玉米作为一种常见粮食作物,在我国北方地区种植广泛,主要是因为玉米能够适应北方特殊环境和土壤条件.免耕施肥播种机作为一种新型农用工具,具有高效、省时、省力等特点,和传统的播种工具相比,更具实用性,更能减轻农业的耕种压力.生产实践表明:玉米生产机械化,不仅可以减轻农民的劳动强度,有效争抢农时,抵御自然灾害的影响,而且可以确保农艺措施到位,扩大种植面积,提高玉米产量;在玉米生产中应用秸秆粉碎覆盖玉米免耕施肥播种机,可以完成耕种,将秸秆粉碎,为土地提供养分,提高生产效率和产量.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">使用基于线性CCD传感器的混药浓度检测装置对混药的浓度进行在线检测,在喷雾流量为3.2 L/min时对该检测装置进行标定,给出每种标定浓度下,每个像素点随采样时间的灰度值图。选用灰度值数据变异系数小于5%的第32～120号像素点作为有效像素点,用有效灰度值表示浓度。将每种浓度的胭脂红溶液下采集的50组有效值数据平均值与标准浓度采用最小二乘法对数拟合,得到有效灰度值与浓度之间的曲线关系,其相关系数为0.978 5。使用标定后的装置检测标准浓度溶液,每种标准浓度下记录连续的5组实测浓度,5组实测浓度间的变异系数均小于1.38%,说明检测装置稳定性较高。每种浓度下实测的5组浓度值的平均值与标准浓度之间的偏差均不大于0.018 4 g/L,相对误差均不大于3.081%,优于使用平均灰度值表征浓度的检测方法。</span>

针对目前我国施肥施药机械存在作业精度差、肥药利用率低等问题,设计了一种大宽幅对行施肥施药车,通过采用幅宽拓展机构实现大宽幅作业,机具集成了3组施肥施药组件,每组施肥施药组件安装有10组施肥头与施药头,完全展开后的作业幅宽为7.5m,可同时对30行农作物进行施肥施药,停止作业后左右两侧的施肥施药组件可收拢至机身两侧,便于机具的道路行走和安放;采用对行调节机构实现施肥施药喷头与作物间的距离在0～140mm范围内可调;采用高度可调机构实现施药喷头距地高度在0.1～1.2m范围内可调,满足不同施药高度需要;基于液压技术设计了机具的液压驱动系统,机具的作业幅宽、对行距离和高度调节动作的实现均采用液压系统驱动;施药采用下倾式风送气力喷雾,利用气流提高农作物间的扰动量,提高药液的穿透力,使用Solidworks软件建立风送喷雾系统的3维模型,并利用Ansys中的Fluent模块对风送喷雾系统进行了仿真分析,计算得出最佳进气速率为0.9 kg·s-1;基于PLC设计了作业控制系统,控制模块的核心控制器采用西门于S7-200PLC,实现了机具操作的自动化控制;试制了施肥施药车样机,试验结果表明:各调节动作运行正常,各施药喷头的距出气口中心40cm处的射流核心速度均值为18.56m·s-1,标准差为0.087,气流速度分布均匀,机具设计合理.

As a new technology in the field of agricultural plant protection, spraying by unmanned helicopter with large load has the advantages of high spraying efficiency, wide application range, low operation cost and less environmental pollution. The characteristics of flow and deposition in spraying process of uavs with large load were studied, which can provide theoretical basis for optimizing spraying parameters of uavs, and further improve spraying quality of uavs.

在当今的大学校园,专业社团不但具有普通社团的兴趣社交功能,还能够激发学生强烈的求知欲望,给大学生的专业技能训练提供平台.文章通过分析专业社团存在的问题,提出加强专业社团建设促进学生专业技能培养的措施.

实施乡村振兴战略,农业机械转型升级是不可或缺的重要环节,也是现代农业发展的物质基础.江苏省农业机械化水平处于全国前列,随着农业现代化的不断推进,对农业机械的需求不断提升.基于江苏省农业机械化应用和农业机械产业现状,结合江苏省乡村振兴战略对农机的需求,指出江苏省农业机械化和农机制造业存在的问题,探究江苏省农业机械转型升级发展的路径并提出对策,以期为江苏省农机化发展提供参考.

