A series of ureas and substituted parabanic acids containing monoterpene and adamantane fragments were synthesized. It was found that urea containing a (–)-menthone residue, as well as an imidazolidine-2,4,5-trione derivative with a (+)-campholenaldehyde moiety, exhibit analgesic activity.

A new monoterpene–azole hybrid containing myrtenyl- bispidine moiety, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-(7-{[(1R,5S)-6,6- dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl]methyl}-1,5-dimethyl- 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)- propan-2-ol was prepared in six steps with 55% overall yield. The compound was tested against a number of Candida spp. fungi and found to be active against Candida albicans. Molecular docking suggested possible inhibition of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), a membrane enzyme targeted by azole antifungals.

A series of ureas containing adamantane and monoterpenoid residues has been synthesised. All compounds were tested in vitro using a pseudoviral system containing the S glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and infectious SARS-CoV-2 viruses of various strains on its surface. Compound 4a demonstrated high activity against four strains of SARS-CoV-2.

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a DNA repair enzyme that can reduce the efficacy of some anticancer drugs targeting topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) making it a promising target for antitumor therapy when combined with TOP1 poisons. Here we describe the synthesis of a number of adamantane-monoterpene conjugates 20a–g and 21a–g connected through a 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3 H )-imine linker, where acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic structural types of monoterpenes were used. All the synthesized compounds demonstrated activity against TDP1 in micromolar range, with the most potent inhibitor being compound 21a (IC 50 1.2 μM). The cytotoxic effects of these compounds determined in the HEK293A and HeLa cell lines were low to moderate. These findings imply that such compounds are promising for further development of new TDP1 inhibitors with favorable physicochemical properties.

A series of bispidine conjugates bearing monoterpene moieties and either l-proline or l-phenylalanine residues was synthesized. The synthesized bispidines can catalyze asymmetric ethylation of benzaldehydes with diethylzinc. The highest enantioselectivity of the addition reaction (ee 24

The possibility of the complex formation of three bispidines with copper( ii ) chloride and acetate in a deuterated DMF solution was studied by NMR titration. For all ligands, the formation of complexes with copper( ii ) chloride was clearly detected based on the changes in the signals in the proton NMR spectra. The formation of complexes with copper( ii ) acetate was not observed for any of the ligands. The results of the study can be used in the design of metal complex catalysts for the Henry reaction.

Исследована противовоспалительная и анальгетическая активность трех аналогов амантадина 1 - азаадамантанов, содержащих атомы азота в полициклическом каркасе: 5,7-диметил-1,3-диазаадамантан-6-она 2, 6-амино-5,7-диметил-1,3-диазаадамантана 3 и 7-амино-1,3,5-триазаадамантана 4. Эксперименты проводили на самцах мышей линий СD1 и CBA. Соединения вводили внутрибрюшинно в дозах 20 и 50 мг/кг. Противовоспалительную активность определяли на стандартных моделях гистаминового и конканавалинового воспаления с введением флогогенов в апоневроз задней лапы. Для оценки анальгетической активности использовали тесты "горячая пластина" и "уксусные корчи". Показано, что введение гетероатомов в адамантановое ядро не уменьшает противовоспалительную активность диазаадамантанов (2, 3) и усиливает таковую у триазаадамантана (4) по сравнению с амантадином. Модификация адамантанового остова атомами азота приводит к изменению анальгетических свойств молекулы, что проявляется в гипералгезии в тесте "уксусные корчи". Данный феномен предположительно связан с влиянием азааналогов амантадина на ноцигенные каналы переменного рецепторного потенциала (TRPV1). The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of three azaadamantane analogues of amantadine 1 was investigated. The tested azaadamantanes containing nitrogen atoms in the polycyclic framework were: 5,7-dimethyl-1,3-diazaadamantane-6-one 2, 6-amino-5,7-dimethyl-1,3-diazaadamantane 3 and 7-amino-1,3,5-triazaadamantane 4. Experiments were carried out on male mice of CD1 and CBA lines. Compounds were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied on the standard models of inflammatory edema induced by histamine or concanavaline inflammation by injecting the phlogogens in the aponeurosis of the hind paw of mice. The analgesic activity was assessed using the hot plate and acetic writhing tests. It is shown that the introduction of heteroatoms into the adamantane core does not reduce the anti-inflammatory activity of diazaadamantanes (2, 3) and enhances that of triazaadamantane (4) compared to amantadine. Modification of the adamantane backbone with nitrogen atoms leads to a change in the analgesic properties of the molecule, which is manifested as hyperalgesia in the acetic writhing test. This phenomenon is presumably related to the effect of azaadamantanes on nocigenic transient receptor potential channels (TRPV1).

