staining in all the patients. The expression levels of B7-H4 were compared in the three groups, and then patients in the DLBCL group were divided into the high expression subgroup and low expression subgroup. The relationship between B7-H4 expression and clinical features, prognosis in DLBCL patients were analyzed. Results There were significant differences of positive expression of B7-H4 in the three groups ( χ2 = 36.946, P < 0.001). Compared with the normal nodes group, B7-H4 was over-expressed in the DLBCL group (P<0.001). The expression of B7-H4 in DLBCL patients were higher than that in the inflammatory group (P = 0.002). There were no statistical differences in age ( χ2= 0.009, P =0.932), gender ( χ2=0.007, P =0.925), clinical stages ( χ2=0.534, P= 0.465) and extranodal infiltrations ( χ2 = 1.932, P = 0.165) between the high expression subgroup and the low expression subgroup. After a median of 40-month follow-up, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the expression levels of B7-H4 had no effect on the survival time of the patients with DLBCL, no matter whether rituximab joint the CHOP chemotherapy or not ( χ2=0.345, P=0.557; χ2=1.001, P=0.317). Conclusions The B7-H4 over expressed in DLBCL patients, therefore B7-H4 might be related with the incidence of DLBCL.

通过回顾赴菲律宾海外救援中记录药品使用情况的资料,笔者对准备不足及储备过剩的药品逐一进行了分析和研究.同时,结合实践验证,提出了针对性的药品储备目录,以期为今后水灾救援药品储备原则提供依据.

目的 了解菲律宾台风后患者疾病谱变化规律,为今后国际医疗救援提供科学依据.方法 以医疗救援队赴菲律宾台风救援诊治患者的信息为主要依据,分析患者的基本情况、疾病种类情况及救援队不适症状情况.结果 累计诊治患者2892人,其中男1161例,占总人数的40.15％,女1731例,占59.85％,年龄1个月～91岁;疾病种类以呼吸系统疾病(40.32％)为主,其次是损伤与中毒(18.81％)和神经系统疾病(12.45％);医疗救援队共有10名队员出现不适症状,以月经不调和血压升高为主.结论 呼吸道疾病、皮肤感染疾病、外伤是台风后发生的主要疾病.参与国际医疗救援时,应及时了解当地基础疾病情况,做好相应的防控.

目的：探讨两种结晶溶解装置的溶解甘露醇结晶的效果。方法将60袋结晶的甘露醇分别放置 CX-1型甘露醇溶解结晶装置和对比容器中，一个容器每次放入30袋，按80℃，70℃，60℃，50℃，40℃进行溶解结晶实验，观察并记录时间。结果本实验经多次测试，结果发现同样体积、同样面积、同样温度的水浴环境下，对比容器溶解结晶时间比 CX-1型溶解结晶时间长（9±1）min，且存在容器上部的几袋甘露醇结晶溶解不完全的现象。结论 CX-1型甘露醇溶解装置具有溶解结晶时间快，结晶溶解完全，无破损等优点。

脂质体(1 iposomes)是新一代的靶向药物载体,具有使药物靶向网状内皮系统、长药效、降低药物毒性、提高疗效、避免耐受性、改变给药途径等优点,特别是近年来脂质体作为基因转移的有效载体,具有病毒类载体无法比拟的优点,因而受到医药界的广泛关注。但脂质体作为药物载体仍存在对有些疾病的靶向特征不理想、体内稳定性和贮存稳定性欠佳等缺点,因而限制了脂质体的临床应用和工业化生产[1]。近年来,人们将多种制剂工艺、方法加以综合,制备出

Marine organisms, as a rich recourse of numerous bioactive compounds, have been reported to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Antimicrobial peptides are small molecular weight peptides which protect the host organisms against multiple microbes. Due to the non-toxicity, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and the ability to escape drug-resistance mechanisms, antimicrobial peptides are valued as a potential treasure in pharmaceutical and food industries. In this review, we summarized the classification, biological properties, and functions of marine-derived antimicrobial peptides and their application prospects in different fields.

