ABSTRACT Juniper forests (Juniperus thurifera L.) are among the most valuable forest ecosystems in the mountains of Algeria. Numerous studies have focused on enhancing the germination capacity of juniper seeds. This particular study aimed at breaking the seed dormancy by employing pretreatment methods involving sulphuric acid and gibberellic acid (AG3). To distinguish viable seeds from non-viable ones, the seeds were submerged in sucrose solutions with increasing concentrations (0%. 20%. 40%. and 60%) and subjected to cold treatments at 4 °C for a period of 2 years. Additionally, two pre-treatments were conducted: the first involved immersing the seeds in concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 minutes, while the second pre-treatment utilized AG3 at various concentrations (100 ppm, 400 ppm, and 1000 ppm) for 24 and 48 hours. The results demonstrated the possibility of breaking seed dormancy and achieving germination, which varied significantly based on the pretreatments, seed fractions, cold treatment, and their interactions. The highest germination percentage (83.33%) was observed when applying the gibberellic acid pretreatment (400 ppm for 48hours) to the seeds of the heavy fraction previously stored in cold conditions. Overall, this research opens up new possibilities for effectively managing and protecting juniper forests, contributing to their long-term sustainability and conservation efforts.

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a significant environmental pollutant due to its high organic load and toxicity, necessitating effective treatment methods. This study evaluates the impact of treating OMW through infiltration-percolation on the germination of cereal seeds, specifically durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The treatment involved using sand filters combined with lime and eucalyptus sawdust. Key physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), and total organic carbon (TOC), were analyzed for both untreated OMW and the filtrates produced by the treatment. The results showed that the use of lime, alone or with eucalyptus sawdust, in the filtration process significantly increased the pH and EC, while leading to a highly significant reduction in BOD5, MM, OM, and TOC. Germination tests indicated that the highest germination rates, 80

Introduction This study aims to explore biologically active substances from natural sources, such as the Ocimum basilicum L. plant, for potential medicines. Methods The LC-MS/MS analysis reveals that the majority of compounds in the aerial portion of this plant have Hesperidin and Vanillic acid, which are used in treating blood vessel fragility and neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The study conducted a qualitative phytochemical screening of the hydromethanolic plant extract, revealing different secondary metabolites. Quantitative studies were conducted to determine the quantities of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids in the extract. Results Our investigations also assessed the antioxidant activity of the hydromethanolic plant extract using DPPH-free radical scavenging and cyclic voltammetry, providing insights into its potential to combat oxidative stress. Conclusion Finally, the anticoagulant activity of the hydromethanolic plant extract was examined through Quick and Cephaline Kaolin time coagulation exploration tests, providing insights into its impact on coagulation pathways.

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a by-product of olive oil production that, in its pure state, pollutes and harms the environment. We aim to minimize its polluting effect and investigate the impact of its direct application at diluted doses on soil quality and legume growth. In a pot experiment, the OMW doses of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75% were applied and the growth of lentil and faba bean seedlings was studied. Fresh sampling of OMW was conducted in a modern cold extraction oil mill located in north eastern Algeria. Physicochemical properties of OMW and soil as well as plant physiological parameters are studied. The OMW used is a highly acidic effluent and rich in organic matter (56.29 +/- 1.05 g/L) and mineral content (10.33 +/- 0.2 g/L). The dose of 75% has significantly improved the properties of the soil by increasing its organic matter and electrical conductivity, and has also increased the leaf area of the plants. On the other hand the dose of 12.5% has improved plant height, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, and total chlorophyll content. The research has shown that it is possible to use the OMW at diluted doses to improve soil quality in degraded land and food legume growth. Faba bean grew well in all soils treated by diluted OMW; it can be considered a tolerant plant to its pollutant effect, while lentil is sensitive and its growth is reduced by the increasing OMW dose. OMW is suitable for the vegetative development of food legumes, and it will be beneficial as a bio-fertilizer load of inorganic fertilizer used to enhance soil quality and its diluted form lessen its polluting impact on the environment and it is probably mostly important in semi-arid areas poor in organic matter.