The synthesis of urea and thiourea containing adamantane and campholene fragments was performed starting from adamant-1-yl isocyanate, adamant-1-yl isothiocyanate and campholenyl amine. The synthesised compounds were modified to their oxalyl derivatives, which may be of interest for biological activity screening.

A series of new (thio)semicarbazones containing adamantane and 3,7-dimethyloctyl fragments was synthesized. The configuration of imine bond was proposed based on the characteristic signals of 1 Н and 13 С NMR spectra simulated by quantum-chemical calculations.

The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of three azaadamantane analogues of amantadine 1 was investigated. The tested azaadamantanes containing nitrogen atoms in the polycyclic framework were: 5,7-dimethyl-1,3-diazaadamantane-6-one 2, 6-amino-5,7-dimethyl-1,3-diazaadamantane 3 and 7-amino-1,3,5-triazaadamantane 4. Experiments were carried out on male mice of CD1 and CBA lines. Compounds were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied on the standard models of inflammatory edema induced by histamine or concanavaline inflammation by injecting the phlogogens in the aponeurosis of the hind paw of mice. The analgesic activity was assessed using the hot plate and acetic writhing tests. It is shown that the introduction of heteroatoms into the adamantane core does not reduce the anti-inflammatory activity of diazaadamantanes (2, 3) and enhances that of triazaadamantane (4) compared to amantadine. Modification of the adamantane backbone with nitrogen atoms leads to a change in the analgesic properties of the molecule, which is manifested as hyperalgesia in the acetic writhing test. This phenomenon is presumably related to the effect of azaadamantanes on nocigenic transient receptor potential channels (TRPV1).

Исходя из адамант-1-илизоцианата, адамант-1-илизотиоцианата, а также камфолениламина осуществлен синтез мочевин и тиомочевин, содержащих одновременно адамантановый и монотерпеновый камфоленовый фрагменты. Полученные соединения модифицированы в оксалилпроизводные, которые могут представлять интерес для скрининга биологической активности. The synthesis of urea and thiourea containing adamantane and campholene fragments was performed starting from adamant-1-yl isocyanate, adamant-1-yl isothiocyanate and campholenyl amine. The synthesised compounds were modified to their oxalyl derivatives, which may be of interest for biological activity screening.

Multidrug resistance is the dominant obstacle to effective chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms. It is well known that neoplastic cells use a wide range of adaptive mechanisms to form and maintain resistance against antitumor agents, which makes it urgent to identify promising therapies to solve this problem. Hydroxamic acids are biologically active compounds and in recent years have been actively considered to be potentially promising drugs of various pharmacological applications. In this paper, we synthesized a number of hydroxamic acids containing a p-substituted cinnamic acid core and bearing bicyclic pinane fragments, including derivatives of (−)-myrtenol, (+)-myrtenol and (−)-nopol, as a Cap-group. Among the synthesized compounds, the most promising hydroxamic acid was identified, containing a fragment of (−)-nopol in the Cap group 18c. This compound synergizes with cisplatin to increase its anticancer effect and overcomes cisplatin resistance, which may be associated with the inhibition of histone deacetylase 1 and glycolytic function. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the use of hydroxamic acids with a bicyclic pinane backbone can be considered to be an effective approach to the eradication of tumor cells and overcoming drug resistance in the treatment of malignant neoplasms.

Novel monoterpene-based hydroxamic acids of two structural types were synthesized for the first time. The first type consisted of compounds with a hydroxamate group directly bound to acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpene scaffolds. The second type included hydroxamic acids connected with the monoterpene moiety through aliphatic (hexa/heptamethylene) or aromatic linkers. An in vitro analysis of biological activity demonstrated that some of these molecules had powerful HDAC6 inhibitory activity, with the presence of a linker area in the structure of compounds playing a key role. In particular, it was found that hydroxamic acids containing a hexa- and heptamethylene linker and (-)-perill fragment in the Cap group exhibit excellent inhibitory activity against HDAC6 with IC50 in the submicromolar range from 0.56 ± 0.01 µM to 0.74 ± 0.02 µM. The results of the study of antiradical activity demonstrated the presence of moderate ability for some hydroxamic acids to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2ROO• radicals. The correlation coefficient between the DPPH radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value was R2 = 0.8400. In addition, compounds with an aromatic linker based on para-substituted cinnamic acids, having a monocyclic para-menthene skeleton as a Cap group, 35a, 38a, 35b and 38b, demonstrated a significant ability to suppress the aggregation of the pathological β-amyloid peptide 1-42. The 35a lead compound with a promising profile of biological activity, discovered in the in vitro experiments, demonstrated neuroprotective effects on in vivo models of Alzheimer’s disease using 5xFAD transgenic mice. Together, the results obtained demonstrate a potential strategy for the use of monoterpene-derived hydroxamic acids for treatment of various aspects of Alzheimer’s disease.

