The present investigation was aimed to synthesize the copper oxide (CuO NPs) and manganese-doped CuO (Mn-doped CuO NPs) nanoparticles through green synthesis using Ipomoea staphylina leaf extract, and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and photocatalytic properties were evaluated. The optical band gap energy was calculated using the Kubelka–Munk function, which is 3.97 eV for CuO and 3.77 eV for Mn-doped CuO NPs. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed an average crystallite size of 27.12 nm for undoped CuO and 18.37 nm for Mn-doped CuO, FE-SEM images revealed the formation of CuO (irregular spherical) and Mn-CuO (aggregative sheet and rod-like), and XPS validated the synthesized materials’ purity and crystalline nature. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated the existence of phytochemical coatings on the surface of the synthesized materials. The highest antibacterial activity was observed against the Staphylococcus aureus, with the zone of inhibition (ZOI) measuring 20 mm and 23 mm for green-synthesized CuO and Mn-doped CuO NPs. The synthesized nanoparticles effectively scavenged DPPH radicals with antioxidant activity of 58 and 69

Mixed crystal of K2MgO.28ZnO.72 (SO4)2⋅6H2O (KMZS) was developed from Tutton’s salt in equimolar concentration at aqueous medium, K2Mg (SO4)2⋅ 6H2O (MPSH) and ZnSO4 using slow evaporation technique. XRD is used to determine single crystal structure. To recognize the material, the PXRD profiles and FT-IR are used. The surface morphological changes are detected by SEM. Energy dispersive spectra (EDS) reveals the being of metals in the crystal. UV–vis spectrum clearly says that the grown crystal shows good optical transparency and its band energy gap was determined. The thermogravimetric and thermal analysis were used to examine the thermal nature of grown crystal. The perfection in crystal structure was determined by XRD curves. XRD analysis confirms the crystallinity and the complex crystal is monoclinic with centro-symmetric freedom assembly P21/c. crystal structure is balanced by Hydrogen bonds of OH⋅⋅⋅O and OH⋅⋅⋅O. On visible region, optical absorption shows fine transmission and wavelength cutoff is approximately 240 nm with a band energy gap of 4.8 eV.

A cobalt (II)-doped tetrakis(thiourea)nickel(II) chloride (TTNC) green quartz crystals are developed by sluggish disappearance method. FT-IR studies signify the thiourea group and water of crystallization. Doping was established via UV–vis spectra. The powder precursors were characterized by TG/DTA, after calcination between 225 and 343 ◦C. The developed crystal was established by powder X-ray diffraction, it is confirmed crystal system comes out to be tetragonal. Surface morphological changes owing to doping are observed by SEM, EDS spectroscopies. It is found that the cycle stability is improved by adding small amount of Co(II). Microstructures of the materials reveal that cobalt additions influence the average grain size and the pore distribution. Doping with Co(II) increases five times the preferential growth. As a consequence, plate-like morphology is observed. The doping of cobalt (II) in TTNC indicates that cobalt can partially substitute the metal sties of TTNC, which can lead to the modification of physical and chemical properties of the parent compound. The crystal is further characterized by Kurtz powder technique.

Psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR) is an important and essential component in the management of persons with severe mental disorders (SMD), along with pharmacological and psychological interventions. PSR is instrumental to bring positive change in the social and occupational functioning of persons with SMD by providing support and addressing their specific psychosocial needs. Here, we provide an overview of the various PSR strategies offered to persons with SMD as a part of the SCARF Telepsychiatry in Pudukkottai (STEP) program in the rural communities of Tamil Nadu. We undertook an analysis of the project data for the period 2010–2019 during which 14,496 individuals had received some intervention under the STEP program and the various PSR activities provided are listed. Our results indicate a range of PSR activities were provided to persons with SMD and their family members including facilitating the receipt of disability and welfare benefits, help with employment, obtaining loans from banks to start private small enterprises, to help with emergency and other admissions. Our experiences have been able to demonstrate that it is eminently possible to incorporate and integrate PSR interventions in community based programmes for persons with severe mental disorders.