Abstract. Kherief-Nacereddine S, Djeddi H, Nail-Yasmine B, Boukeria S, Benmakhlouf Z, Mehennaoui-Afri FZ. 2023. The variability influence of physicochemical parameters on macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Rhumel and Endja rivers, Algeria. Biodiversitas 24: 539-550. Water resources are the most essential resource in the development of the various sectors of a country's economy. In Algeria, a country with a semi-arid climate, the supply of drinking and industrial water is mainly provided by surface water. Currently, the water supply for industrial uses is threatened by the problems of anthropogenic pollution (e.g., urban discharges, industrial and agricultural activities, etc.). The objective of this work is to assess the variability influence of water physicochemical parameters on macroinvertebrate communities in the Rhumel and Endja rivers in Algeria which supply the Beni Haroun. In each river, two observation stations were established located upstream and downstream, totaling four stations (Rhumel: (Rh1 and Rh2) and Endja: En 1 and En 2). Physicochemical parameters of water were measured, and biological parameters of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were calculated. The physicochemical approach put highlights the monthly changes in water quality along the two rivers in relation to urban, agricultural, and industrial discharges and as a response to seasonal variations in water level. The difference in taxonomic richness corresponded to environmental conditions of stations appearing more or less stable and highlighting a gradient of the stress on organisms. The results showed that there were 2071 individuals of macroinvertebrates recorded, belonging to 19 families and 10 orders. The individual number of this macrofauna consisted of 75.20% insects, 12.50% worms, and 12.30% mollusks, with the most abundant families across all stations being Chironomidae and Baetidae. The spatiotemporal variability of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the two rivers indicated that summer recorded the highest abundance of all samples. The highest number of macroinvertebrate individuals was recorded at Rhumel stations. The elements indicating high pollution were SO4, PO4- and NO2- with the highest values recorded during the summer season for the four stations. Higher pollution was observed at the Endja river. The findings of this study imply that the waters of two rivers are unsuitable for use even for irrigation purposes.

The objective of this study is the evaluation of the anticoagulant activity of polyphenols obtained from olive extracts (Olea europaea L.) Of the margines of two varieties cultivated at Khenchela (East of Algeria) , the first one is souidi from Chacher and the second one is chemlal from Baghai. The physicochemical characteristics of the two varieties studied showed a difference in water content, total solid content (dry matter), total solid in suspension, potential hydrogen, and especially its content in polyphenols and flavonoids. The quantitative analysis of the two extracts has revealed a great richness of the margines of the souidi variety of polyphenols and flavonoids content compared to the margines of the chemlal variety. The dosage of polyphenols is 0.8 mg EAG / mlE) for Souidi and (0.5 mgEAG / mlE) for Chemlal. The in vitro evaluation of the anticoagulant activity of the margines of two varieties souidi and chemlal revealed that the margines of the souidi variety has a good anticoagulant activity vis-à-vis the endogenous pathway Time of Céphaline Kaolin (TCK).

The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and anticoagulant, and antibacterial activities of phenolic extracts obtained from flaxseed. The quantitative estimation of total phenols by the colorimetric method showed that both aqueous and methanolic extracts are low in these compounds. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of polyphenols was carried out by the disc method by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that no antibacterial activity with polyphenols was observed; against the five bacteria tested.The anticoagulant activity of polyphenols was also evaluated in vitro using the cephaline-kaolin (TCK) and Quick time (TQ) tests. The coagulation times obtained on normal plasma indicate that they have moderate activity on both coagulation pathways.

