Some results of experimental studies on the deformation of a rail under the force impact of a moving railway vehicle were presented. The studies were performed by using a supersensitive strain sensor with an ultimate relative strain of 2× 10^-7 . The capabilities of optical tensometry in the problems of monitoring the technical state of wagon bogies and the upper structure of railways were analyzed.

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований деформации рельса, находящегося под силовым воздействием движущегося железнодорожного транспорта. Исследования выполнены с применением высокочувствительного датчика деформации с предельным уровнем относительной деформации 2 · 10-7. Анализируются возможности оптической тензометрии для решения задачи мониторинга технического состояния ходовых частей вагонов и верхнего строения пути. The results of experimental studies of the deformation of a rail under the force of a moving railway transport are presented. The studies are carried out using a highly sensitive deformation sensor with a limit level of relative deformation of 2 · 10-7 . The possibilities of optical strain measurement for solving the problem of monitoring the technical condition of the running gear of wagons and the upper structure of the track are analyzed.

The novel results of the R & D activity of TDI SIE SB RAS in the field of the optical measuring technologies, as well as laser technologies for solving safety problems are presented. To measure the rocks stress and to prevent the mountain impact, as well as for basic investigations, a set of optical-electronic deformers and systems was developed and produced. For permanent noncontact bearing position inspection of oil-drilling platforms on Sakhalin coast (Russia) we have developed optical-electronic method and system SAKHALIN with cumulative traveled distance (3 km) measurement error less than 0.03 %. Multifunctional laser technological system LSP-2000 equipped by two Nd-YAG lasers was developed for cutting, welding and surface micro profiling with ablation process (working range of 3 2 0.6 m 3 , positioning error less than 10 mkm). Safety of Russian nuclear reactors takes 100 % noncontact 3D dimensional inspection of all parts of fuel assemblies, including grid spacers. Results of development and testing the specialized high productive laser measuring machine, based on structured illumination, for 3D inspection of grid spacers with micron resolution are presented. Ensuring the safety of running trains is the actual task for railways. Using high-speed laser noncontact method on the base of triangulation position sensors, TDI SIE has developed and produced automatic laser diagnostic system COMPLEX for inspection of geometric parameters of wheel pairs (train speed up to 60 km/hr.), which are used successfully on Russian railroads. Experimental results on measuring and laser technological systems testing are presented.

Solving many actual safety problems in science, atomic, optics-mechanical and railway industry takes 3D optical measuring technologies with micro-/ nanometer resolution and productivity from 100 to 10(5) meas./s [1]. The novel results of the R & D activity of TDI SIE SB RAS in this field are presented.

The problems of obtaining high reliability in the automated contactless monitoring of the geometric parameters of freight car wheels during the motion of a train under practical operating conditions using laser equipment are discussed. The factors which influence the reduction in the monitoring reliability are analyzed, and methods of reducing this influence (by a factor of 2–10) are demonstrated. An eddy-current sensor and a subsystem based on it for detecting defects in the rolling surface of wheel pairs are described.

In the Linac4/SPL projects at CERN, 352 MHz DTL Alvarez accelerating structures will be used to accelerate protons between 3 and 40 MeV. The R&D for the development of a prototype structure for the energy range from 3 to 10 MeV is taking place jointly at ITEP and VNIIEF. The design of this 2.7 m Alvarez tank containing 27 drift tubes is described in this document. Results of calculations of the section parameters are presented. One of the main features of the design is the use of permanent magnets made of SmCo5 alloy as quadrupole focusing lenses (PMQ) inside the drift tubes. Details of the experimental PMQ-equipped drift tube are described.

Ensuring the safety of running trains is the main condition of railways exploitation for transport of passengers and cargoes all over the world. This is determined by the growth of moving speed in railways and by the wear of the rolling stock. As the moving speed increases, the requirements of quality of railways and of the rolling stock become stricter. This entails the necessity of optimal use of rolling stock without decreasing the movement safety. In particular, in Russia, occurs the wear of car and locomotive stock. A similar situation exists in railways of India, Australia and some former socialist countries.

A sensor for measuring movements in block rock mass through boreholes is presented. Being an organic part of multichannel instrumental set, the sensor ensures revealing of deformation changes in the controlled zones of block geomedia, which is of key importance when stress variations and fatigue failure in rock mass are determined.

Specific problems arising under automatic optical inspection of geometrical parameters of dynamic objects as freight car wheels is discussed. These problems include a changeable ambient illumination and high dynamic range of scattered light intensity when the surface under inspection is moving fast (speed up to 20 m/s). Some methods for solving these problems are proposed. They include an automatic adjustment of the measuring signal amplitude, its spectral and spatial filtration. It is shown that the most optimal photodetectors for triangulation measures used in systems for dimensional inspection of freight car wheels are position-sensitive detectors (PSD). An automatic diagnostic system for measurement of running wheel pairs geometrical parameters, performances and results of experimental testing are presented.