Green Synthesis of nanoparticles from plant extracts has already established the stature of an effective eco-friendly route which can serve as an alternative to the existing conventional methods. In the present research, MgO nanoparticles (NPs)have been synthesized from pharmaceutic black vitex negundo (Karunochi) leaf extract. The synthesis of NPsobtained by employing bio-safe routes is in the limelight because nontoxic reagents are involved in the form of green extracts.The synthesized sample has been characterized by the X-ray diffraction; Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopic analysis, and UV spectral analysis. Photon energy of MgO nanoparticles is estimated to be 5.9223 eV from the data of optical absorption and the obtained FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of the organic molecules in the NPs. The optical band gap energy is calculated to be 5.915 eV for the synthesized NPs which is not yet reported, to date, according to the literature. From the data of XRD analysis, the particle size can be estimated such that it is calculated to be 22 nm which is accomplished by supplementing the crystalline d-spacing with the values of (hkl). The present outcome of the research is that the NPs can be used as a supplementary medicine to treat covid-19 patients and they can also be utilized as pest control. The synthesized sample can be a cough remedy and it has the nature of acting as an antiseptic.

Sir, Community mental health in India is still in its infancy. Most of the mental health services in India are largely urban and restricted to medical college psychiatry units, hospitals, and private clinics. The only exceptions are the services offered by the District Mental Health Programme.[1] However, factors such as lack of political will, inadequate utilization of allotted funds, sparse and scattered infrastructure, and very few trained mental health professionals in some of the states prove detrimental to the growth of community mental health in India.[2] Community-level health workers (CLWs) form a very important component of community health services.[3] They play multiple roles such as delivering care at the doorstep of persons, increasing awareness, helping reduce stigma, facilitation of help seeking to the appropriate medical sources, ensuring follow-up, and liaising with various government departments for facilitating benefits to their clients. In this process, they also face innumerable and varied challenges.[4] It is important to understand the challenges faced by the CLWs from their perspective and include them in the development of an action plan to address their issues and community mental health as a whole. The Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF) has been running a community outreach program called SCARF TElepsychiatry in Pudukottai, funded by Tata Education Trust for persons with mental health disorders at Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, from 2010.[5] In this program, with the help of CLWs, persons with mental health disorders were identified from the community and treatment initiated through telepsychiatry. The CLWs also made regular monthly visits to the homes of patients to deliver psychoeducation and rehabilitation measures. In the current study, three community project coordinators and six community-level mental health workers were individually interviewed using a semistructured pro forma to understand the challenges faced by them in delivering mental health services to the people in the community. The results [Table 1] indicate that they face different challenges at different points in time from different people, for example, during identification and referral for treatment, home visits, and facilitation of welfare schemes for persons with severe mental disorders.Table 1: Challenges faced by community mental health workers when delivering mental health services for a rural communityA wider coordinated effect from different sectors such as governmental departments, nongovernmental organizations, and general public and leveraging technology could facilitate the activities of community-level workers. Thus, as it is imperative to bring changes at the policy level in implementing mental health services at the community, the challenges faced by community-level workers in the day-to-day basis must also be understood and acted upon. Without that, even a well-planned policy will not effectively reach the persons to whom they are primarily addressed. Financial support and sponsorship SCARF TElepsychiatry in Pudukottai Program was funded by Tata Education Trust of the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and the Allied Trusts. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

A series of novel 1-amino dibenzo[b,d]furan derivatives have been synthesised via 1,3-dinitrophenol with iodophenol compound. The chemical structures of the compound have been elucidated by H-1 and C-13 NMR. The mass of the synthesized compounds has been estimated by LCMS. The functional groups present in the title compound are revealed from FT-IR and confirmed by elemental analysis. These compounds have also been screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Potassium magnesium cobalt sulfate hexahydrate (KMCS) was synthesized and single crystals were obtained with a slow evaporation solution growth technique (SESGT). KMCS empirical formula is K2Mg0.26Co0.74(SO4)26H2O with the weight of equation 428.34. KMCS crystal exposed monoclinic space groupP21/c, a = 6.1457, b = 12.2208, c = 9.0677, a = g = 90 °, b = 105 °, V = 657.87, Z = 2, 2.162 Mg m-3, in pink colour.The rate of frequency reduction found in powder indicates the crystal stress resulting from the processing of grown crystals. Single crystals are performed with FT-IR and UV-vis spectral studies. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) indicates prevalent site occupation substitution Co (II). For powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) results in the development of crystal stress due to the formation of single crystals. Electron microscopy scanning (SEM) tests the morphological changes in the exterior. The introduction of dopant into the crystalline medium has been verified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). TG-DTA research has been conducted for single crystal thermal studies.