专业社团作为大学生社团的重要组成部分,除具有一般社团的作用外,还是校园文化建设的重要载体,为大学生提供了培养专业兴趣、进行专业实践的平台.通过对比研究江苏农牧科技职业学院数控162班中参与无人机航模社团与不参与学生的平均成绩、专业课成绩及获奖情况,分析专业社团对专业人才培养的促进作用.

介绍了螺杆马达的工作原理,研究分析了单头螺杆马达转子的自转及公转规律.利用MATLAB仿真工具中的Simulink软件包仿真了马达的运动规律并导出运动参数,再将数据导入到ADAMS中建立AKISPL样条函数,驱动马达转子运转,模拟出了螺杆马达在工况状态下的运转状态.

柴油车辆分为农用车、商用车、工程机械等,在性能要求方面更注重承载能力和扭矩的输出,车桥系统作为整车质量支撑和减速增距的关键部件,其安装和布置工艺对整车的性能有着至关重要的作用.本文主要介绍了柴油车辆车桥系统的布置与安装工艺要求,包含前桥、后桥、传动轴、制动系统、车轮、悬架等,为主机厂技术人员学习作为参考.

江苏农业机械化水平居全国前列,农业现代化发展也走在全国前列,智能农业装备技术作为引领农业现代化发展的新的推动因素,将带动农业向更高阶段的发展.因此,发展智能农业装备是江苏省现代农业向纵深发展、加快转型发展的切实需要,同时作为农业发展方式转变的重要突破点,智能农业装备必然要与农业发展方式转变相协调,才能有效的推进农业装备的发展.

柴油车辆的排气系统设计布置是车辆动力总成设计时较为重要的部分,噪声控制是柴油车辆排气系统所要实现的主要功能,但噪声的控制会影响发动机的动力性能,因此排气系统的部件在设计和位置布置时,要满足排气系统的排气特性.文章阐述了排气系统中消声器、排气口、排气管路、排气制动等部件的设计和布置要点,并对系统隔热、试装后检查等做了介绍,希望能为行业人士工程实践提供参考.

我国的职业教育模式逐渐科学化,很多高职院校都以实际的院校发展需求为准,对职业教育机制进行了改变,将形式更为多样化的职校教育活动提供给学生 开展职业技能竞赛可以激发职校生的技能学习兴趣,同时培养学生的竞争意识,切实提升其技能水平.在开展这类竞赛活动时,专业社团具有一定的促进作用.本文对专业社团在技能竞赛中的作用加以解析.

课程体系是人才培养方案中的一个重要内容,是教学模式中的核心.随着现代农业的发展,新技术不断应用在农业装备中,对农业装备的人才也提出了新的要求.从目前现代农业发展的趋势和特征着手,分析农业装备应用技术专业课程体系现状和存在问题,提出适应新发展的农业装备专业课程体系改革建议.

联合收割机的拨禾轮是其工作重要组成部分,在进行联合机拨禾轮转速自动控制系统设计中需要重点分析拨禾轮工作过程.为此,在拨禾轮工作基础上展开分析,针对工作过程建立运动数学模型,确定其相关技术参数,选择电机功率及型号,并在拨禾轮转速控制过程中采用以87C196KC单片机为基础的控制核心实现整个控制过程的自动化.本设计中的拨禾轮轮速控制系统主要通过三相交流电作为电源,结合87CI96KC单片机组成核心控制系统,并设置稳压电路、同步电路及放大电路等组成部分,确保自动控制系统发挥其功能.