2013年11月8日，台风＂海燕＂在菲律宾登陆，造成严重的人员和财产损失，受灾人口超过3万人，中国红十字会先后向菲律宾派遣三批救援队，笔者作为第三批红十字会医疗救援队成员于12月5日前往塔克洛班执行人道主义救助任务，在灾区21d，除完成药品保障工作外，还为此次出队的救援队员做了自身防护和保障措施，现将医疗队队员自身防护体会报道如下。

甘露醇为渗透性利尿药，可迅速提高血浆渗透压，具有减轻脑水肿、降低颅内压的作用［1］，是医院常用的脱水药，常用于静脉快速滴注抢救脑水肿患者。甘露醇注射液为过饱和溶液，该制剂在室温20～30℃储存相对稳定，室温﹤15℃时即有10％析出结晶［2］，冬季结晶率更高。输入不完全溶解的甘露醇溶液会对患者肾功能造成损害［1］。因此，使用前必须先将甘露醇完全溶解后再使用，给临床治疗造成很大麻烦。笔者经过调查发现，医院甘露醇的溶晶形式以各种水浴加热为主，但成本较高。因此，笔者研制了CX-1型甘露醇结晶溶解装置，使用效果良好。

Verticillium longisporum, a soil-borne pathogenic fungus, causes vascular disease in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We proposed that plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the plant-V. longisporum interaction. To identify oilseed rape miRNAs, we deep-sequenced two small RNA libraries made from V.longisporum infected/noninfected roots and employed Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea genomes as references for miRNA prediction and characterization. We identified 893 B.napus miRNAs representing 360 conserved and 533 novel miRNAs, and mapped 429 and 464 miRNAs to the AA and CC genomes, respectively. Microsynteny analysis with the conserved miRNAs and their flanking protein coding sequences revealed 137 AA-CC genome syntenic miRNA pairs and 61 AA and 42 CC genome-unique miRNAs. Sixty-two miRNAs were responsive to the V.longisporum infection. We present data for specific interactions and simultaneously reciprocal changes in the expression levels of the miRNAs and their targets in the infected roots. We demonstrate that miRNAs are involved in the plant-fungus interaction and that miRNA168-Argonaute 1 (AGO1) expression modulation might act as a key regulatory module in a compatible plant-V.longisporum interaction. Our results suggest that V.longisporum may have evolved a virulence mechanism by interference with plant miRNAs to reprogram plant gene expression and achieve infection.

Fluid shear stress (FSS) is an important biomechanical factor regulating the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and is therefore widely used in bone tissue engineering. However, the mechanotransduction of FSS in hMSCs remains largely unknown. As beta 1 integrins are considered to be important mechanoreceptors in other cells, we suspect that beta 1 integrins should also be important for hMSCs to sense the stimulation of FSS. We used a perfusion culture system to produce FSS loading on hMSCs seeded in PLGA three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds and investigated the roles of beta 1 integrins, FAK and ERK1/2 in FSS-induced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Our results showed that FSS not only markedly increased ALP activity and the expression of ALP, OCN, Runx2 and COLI alpha genes but also significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Runx2 and FAK. FSS-induced activation of ERK1/2 and FAK was inhibited by blockade of the connection between beta 1 integrins and ECM with RGDS peptide and integrins beta 1 monoclonal antibody. Our study also found that FSS could upregulate the expression level of beta 1 integrins and that this upregulation could be abolished by PD98059. Further investigation indicated that FSS-activated ERK1/2 led to the phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha and NF kappa B p65. The activation of NF kappa B p65 resulted in the upregulation of beta 1 integrin expression. Therefore, it could be inferred that beta 1 integrins should sense the stimulation of FSS and thus activate ERK1/2 through activating of FAK, and FSS-activated ERK1/2 feedback to upregulate the expression of beta 1 integrins through activating NF kappa B. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Th17 and Tc17 cell in patients with bronchial asthma and its significance.Methods: Thirty-seven mild bronchial asthma patients,23 moderate bronchial asthma patients,26 asthma patients in alleviated period and 18 healthy donors were enrolled.Percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells and Tc17 cells and Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry.IL-17 levels were measured by ELISA.Results: The percentage of Th 17,Tc17 and the level of IL-17 in patients with mild asthma and moderate-severe were higher than those in asthma patients in alleviated period and healthy donors(P<0.01).The percentage of Tc17 in patients with alleviated period asthma was higher than healthy donors(P<0.01).Conclusion: The combination of Tc17 cells and Th17/Tc17 could be used as detection index of bronchial asthma and expected to be provide new target point for asthma treatment.