Objective: The objective of this work is to synthesis thio-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl derivatives for industrial applications. Methods: The synthesis was done by the reaction of (S)-2-amino-2-phenylacetic acid with ethanol-derived ethyl (S)-2-amino-2-phenylacetate. The reaction of ethyl (S)-2-amino-2-phenylacetate with Boc anhydride and hydrazine produces ethyl (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-phenylacetate. The intermediate 5-alkyl amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols have been isolated as stable compounds. Results: To study the characteristics of these compounds, they are subjected to 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and IR. These studies examine the chemical structure of synthesized compounds. The mass of the novel compounds was established with the help of the LCMS test. The structural and optical properties were examined by the powder XRD and photoluminescence spectrum respectively. Conclusion: The sharp intense peak in the powder XRD indicates the crystal nature of the sample. The values obtained from the LCMS test indicate that the compounds have good thermal stability. The absorption peak at 358 nm in the PL spectrum indicates that the sample can be used in photoelectronic devices.

Recently, heterocyclic compounds play important role in drug industries. The benzothiazole (BTA) is a bicyclic compound in heterocyclic because of their biological properties. In this paper the synthesis and characterization of benzothiazole were reported. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were established based on spectral data of 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and IR. The mass of the novel compounds was established with the help of the LCMS test. The formation of the crystal was confirmed by powder XRD and the sharp peaks show the purity and crystalline nature of the samples. The photoluminescence spectra explain the optical property of the compound. The biological studies of synthesized compounds show that compound 5c possesses good antibacterial activity and compound 5d has good antifungal activity.

In present work, ethyl 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate was reacted to piperidine using copper(II) bromide to get ethyl 2-(piperidin-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate. The reaction of ethyl 2-(piperidin- 1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate with NaOH produces 2-(piperidin-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-6- carboxylic acid. The inter-mediate 2-(piperidin-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid have been isolated as stable compounds. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were established based on the 1H & 13C NMR and IR spectral data. The mass of the novel compounds was established with the help of the LC-MS technique. The photoluminescence spectra explain the optical property of the compound. The biological studies of synthesized compounds show that the compound 5e possesses good antibacterial activity and compound 5d has good antifungal activity.

The derivatives of 1-amino dibenzo[b,d]furan by alkyl and aryl substitution were synthesised via 1,3-dinitrophenol with iodophenol compound. With the help of H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR the chemical structures of the compound were elucidated. The LCMS test was employed to estimate the mass of the synthesized compounds. From the recorded FTIR spectrum, the various functional groups present in the title compound were revealed and the same were confirmed by elemental analysis. To ascertain the pharmaceutical application of these compounds, they were also screened for in vitro antibacterial an antifungal activity.

•(E)−4-Amino-N'-(1-phenylethylidene) benzohydrazide have been synthesized and characterized by physical, spectral and analytical data.•Intermolecular interactions in the crystal packing have been studied.•IR and NMR spectra, DFT analysis and frontier molecular orbitals have been studied.•Antimicrobial and docking studies have been carried out.

(E)-4-Amino-N'-(substituted benzylidene) benzohydrazides (1-8) were synthesized by condensing 4-aminobenzohydrazide with an appropriate aldehyde in the molar ratio of 1:1 in methanol as solvent. Single crystal X-ray diffraction has been recorded for compound 1. For all the synthesized compounds, FT-IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra have been recorded. Also antibacterial and docking studies have been done for all compounds 1-8. Since for compound 1 only single crystal X-ray analysis has been carried out, its structural characterization have been done in detail, characterisation of remaining compounds 2-8 have been carried out by comparing their FT-IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectral data with that of compound 1. Single crystal X-ray analysis of 1 show that the compound exists in E-configuration about azomethine double bond. The crystal state of the compound was stabilised by the hydrogen bond present in the molecule. DFT calculations using the B3LYP/6-311++G method have been carried out for 1 to get the optimized geometry, IR and NMR frequencies, Mulliken charge distribution, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and energies of HOMO - LUMO. A good agreement between the DFT predicted and the experimentally measured IR and NMR spectra of 1 was found. Analysis of MEP and Mulliken atomic charges bar diagram of 1, confirms the chemical reactivity and existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the molecule. The result of antibacterial and antifungal activities shows that the compounds 2, 4, 7 and 8 showed good antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria and the compounds 1, 3, 5 and 6 showed good antifungal activities against all the three fungal strains. These results showed that electron donating and electron withdrawing groups play important roles in antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds1-8, respectively. Molecular docking studies of compounds 1-8 shows that the various ligand of compounds 1-8 shows glide score values lies between -5.923 to -7.298, among these the compounds 6 and 8 showed excellent glide score values. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Single crystal of Thiourea Sodium Sulphate (TSS) was prepared by a slow evaporation technique. The optical absorption and absorption coefficient are studied by UV. Vis.-NIR The voids or defects of the TSS crystal were carried out by its surface morphology analysis by SEM. The NLO properties of shocked TSS single crystal were estimated by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopic analysis. Finally the nonlinear optical property of TSS crystal was estimated by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and the suitability of present titled mono crystal against mechanical resistivity after the shock for non linear optics and for photonic application has been confirmed.

