油页岩是一种新型的能源材料,可以通过低温干馏制备相关化工产品,也可以采用直接燃烧进行发电.但由于油页岩中含油量仅为8％～13％左右,导致使用后产生大量的废渣,而目前对废渣的使用率较低,使得许多矿化度较高的废渣堆积于大气环境中,不但污染环境,而且也是一种资源浪费.本文基于以上原因,采用混炼硫化法,以油页岩渣为填料,以橡胶为基质材料,制备了油页岩渣/橡胶复合材料,并探讨了油页岩渣的颗粒粒径和填充量对复合材料相关性能的影响.结果表明:当粒度为2.005μm(球磨2h),填充量为10份时,复合材料拉伸强度最大为8.960MPa,效果最佳.

食用色素作为重要的食品添加剂,广泛应用于食品、医药及日用化工等领域,其需求量日增.目前人工合成色素多属于苯胺类化合物,有致癌和诱导染色体变异的作用,对人体健康造成严重威胁,因而其使用越来越受到严格的限制[1].天然色素以其自然的色泽、安全无毒且具有一定的营养和药理保健作用而备受人们青睐,研究工作十分活跃,发展也较快[2,3].

AIM:To compare three different solvent extraction procedures affecting the extraction rate of polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.). METHODS: We used single factor experiments, optimized the extraction process of polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) by alkali solution and ethanol-alkali solution, respectively, and contrasted the two methods with the water extraction method that had been reported, determined the extraction rate of polysaccharide by optimum condition of three kinds of solvent. RESULTS: These results showed that ethanol-alkali extraction procedure had the highest extraction rate, 1.12 times more than water extraction procedure and 1.06 times more than alkali extraction procedure. CONCLUSION: Ethanol-alkali extraction procedure is a high effective and stable for polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.).

目的:比较3种不同溶剂提取的五味子多糖的抗氧化和抑菌作用。方法:通过多糖对O2-.和.OH的抑制作用来确定多糖的抗氧化效果,通过抑菌圈实验来确定多糖的抑菌效果。结果:醇碱法所提取的五味子多糖的抗氧化效果优于水提法和碱水法所得多糖,而抑菌效果则没有明显差异。结论:醇碱法是一种所得多糖抗氧化效果和抑菌效果较好的五味子多糖提取方法。

Schisandra red pigment was extracted with acid ethanol (pH=3) extraction method,by which the effects of three extraction factors including extraction temperature,time and the ratio of material to extraction solvent on the rate of extraction were studied.With the extracting rate of Schisandra red pigment as main indicator,the extracting process was studied by orthogonal test to optimize the acid ethanol(pH=3) extraction method.The optimum extracting procedure of Schisandra red pigment was extracted with ethanol 5fould volume of acid as extracting agent for 2 h at 75 ℃.Schisandra red pigment was identified to be indole pigment through FT-IR spectra.