This paper proposes the design of a compact module integrating a set of eight bandpass filters, each one exhibiting a relative passband of 43%, with central frequencies spanning from 2.55 GHz up to 14.85 GHz. Electrical responses of the filters are optimized so that, apart from their passband, no spurious resonances appear within the 2-18 GHz frequency range. Compactness is achieved thanks to the stacking of the designed filters on several stages of a multilayer stack-up. Originality of this work relies on the combination of multilayered technology together with optimized topology (harmonic control, access transition) to achieve a compact yet electrically highly-performant module.

In this paper, a compact filter based on substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) stubs was designed using an advanced multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) substrate. This technology is convenient to implement high-density interconnect (HDI) devices, which are dedicated to mass market and require to be compact and low cost. In addition, in order to avoid parasitic effects, HDI devices need to be shielded. The laser-drilled microvias used in the low-loss advanced multilayer PCB are the assets that allow the fabrication of compacted and shielded microwave filters. Using this technology, a third-order X-band filter based on SICL stubs was designed. The SICL topology is convenient to be used for shielded devices thanks to the outer-grounded metallization. The filter was implemented in an advanced PCB substrate composed of seven layers of Megtron 6+. The via-holes fabricated with plated through-holes or laser-drilled microvias allow implementing SICL stubs throughout the thickness of the substrate. Measurements of the X-band filter are in a good agreement with the simulation. In comparison with other compact filters, the X-band filter based on SICL stubs has a good footprint reduction while maintaining good electrical performances.

This letter presents a new trade-off between tuning range and Q-factor for a tunable substrate integrated waveguide resonator used to give a bandstop response. The originality of this work lies in the use of an electrically-controlled short-circuit condition that closes the substrate integrated waveguide cavity. Frequency shift is obtained with a varactor diode whereas the substrate integrated waveguide cavity makes it possible to maintain a high Q-factor. This leads to a new trade-off between tuning range (about 2.1%) and electrical performances (unloaded Q-factor around 130-140). An X-band bandstop tunable substrate integrated waveguide resonator was designed, fabricated and measured.

The recent developments in electronic cards such as the network equipment are characterized by the miniaturization of the board size and the increasing complexity of the layout. Because of these requirements, multi-layered printed circuit boards are commonly used and vias connecting signal lines on different layers, or integrated circuit devices to power and ground planes, are frequently used and often essential. However, a via is not an ideal transmission line. Besides, it creates discontinuities at high frequencies leading to high insertion loss degradation of signal which limits the performances of integrated circuit and systems. In this paper, the impacts of coupling between via and parallel-plates cavity on the response of microwave integrated devices are highlighted in the first part. Then, to describe the intrinsic interaction between the via transition and parallel-plate modes, the notion of parallel-plates matrix impedances is presented and new boundary conditions like open or plated through holes shielded boundaries of the cavities are introduced. Then, using this physics-based model, an intuitive equivalent circuit has been developed. Finally, the proposed approach and the equivalent circuits were validated by using comparisons with electromagnetic simulations and measurements in different scenarios.

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Nous illustrons dans ce papier les effets du couplage entre les microvias et les cavites dans les PCB multicouches. Dans un premier temps, nous mettons en evidence, a l'aide de mesures des parametres S, les degradations entrainees par le couplage entre les vias et les cavites creees par les plans metalliques. Ceci est illustre dans le cas d'une double transition realisee a l'aide de microvias empiles, reliant des lignes microrubans placees au niveau M1 a une ligne stripline situee au niveau M3. Nous identifions le probleme et nous proposons ensuite une technique permettant de limiter ces couplages et les degradations des signaux au sein des PCB multicouches. Finalement, nous appliquons cette technique au cas de l'excitation d'un filtre stripline en bande Ka.

In this paper, the effects of the input signal power on microwave planar devices are studied in detail. In this context, a complete multiphysics study is performed, involving the electro-thermo-mechanical coupling in microwave components. For this study, a multiphysics simulator is used. As shown, for moderate input powers, the device transfer function can be altered, mainly in terms of an increase of losses and a frequency shift. Additionally, hot spots are to be appeared, whose location is related to the electromagnetic field distribution of the passive device under test. Guidelines are also provided to estimate the average power handling capability (APHC) of planar components. As an example, the multiphysics analysis of a microstrip coupled-line filter centered at 42 GHz is tackled taken into account different thermal and mechanical boundary conditions.