Single crystal of Thiourea Sodium Sulphate (TSS) was prepared by a slow evaporation technique. The optical absorption and absorption coefficient are studied by UV. Vis.-NIR The voids or defects of the TSS crystal were carried out by its surface morphology analysis by SEM. The NLO properties of shocked TSS single crystal were estimated by UVVis-NIR spectroscopic analysis. Finally the nonlinear optical property of TSS crystal was estimated by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and the suitability of present titled mono crystal against mechanical resistivity after the shock for non linear optics and for photonic application has been confirmed. Material Science Research India www.materialsciencejournal.org ISSN: 0973-3469, Vol.17, No.(3) 2020, Pg. 270-275 CONTACT M. Uday Bhaskar udaymphil@gmail.com Department of Physics, Research & Development Center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Oriental Scientific Publishing Company This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License Doi: http://dx.doi.org10.13005/msri/170309 Article History Received: 6 October 2020 Accepted: 7 November 2020

Thiourea Cadmium Sulphate crystal is prepared by a slow evaporation technique. The atomic groups appear in TCS crystals are assessed by the mechanism of FTIR spectroscopy. The UV-Vis-NIR spectral analysis is utilized to examine the optical presence of absorption and transmission characteristics of the crystal. The TEM and SEM images are inspected and photoluminescence spectral analysis was reported. Finally, the Non Linear Optical property of TCS crystal is endorsed by (SHG) evaluation at significant wavelength1064nm.

Background: Trismus is an uncontrolled inability to open the mouth or jaw. It interferes mainly with daily activities such as chewing, swallowing and talking, brushing teeth and the tonic contraction of the muscles of the mastication and spasm. It results in the limited ability to open the mouth. It occurs due to several factors such as tumour invasion in the masticatory muscles or in the Temporo mandibular joint, fibrosis induced by radiotherapy, oral infections, and oedema after surgery or due to pain. Objective of The Study: To find out the effects of TheraBite exercises to relieve pain and increase range of motion in Trismus among oral cancer patients. Methodology: A convenient sample of 30 subjects were solicited from Saveetha medical college and hospital and the subjects were diagnosed with oral cancer and divided into two groups. Group-A (Control group) has restricted mouth opening due to trismus were given jaw mobilization exercises. Group-B (Experimental group) also have restricted mouth opening and were subjected to therabite exercises and they were also given jaw mobilization exercises. Both groups were given treatment for 2 weeks. Post-test NPRS and functional outcome were taken and evaluated for statistical analysis. Outcome Measures: Numerical pain rating scale for jaw pain, A regular ruler for measuring the inter-incise distance. Results: Statistical analysis was done to identify the difference between pre and post test measurements by paired t test analysis. The two tailed p-value is less than 0.0001 by conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant for experimental group. Conclusion: It was recognised that trismus patients were initially undergoing an increased rate of difficulty in jaw opening but after a two weeks of jaw mobilization exercise and therabite exercises there was an appreciable increase in their mouth opening and relief of pain.

(E)-4-Amino-N’-(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (E4A2,5DMBH) is synthesized by condensing 4-aminobenzohydrazide with 2,5–dimethoxybenzaldehyde in the molar ratio of 1:1 in methanol as solvent. FT-IR, Raman, UV-Visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HOMO COSY, NOESY and HSQC  spectra were recorded for this compound. Also single crystal X-ray diffraction was recorded and analyzed. All analytical data are consistent with the proposed molecular formulae. Further, analysis of Non-Linear Optical (NLO) properties shows that the molecule has considerable NLO activity and it strongly support that the compound possesses electronic properties. HOMO- LUMO analysis proved that the compound possess chemical stability. Mulliken population analysis for the compound shows the presence of inter molecular hydrogen bonding.