Soil subsoiling is currently the most widely used method for soil loosening, which can break the hard bottom of soil. At present, soil subsoiling operations mainly use shovel subsoiler, which has common problems like poor subsoiling effect, uneven soil disturbance and high energy consumption. In this context, a new subsoiling technology, gas explosion subsoiling, is studied in this paper, which injects high pressure gas into the soil to cause fissures, thereby breaking the bottom soil and achieving the purpose of subsoiling. In order to clarify the subsoiling effect of gas explosion on soil, an orthogonal test with the gas explosion parameters like pressure, depth and volume was designed. The soil block used in test was in standard size of 100 cm × 50 cm (diameter × height). The soil fissures and disturbance situation on the soil section were observed through the cross-sectional treatment method, and the influence of gas explosion parameters on soil fissure extension was analyzed. Then, the soil fissure trace equation and soil disturbance model were established based on the 9 orthogonal test results calculated by OriginPro software and Auto2Fit software. The effect of soil damage form on the impact of soil subsoiling was discussed based on Mohr-Coulomb soil strength theory and Rankine's earth pressure theory. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the greater the gas explosion pressure, the deeper the gas explosion depth; the more the gas volume, the better the soil subsoiling effect. The soil fissure trace equation was a quadratic function and the soil disturbance area was parabolic. This research provided a model and method for studying the soil fissure trace equation, and the soil hardness in the equation could be used as a variable for the soil type, so the soil fissure trace equation was applicable to most types of soils. The soil was mainly subjected to pulling damage when the gas explosion depth was less than 25 cm, the soil surface tended to rise at the gas splitting force of 0.17 MPa and the disturbance coefficient of 50%, and the center of soil fissure was the gas explosion center. The soil was mainly subjected to shear damage when the gas explosion depth was more than 25 cm, the soil surface elevation was not obvious at the gas splitting force of 0.39 MPa and the soil disturbance coefficient of more than 50%, and meanwhile the center of soil fissure moved downward, and the downward displacement increased with the increase of gas explosion pressure. What was more, the effect of shear damage on soil subsoiling was better than that of pulling damage. Therefore, soil shear damage should occur as much as possible in design of gas explosion technological parameters, which played a significant role in promoting the expansion of soil fissures and increasing the degree of soil loosening. When the gas explosion depth was 25 cm, the soil damage would be the joint action of pulling and shear, and the degrees of these 2 kinds of damages were equivalent, which was conducive to the horizontal expansion of soil fissures. In addition, the gas explosion pressure was not as high as possible, and higher pressure gas source had a higher technical requirement on gas storage and booster device, and also a longer time for gas collection, which was not conducive to long-term working operation. The data optimization results showed that 1 MPa gas explosion pressure and 30 cm gas explosion depth were more appropriate, and under the condition the soil subsoiling effect was remarkable with the soil disturbance coefficient of 79.5%. The results can provide theoretical basis for the optimization of gas explosion subsoiling parameters.

大中型客车在寒带地区运营时,靠发动机余热无法满足乘客的舒适度要求,目前普遍的做法是布置独立热源,采用汽油或柴油在加热器中燃烧产生热量来加热客车车厢中的空气,其中水暖加热系统产生的暖风舒适度较好,在高档大中型客车中被较多使用.本文阐述了水暖加热系统的结构和主要设备的布置安装要求,并介绍了客车水暖加热系统在日常使用中的维护要点.

本文设计了一种轴管传动式双轴旋耕机,通过使用轴管和弧形锥齿轮传动代替传统的不等速十字万向节和直齿圆柱齿轮传动箱进行动力传递,优化了传动部件;通过双轴旋耕使耕深达到20cm以上,满足了秸秆全量还田的要求;使用CATIA软件对整个机具进行设计和三维建模,并利用Ansys[s1]workbench软件对关键零部件进行了有限元分析,分析结果均很好地满足要求,为机具的试验和生产提供了预测和指导.

This paper establishes the entire vehicle virtual prototyping model of A-class car based on ADAMS and according to GB/T 6323.3-94 vehicle controllability and stability test procedure for automobiles,does steering wheel angle step,return ability and steady static circular simulation test of the entire vehicle dynamic model to get the controllability and stability of the car.According to the QC/T480-1999 criterion thresholds and evaluation of controllability and stability for automobile,it also calculates this vehicle operation stability criterion limiting value which is used to evaluate the score.Finally,the simulation results are compared with the real vehicle road test results,in order to verify the feasibility of the virtual model simulation test in the vehicle design.

冷却系统对于商用车的可靠运转非常关键,对提高商用车整车的性能以及延长使用年限都有帮助.阐述了商用车冷却系统布置设计的前期准备,散热器的选型与布置、冷却风扇的选型与布置、风扇护风罩的设计、膨胀水箱的设计与布置、冷却系统管路的布置等发动机冷却系统具体设计内容.介绍了冷却系统整车验证试验项目.对于指导工程实践具有实际应用意义.

随着国家对农业机械排放标准的提高,国三电控发动机普遍应用到农业领域.国三电控发动机的故障诊断与维修有别于国二发动机,主要区别集中在电控系统.通过介绍博世高压共轨系统燃油喷射系统的组成构造、发动机自诊断内容,阐述了日常维修电控发动机的步骤、原则以及常规故障的诊断和维修方法,以期为农机手的电控发动机维修提供参考.