Despite the fact that the variola virus is considered eradicated, the search for new small molecules with activity against orthopoxviruses remains an important task, especially in the context of recent outbreaks of monkeypox. As a result of this work, a number of amides of benzoic acids containing an adamantane fragment were obtained. Most of the compounds demonstrated activity against vaccinia virus, with a selectivity index SI = 18,214 for the leader compound 18a. The obtained derivatives also demonstrated activity against murine pox (250 ≤ SI ≤ 6071) and cowpox (125 ≤ SI ≤ 3036). A correlation was obtained between the IC50 meanings and the binding energy to the assumed biological target, the p37 viral protein with R2 = 0.60.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial infection annually affects large segments of the population around the world. Despite the ease of clinical manifestations in most adults, for children under two years of age, this disease is a serious danger, leading to the development of severe bronchiolitis, even death. AIM: The aim of this study was to search for drugs with antiviral activity among adamantane derivatives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preparations of the group of adamantane derivatives were synthesized in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Compounds of the N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of the compounds were studied in HEp-2 cell culture using the MTT test and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: There were no drugs with high antiviral properties against RSV in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the absence of drugs with pronounced anti-RSV properties, the information obtained in the course of the work can be used for a targeted search for antitumor substances.

To date, compounds having an adamantane moiety have found wide application in the pharmaceutical indus-try. Despite the fact that most biologically active adamantyl-bearing derivatives contain substituents in the first position of the adamantane molecule, some derivatives with substituents in the second position have also shown valuable pharmacological properties. While 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid is an inexpensive and commercially available reagent, its 2-substituted analogue is substantially less available, and therefore, the development and optimization of approaches to the synthesis of 2-adamantanecarboxylic acid are of great importance. In this work, a three-stage method for the synthesis of 2-adamantanecarboxylic acid has been optimized, based on the Corey- Chaykovsky reaction of 2-adamantanone with trimethylsulphoxonium iodide in the presence of potassium hy-droxide, followed by acid-catalyzed opening of the oxirane ring and oxidation of aldehyde 9 to the target carbox-ylic acid. The total yield of the target product is 70 %.

Inhibiting tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a promising strategy for increasing the effectiveness of existing antitumor therapy since it can remove the DNA lesions caused by anticancer drugs, which form covalent complexes with topoisomerase 1 (TOP1). Here, new adamantane–monoterpene conjugates with a 1,2,4-triazole or 1,3,4-thiadiazole linker core were synthesized, where (+)-and (−)-campholenic and (+)-camphor derivatives were used as monoterpene fragments. The campholenic derivatives 14a–14b and 15a–b showed activity against TDP1 at a low micromolar range with IC50 ~5–6 μM, whereas camphor-containing compounds 16 and 17 were ineffective. Surprisingly, all the compounds synthesized demonstrated a clear synergy with topotecan, a TOP1 poison, regardless of their ability to inhibit TDP1. These findings imply that different pathways of enhancing topotecan toxicity other than the inhibition of TDP1 can be realized.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with memory impairment and other central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Two myrtenal–adamantane conjugates (MACs) showed excellent CNS potential against Alzheimer’s models. Adamantane is a common pharmacophore for drug design, and myrtenal (M) demonstrated neuroprotective effects in our previous studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the MACs’ neuroprotective properties in dementia. Methods: Scopolamine (Scop) was applied intraperitoneally in Wistar rats for 11 days, simultaneously with MACs or M as a referent, respectively. Brain acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, noradrenaline and serotonin levels, and oxidative brain status determination followed behavioral tests on memory abilities. Molecular descriptors and docking analyses for AChE activity center affinity were performed. Results: M derivatives have favorable physicochemical parameters to enter the CNS. Both MACs restored memory damaged by Scop, showing significant AChE-inhibitory activity in the cortex, in contrast to M, supported by the modeling analysis. Moderate antioxidant properties were manifested by glutathione elevation and catalase activity modulation. MACs also altered noradrenaline and serotonin content in the hippocampus. Conclusion: For the first time, neuroprotective properties of two MACs in a rat dementia model were observed. They were stronger than the natural M effects, which makes the substances promising candidates for AD treatment.

The applicability of N,N-substituted bispidines as ligands of metal complex catalysts for the ethynylation reac-tion was demonstrated on the addition of phenylacetylene to 4-fluorobenzaldehyde. It was shown that the N,N- myrtenyl-substituted bispidinone led to a slight enantioselectivity in the formation of the corresponding propar-gyl alcohols.