Nowadays the use of multiple channel accelerator systems is well known with some hundred channels helps us to increase total beam intensity proportional to the number of channels while the divergence of the total beam is roughly equal to the divergence of single channel. The accelerator structure for multiple beam linac must provide both transversal and longitudinal stability for every small beam taking into account Coulomb interactions of all the micro beams. The most convenient for accelerator structures with 100 and more beams are the systems that use RF focusing such as RFQ, APF and DTL with rectangular profiles. The common disadvantage of all those systems is connected with decreasing of focusing forces of RF field with particle velocity increase. Our analysis shows that the disadvantage may be overcome in structures with rectangular profiles. For this purpose some additional thin (3–5 mm) focusing electrodes called space lattices (SL) must be arranged within accelerator gaps. The distance between these electrodes is chosen roughly equal to the thickness of additional electrodes. The number of the electrodes must be increased with length of accelerator gaps and may be equal n=1,2,…,6 and even more. The arrangement of n thin electrodes in accelerator gaps helps us to reach qualitative change of accelerator structure parameters. Firstly, they make n times amplification of the sign-alternate component of RF focusing field without appreciable influence to phasing action of accelerating field. Secondly, introducing of additional electrodes that divide the gap on n small accelerator gaps provides beams shielding from each other within the region of beam acceleration in RF fields between drift tubes. The analysis shows that if n=4–6, it is possible to reach transversal stability of all particles independently of their input phases in RF field. On the other hand, the analysis shows that adiabatic change of synchronous phase at the input stage of acceleration helps us to increase both longitudinal and transversal capture of particles into acceleration process. The basic feature of multiple channel structure with SL focusing is concerned with the necessity of arrangement of some additional electrodes within accelerator gaps. It might be principally easily realized by means of insulator stems while it is practically impossible because of their low surface electric durability. So there is a necessity to develop special RF voltage dividers to provide appropriate potentials at additional electrodes. Some variants of designs were supposed and tested.

Ion beam focusing by RF accelerating fields is consid- ered now as one of prospective ways for multiple channel resonant linac. Taking into account that rigidity of RF focusing is decreased with beam velocity increasing the problem of beam RF focusing gradient keeping by use of additional focusing electrodes called space lattices (SL- focusing) into accelerator channel gaps is considered. The results of numerical analysis of SL-focusing system of 2.2 MeV experimental ion linac that works at 148.5 MHz are presented as an example. Some aspects of RF voltage di- viding to supply additional focusing elements such that to ensure RF field gradient uniformity within accelerator gaps are also considered. The RF voltage divider design is based on rectangular poly-frame H-resonator with drift tubes. Every the next rectangular frame is enclosed into the previous external frame and drift tubes as well as fo- cusing electrodes are attached in turn to every the side frames of the resonator. The results of the structure tuning on both given working RF frequency and longitudinal field distribution are presented.

Data for designing, tuning and tests on the initial part of a heavy ion linac main system, the 35 kV ion beam injector with a MEVVA-type ion source, the 5 MeV 3 m long acceleration section with an RFQ and the 0.4 MeV/amu 6 m long pre-stripper section with alternating phase focusing (APF), are presented. The injector produces intense tungsten ion beam with the a charge of +4, a beam pulse length of 300 mcs and a repetition rate of 25 pps. The main construction feature of the sectionalized RFQ structure are the ceramic insulators as mechanical supports for the 4-rod modulated line. The high power test data for the single cell of the RFQ structure are given. The APF prestripper section design is described

A circular sweep of the beam over a large target for making a uniform irradiation zone is suggested. The scan pattern is an untwisted spiral for a continuous beam or a family of concentric circles for a bunched beam. The deflection voltage is provided by RF cavities with orthogonal transverse fields shifted in time by π2. The amplitude of the deflection voltage as a function of time and the optimal beam scan frequency with respect to the RF frequency of the accelerator are given. The considered method of target irradiation can be useful in different applications of charged particle beams including microfilters production and transmutation of nuclear wastes where a large amplitude of the deflection voltage and a high uniformity of irradiation are required.

The experimental RF heavy ion linac with charge to mass ratio up to 1/46 has been built to demonstrate some possibilities of the compact alternating phase focusing (APF) accelerator structure with high energy gain speed. The first experience on molybdenum and tungsten ion acceleration to 0.31 MeV/amu is considered. The linac consists of a 90 kV electrostatic injector with a MEVVA ion source and a 6 m Wideroe-type drift tube APF 18.4 MHz resonant structure