Objective To investigate the anti-leukemia effect of heat shock protein-peptide complex-96 (HSP-gp96). Methods Human leukemia cell lines (K562, HL-60 and U937) were respectively divided into group A and group B. Only human leukemia cell lines in group A were infected with the constructed recombinant adenovirus Ad-gp96. The cell lines in groups A and B were prepared for antigen peptide and then categorized into group A1 and group B1 . Peripheral blood mononuclear cell induced by dendritic cells (DC) loading antigen peptide prepared the DC-complex (group A2 and group B2 ). Of each group, the proliferation of T lymphocytes was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium cytotoxicity method, and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell activity at different effect-target ratio was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Results Comparedwith groups A, B and B1 , the proliferation of T lymphocytes were stimulated more remarkably in groups A1 , A2 and B2 (especially in groups A1 and B2 ), the activity of NK cell and CTL were enhanced (all P0.05), and the cytotoxic effect in the leukemia cells as the effect-target ratio were higher. The gp96-peptide complex derived from K562 was more efficient in enhancing the activity of CTL than HL-60 and U937 cells. Conclusion Leukemia antigen gp96-peptide complex has a significant anti-leukemia effect, especially after stimulated by DCs. Furthermore, this anti-leukemia effect has a specificity.

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii,and to provide guidance for clinical medication.Methods Specimens were collected from clinical patients with infection from January to December in 2012.Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated and the drug sensitivity was tested retrospectively.Results A total of309 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated,sputum was the main specimen from which Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated( 88.03%).Acinetobacter baumannii was mainly distributed at ICU( 50.16%).These strains were susceptible to colistin and polymyxin,the drug resistance rate of which is lower than 10%.The drug resistance rate to cefoperazone/sulbactam was 17.5%.The drug resistance rate to other 19 antibiotics was higher than 50%.The highest resistance rate was 100%,which was cefoperazone,to norfboxacin and to ofloxacin.Conclusions Acinetobacter baumannii is susceptible to colistin,polymyxin and cefoperazone/sulbactam.In order to provide the basic evidence for selecting the antibiotics reasonably in clinic,we should strengthen monitoring the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii.Meanwhile we should take effective preventive measures to avoid outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii infection to avoid outbreak.Antimicrobial agents should be used rationally to decrease multi-drug resistance.

Epac, exchange protein activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), could regulate the trans-differentiation between adipogenesis and osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Epac activated by 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, a cAMP analog preferentially activating Epac, resulted in the increase of adipogenic gene expression and the decrease of osteogenic gene expression. The pro-adipogenic and anti-osteogenic effect of 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP was attributed to that 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP led to the activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) as well as the inhibition of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) activities. Inhibition of Epac by a dominant-negative form of Epac1 resulted in the decrease of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), PKB and CREB activities as well as down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) expression. Inhibition of PI3K by a specific inhibitor or inhibition of Arf and Rho GAP adapter protein 3 (ARAP3, a phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)(3,4,5)P(3) binding protein) by ARAP3 siRNA led to the recovery of RhoA and FAK activities. RhoA-V14, a constitutively active form of RhoA, could activate the MEK/ERK/Runx2 signaling. Therefore, we conclude that PI3K activated by Epac leads to the activation of PKB/CREB signaling and the up-regulation of PPARγ expression, which in turn activate the transcription of adipogenic genes; whereas osteogenesis is driven by Rho/FAK/MEK/ERK/Runx2 signaling, which can be inhibited by Epac via PI3K. These results should be helpful to provide new targets for treatment of osteoporosis and related bone-wasting diseases.