Peganum harmala L. is a wild herbal plant rich in active compounds, and is among the most used plants in local medicine. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the evaluation of some biological activities of alkaloids extract of P. harmala roots. Using the classical method of extraction of β-carboline alkaloids, the yield of alkaloids in the roots was estimated at 2.34 %. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) method identified the two components Harmine and Hrmaline in the total alkaloid extract of the roots. We evaluated the antibacterial activity of harmala alkaloids in roots against three referenced bacterial strains, and this using the agar medium diffusion method, all extracts showed significant activity against all tested bacterial strains, the largest inhibition zone diameter of 20 mm was recorded with Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 50 mg/ml of crude alkaloids. The anticoagulant activity of alkaloid extracts was also examined using the prothrombin time (PT) and partial activation thromboplastin time (APTT) tests. The clotting times obtained in normal plasma indicate that they have good activity in both coagulation pathways compared with sodium heparin, especially in the prolongation of blood clotting in the intrinsic pathway.

In the world of the pharmaceutical industry, plants are considered a major source of medicines due to the presence of bioactive compounds, which provide many physiological effects on the human body. Given the toxicity and unwanted side effects of synthetic molecules, there is an increasing demand for natural drugs. In this context, the present study focused on the phytochemical and biological study of extracts of the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the analyst plant contains active Chemical Compounds, except for the Imodals. Compounds also the extraction of phenolic using organic polarized solvents showed that the highest yield was with methanol extract (9, 2%) compared to the rest of the extracts. The quantitative estimate of these extracts showed that the methanol extract contains the largest quantity of phenols and flavonoids (50,37 +/- 2,14 mg AGE / g Ext) and (8,1 +/- 1,2 mg QE / g Ex) respectively. The biological study through the DPPH test showed that the extracts of the rhizomes of the plant G. glabra possess antioxidant capacity, as the methanol extract showed a high inhibition capacity estimated at (IC50= 35 +/- 0.59 mu g/ml). As for the anti-bacterial activity, it showed significant activity of G.glabra plant extracts against the tested bacterial strains, where the largest inhibition zone diameter was 19 mm with the methanol Extract against Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778).

The present work deals with the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extracts of the white henbane ( Hyoscyamus albus L.) of the solanaceae family, treated with phytohormones 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) andKinetin (K)in doses 0, 10,20mg / l), widely used in traditional medicine and very rich in alkaloids. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that treatment with phytohormones had no effect on the quality of the secondary metabolites. The results of the phytochemical study of the plant showed that the treatment with 2,4-D and K had a significant effect by reduction compared to the untreated plant on the phenolic compounds studied. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro was investigated by the DPPH trapping method and showed that the treatment with 2,4-D and K had a significant effect on the antioxidant activity so all the extracts of the various treatments of H. albus can act as radical scavengers.

H. albus L. is one of the principal plants of Solanaceae family endowed with broad therapeutics properties because of its rich content in tropic alkaloids used as parasympathetic drugs (Tarm and Catherine in Toxic plants and other natural toxicants CABI publishing, 2001).These alkaloids are synthesized in tiny quantities in this plant (Bonnier in Plantes médicinales 40–64, 1987).

This study aims to investigate, the phytochemical and physicochemical characterization of the essential oils of Allium sativum and Allium cepa varieties. The varieties used for the study were graciously provided by the Technical Institute of Horticultural and Industrial Crops (ITCMI), Bir Rogaa Experimental Station, OEB (Algeria). The extraction of essential oils by steam distillation from bulbs gave high yields compared to what is reported in the literature. Red Local varieties of both species showed the highest yield with 0.72 % ± 0,015 for garlic and 0.64% ±0,032 for onion. Organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics observed comply with AFNOR’s standards. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of some chemical groups in one species and their absence in the other species. This was the case of the presence of saponins, alkaloids and glycosides traces in A. sativum, and the presence of tannins, glycosides, sterols, triterpene alkaloids and flavonoids in A. cepa .

This research focuses on the estimated water requirements of growing garlic (Allium sativum L.) variety Messidrome and determining its impact on the behavior of plants. We chose 04 methods to estimate the need for determining PET namely; PET wilaya Oum El Bouaghi (T1), evaporation of Piche (EVP, T2), the formula Blanney Criddle (T3), and the formula for Bouchet (T4) compared with non-irrigated control. To get a good garlic production with an optimum size of bulbs based on estimate irrigation through Blanney Criddle formula takes consideration of lighting and average temperature