This paper deals with the design of Q-band filters using a low-cost multilayered Printed Circuit Board (PCB) substrate. In order to meet strong electrical specifications, the Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technique has been used to take profit of the complete build-up of the multilayered PCB. Advanced fabrication techniques of vias and micro-vias have also been developed in this project to implement 4th and 6th-order filters in this technology. The challenge here is to use a standard PCB process to design complex microwave devices that usually require accurate fabrication process and very low tolerances, especially in such frequency ranges. Based on that, two 2.8×8mm2 prototypes have been designed, simulated and fabricated on a 1mm-thick PCB made of copper and blend of high performance resin material. Regarding the results of these filters, measured insertion & return losses are in a very good agreement with the simulation while exhibiting high rejections and low footprint.

In this paper, the average power handling capability (APHC) of microstrip passive circuits considering the metal housing and environment conditions is investigated in detail. A systematic method is proposed for the computation of the APHC of microstrip circuits in open and enclosed metal housing configurations, typically used in microwave components. The method also yields an estimate of the maximum temperature in a microstrip circuit for a given input power. Closed-form equations accounting for external conditions, such as convection or radiation heat transfer are given to evaluate the APHC. For validation, two microstrip bandstop filters centered at 10 GHz are analyzed following the proposed model, and the results are compared with those simulated showing a good agreement. In addition, both circuits are fabricated and characterized. Thermal profile measurements are provided, confirming the predicted results. The effect of the topology layout and the electromagnetic performance on the APHC are also discussed.

Ce papier traite de la conception de filtres planaires coupe-bande realises en technologie microruban et bases sur des lignes couplees court-circuitees. Nous proposons ici une technique originale de symetrisation du masque. Symetriser le masque permet d'adapter simultanement les parametres S11 et S22, ce qui s'avere utile pour adapter un filtre coupe-bande sur une large bande passante. En outre, cela reduit le nombre de parametres d'optimisation (-50%), et, par consequent, le temps d'optimisation. Cette technique de symetrisation est appliquee ici a un filtre d'ordre 7 en bande X concu et fabrique sur alumine. Les mesures sur une large bande de frequences sont egalement presentees.

A hybrid simulation technique to design microwave filters is presented. It is based on electromagnetic (EM) models and circuit elements. EM models are created to perform filter optimization in circuit simulation environment. Thanks to these EM models, optimization and tuning circuit tools can be directly used. Hybrid simulation technique leads to a faster filter optimization process and allows a broadband accuracy. In order to illustrate the efficiency of this technique, a 7th-order X-band bandstop filter has been designed. Then, a EM model of this filter elements have been created and integrated in circuit libraries. Finally the filter response has been optimized with the EM models over a wide frequency range. The hybrid simulation results are in a very good agreement with the whole filter electromagnetic response.

Ce papier presente la synthese d'un filtre planaire large bande base sur une association hybride de resonateurs en serie et en parallele. Les resonateurs en serie sont implementes a l'aide de lignes couplees quart d'onde et les resonateurs en parallele par des stubs demi-onde en parallele. Chaque etape de cette synthese sera detaillee et accompagnee du schema voire de la reponse electrique associes. Les avantages de cette topologie sont, d'une part, une reduction de l'encombrement vis a vis d'une topologie traditionnelle du meme ordre, et d'autre part, l'obtention de zeros de transmission ameliorant la rejection de maniere notable. Nous prendrons l'exemple de filtres a l'ordre 5 et 11 et une realisation d'un filtre d'ordre 5 en bande Ku et en technologie microruban sera presentee. Les performances mesurees sont conformes a celles esperees.