Ruxolitinib phosphate is a small molecule selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases JAK1 and JAK2,with a good therapeutic effect on the primary and progressive myelofibrosis(MF),which had been approved by FDA in Nov 2011.It was the first medicine that FDA approved for the treatment of bone marrow fibrosis.It was demonstrated by the results of clinical studies that,ruxolitinib phosphate could significantly reduce and maintain the patient's spleen volume,as well as improved systemic symptoms.It also could prolong the life of MF patients.The mechanism of action,pharmacokinetics,drug interaction,clinical application and safety evaluation of the medicine were reviewed in this article.

The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein gp96 (HSP-gp96), has been shown to have roles in the synthesis, processing and transport of tumor antigens. Therefore, the capacity for HSP-gp96 to induce dendritic cells (DCs), thymus-dependent lymphocytes (T lymphocytes), natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was investigated. Recombinant adenovirus (AD) containing HSP-gp96 (AD-gp96), as well as gp96-peptide complex from the human leukemia cell lines, K562, HL-60 and U937, was prepared. Purified gp96-peptide complex was found to stimulate the proliferation of T lymphocytes, increase the activity of NK cells and CTLs and induce the secretion of cytokines, compared with ADgp96. In the latter case, levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were found to increase and levels of IL-12(P70) and IL- 10 decreased. In combination, these results indicated that the gp96-peptide complexes derived from the tumor cells contributed to the activation of lymphocytes and increase the presentation of tumor antigen. Furthermore, the chaperone function of gp96 promoted the maturation of DCs, enhanced the antigen presention function of DCs and induced the secretion of cytokines by DCs. Therefore, gp96-peptide complex derived from the tumor cells potentially represents an immunization therapy for the elimination of residual leukemia cells. Key words: Leukemia, heat shock protein gp96, dendritic cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Objective To study the preparation of ST-PLA\PELA block copolymers capsules of submicron.Methods A modified method of emulsion-solvent evaporation was used to synthesize the drug-loaded submicron,which was added the antifreeze and dried by vacuum freeze-drying to form the drug powder.The size and dispersion of the powder were determined.Finally,the capsules were prepared by loading the drug powder into the shell.Results When lactose is twice the amount of the ST submicron and dried under vacuum for 48h,the form of ST submicron could be well kept.Conculsion This method of vacuum freeze-drying is suitable for the preparation of submicron capsules.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of combination of Medilac-S with Bacillus kicheniformis in patients with antibiotic associated diarrhea.Method:Sixty-two hospitalized patients who were diagnosed as antibiotic-associated diarrhea in this study, and were randomly divided into two groups,administrated with Medilac-S(500 mg,tid) plus Bacillus kicheniformis(2 capsules,tid) and single Bacillus kicheniformis(2 capsules,tid),respectively for 14 days.The effects on abdominal pain and diarrhea in each group after treatment have been observed.Result:Compared with monotharephy,the main symptoms in Medilac-S plus Bacillus kicheniformis group improved more significantly,and remission rate in 3rd,7th and 14th day,respectively was much higher(P<0.05),as well as the obvious effective rate and total efficacy rate(P<0.05).Conclusion:The clinical effect of combination of Medilac-S with Bacillus kicheniformis in treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea is remarkable,and this combination therapy should be extensively applied in clinic.

目的 观察比较伊布利特与胺碘酮转复心房扑动/心房颤动的临床疗效.方法 将符合入选标准的29例房扑/房颤患者随机分为伊布利特组(n=15)及胺碘酮组(n=14).伊布利特1mg于15分钟内静注;如无效10分钟后再给予1mg静注;胺碘酮150mg于15分钟内静注;如无效10分钟后再给予75mg静注.结果 伊布利特组转复心房扑动/心房纤颤时间明显短于胺碘酮组;伊布利特组与胺碘酮组分别有9例与5例在给药后0～90分钟内转复为窦性心律,转复率为64.29%和33.33%;伊布利特组与胺碘酮组分别有3例与4例在给药后90分钟至4小时内转复为窦性心律,转复率为60.0%和50.0%.两组相比,差异具有显著性.结论 伊布利特转复房扑/房颤的疗效高于胺碘酮,时间短于胺碘酮.