Ce papier presente la conception d'un multiplexeur hyperfrequence planaire decoupant le spectre 2-18 GHz en 16 canaux de 1 GHz chacun. La fonction de multiplexage presentee ici est basee sur un decoupage singulier de la bande 2-18 Ghz impliquant l'utilisation d'une architecture originale. Celle derniere est constituee d'un diviseur de puissance de type Wilkinson, de deux duplexeurs et de quatre quadriplexeurs. Les performances electriques simulees sont satisfaisantes et le decoupage de la bande est operationnel. Les contraintes d'encombrement ont egalement ete prises en compte dans la conception des circuits. Certains des sous-circuits ont ete realises en technologie triplaque et valident les resultats simules.

This paper describes an original filtering solution for specifications in the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) (3.1 to 10.6 GHz). This 7th-order filter is based on an association of series- and parallel-resonators, where open-ended coupled-lines are used as series resonators, and open-ended stepped-impedance half-wavelength stubs as the parallel ones. Addition of open-ended half-wavelength stubs enhanced the rejection level close to the band edges. This UWB filter was realized in microstrip technology on a 254-µm-thick alumina substrate of permittivity 9.9. It was also strongly miniaturized to be put in a 0.32 × 0.32 inch2 Stratedge package and mounted on a FR4 plate for measurements: its insertion loss is 5 dB, and rejection in the lower and the upper bands is 31 and 20 dB, respectively. The measured return losses are better than 11.8 dB.

Ces travaux de these se situent dans le domaine du multiplexage hyperfrequence pour les systemes de telecommunication de Guerre Electronique. Ils s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'une etude portant sur la miniaturisation des solutions actuelles de multiplexage visant a reduire l'encombrement et donc le cout de fabrication de ce type de dispositifs Radar. L'objectif est donc de proposer une alternative aux technologies et architectures classiques de multiplexeurs qui, bien que performantes, pâtissent d'un encombrement et d'un poids prohibitifs pour les systemes aeroportes du futur. Le multiplexage en frequence permet un decoupage d'un spectre electromagnetique en un certain nombre de bandes de frequence (canaux) dont le nombre, la largeur et l'espacement dependent de l'application visee. L'objectif de ces travaux est donc d'etudier la faisabilite d'un multiplexeur en technologie planaire, decoupant la bande 2-18GHz en 16 canaux contigus. L'enjeu de cette etude concerne autant l'architecture globale du composant que le choix de la topologie des differents filtres qui le composent, afin de respecter un cahier des charges tres contraignant en termes de performances electriques ou d'encombrement. La connexion et la cohabitation des differents filtres au sein du multiplexeur est egalement un parametre critique de l'etude, et necessite une attention particuliere. Nous proposons ici un decoupage en frequence singulier impliquant l'utilisation d'une architecture originale de multiplexeur utilisant divers composants passifs tels qu'un diviseur de puissance de type Wilkinson, des duplexeurs ou encore plusieurs quadriplexeurs (banques de quatre filtres). Ces travaux ont donc ete divises en sous-blocs dont nous prouvons, pour chacun d'eux, la faisabilite en technologie planaire. Les duplexeurs utilisent une topologie originale dite fleche dont nous developpons la synthese et les quadriplexeurs HF sont bases sur la topologie DBR developpee au laboratoire. Les quadripexeurs BF sont, quant a eux, bases sur differentes topologies large bande (interdigitee, a stubs CO ou CC). La validite de l'architecture globale proposee est egalement averee. Au cours de cette these, divers outils d'aide a la conception des circuits hyperfrequences complexes ont ete developpes afin de simplifier au maximum le flot de conception classique et donc de diminuer les temps de reglage. Plusieurs realisations et de nombreuses simulations electromagnetiques viennent etayer les resultats et confirmer l'acuite des outils utilises.

This paper deals with the design of a stripline four-channel multiplexer that works in the 11-18 GHz band. It allows the splitting of the input spectrum into four 1-GHz bandwidth channels separated by a 1-GHz band. Good-rejections and -wideband phase management are both ensured by 8th-order Dual Behavior Resonator filters directly interconnected and matched through a single-stub network. To facilitate the overall tuning of this device, new electromagnetic discontinuity models were developed and proved to greatly reduce the EM tuning phase. Finally, a 17.1 cm2-size multiplexer was designed in stripline technology to take profit of its low couplings and high isolation between filters. The performed simulations showed good performances (5 dB in insertion loss and more than 60 dB in wideband rejections).