Introduction. Determining closely related impure species when confirming the authenticity of medicinal plant raw materials (mprms) is a very difficult and controversial task, especially for crushed and powdered mprms. One of such objects is the three-part beggarticks, which is prone to polymorphism and occupies the same area with the nodding beggarticks, the Spanish needles and the devil's beggarticks. Objective: to conduct a comparative pharmacognostic analysis of species of the genus Bidens L., which can be collected together with the pharmacopoeial species – three-part beggarticks. Material and methods. The objects of study were dried herbs of three-part beggarticks (Bidens tripartita L.), nodding beggarticks (Bidens cernua L.), Spanish needles (Bidens bipinnata L.), and devil's beggarticks (Bidens frondosa L.), collected in the Moscow region in 2020–2021. In this work, we studied the anatomical and morphological structure of leaves, as the most preferred part from a diagnostic point of view. The study of anatomical and morphological characteristics was carried out in accordance with the General Pharmacopoeial Monograph of the Russian Federation State Pharmacopoeia XIV 1.5.1.0003.15 “Leaves”. Results. A comparative description of the anatomical-diagnostic external and microscopic characteristics of the Bidens leaves has been obtained. Bidens tripartita and Bidens frondosa are higher than others. In contrast to the impure species, the Bidens tripartita has the largest deeply trifid, irregular serrated leaves, more pronounced tortuosity of the epidermal cells of the upper side of the leaf, multicellular thin-walled caterpillar-like and simple thick-walled hairs are combined, and the secretory canals in the mesophyll located along the vein. Conclusion. Among the studied Bidens species, each has characteristic features of its morphological and anatomical structure. These specific features can be used to establish the authenticity of the mprms and distinguish it from impure Bidens species, which require further research.

The pectoral species No 1 (phytopectol No 1) is widely used in Russian medicinal practice. Pectoral species No 1 (PS No 1) contains coltsfoot leaves (Tussilaginisfarfarae folia), marshmallow roots (Althaeae radices), oregano herb (Origani vulgaris herba). This research aims to determine the flavonoid profile of PS No 1. These biologically active compounds (BAC) can have pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial. The UPLC/PDA/MS/MS method was used for flavonoids’ determination. Chromatographic system: ultra-performance liquid chromatograph Waters Acquity (Waters Corporation, USA). Column: 2.1×150 mm Acquity UPLC BEH (Bridged Ethylene Hybrid) C18 (particle size – 1.7 µm). The column temperature and the injection volume were 35 °C and 5 µL, respectively. Mobile phase A – a mixture of water, acetonitrile, and formic acid (95:5:0.1). Mobile phase B – a mixture of acetonitrile and formic acid (100:0.1). A gradient program was used for elution. Results: The pectoral species No 1 was established to contain various flavonoids as apigenin 7-O-β-glucuronide, luteolin 7,4'-diglucuronide-3'-glycoside, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, luteolin 7-O-[β-D-glucuronosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronide]-4'-O-β-D-glucuronide, rutin. Some derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids, isochlorogenic acid C (4,5-dicaffoylquinic acid), isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-dicaffoylquinic acid), 3,4,5-tricaffoylquinic acid were also identified in the herbal tea. Conclusions: The polyphenolic complex of pectoral species No. 1 was described; it was rich in flavonoids (flavonols and flavones) and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The reported anti-inflammatory effect of the mixture herbal product (herbal tea) might be due to high flavonoid content. Thus, we recommend the flavonoids to be chosen as an active marker for the standardization of pectoral species No 1.

Introduction. Yellow wood anemone (Anemone ranunculoides L.) is a herbaceous perennial. This plant grows in the European parts of Russia, Ciscaucasia, Siberia, Central Europe and other regions. It has many different pharmacological activities: immunomodulatory, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antitoxic, diuretic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and antirheumatic activity. These various effects are due to their biologically active compounds, which include ephemeroids, protoanemonin, saponins, tannins, resins, ascorbic acid, ranunculin, oils lipids and triterpene glycosides. As to phenolic compounds, currently there is no sufficient information on flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) profiles in different species of genus Anemone. Because these groups of compounds are quite specific for yellow wood anemone, their detailed study seems to be relevant.Aim. The objective of this research is to identify and quantify flavonoids, HCAs, and their conjugates in Yellow wood anemone leaves, flowers and rhizomes with roots.Materials and methods. The identification was carried out by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC–DAD–ESI-MS) with quantification of individual compounds by external calibration method.Results and discussion. Among the 47 compounds, 30 flavonoids and 17 derivatives of HCAs were detected. Quercetin glycosides were found to be the major flavonoids in aerial parts whereas chalcone glycosides – in underground parts. The major HCA in rhizomes with roots was feruloyltartaric acid (1.18 mg/g) whereas chlorogenic acid was predominant in leaves and flowers (8.68 mg/g and 2.62 mg/g accordingly). The total content of phenolic compounds was estimated at 60 mg/g on a dry weight basis.Conclusion. As a result of the research a detailed profile of flavonoids and HCAs acids of anemon was described. The data obtained can serve to identify this species in the standardization of medicinal plant materials and taxonomic studies.

The infusion from the aerial part of common lady’s mantle Alchemilla vulgaris L. injected preliminarily for 5 d exhibited neuroprotective properties by normalizing conditioned reflexes and orientational-exploratory behavior indicators of animals after hypoxic exposure. Infusion at a dose of 5 mL/kg was the most active. A. vulgaris infusion at a dose of 5 mL/kg with activation of lipid peroxidation after hypoxic action normalized the content of thiobarbiturate-reactive products in brain homogenate and reduced the concentration of antiradical antioxidants in the lipid extract.

Improvement of the quality requirements for the herbal pharmaceutical substances is the basis for the safety and efficacy of drugs produced from it. Modern diagnostic methods made it possible to clarify and to elaborate the regulatory requirements for Fructus Carvi, Fructus Foeniculi and Fructus Anisi vulgaris and to create innovated pharmacopoeial articles.

Установлено, что настой надземной части манжетки обыкновенной Alchemilla vulgaris L. при предварительном введении в течение 5 дней проявляет нейропротекторные свойства, нормализуя условно-рефлекторную деятельность и показатели ориентировочно-исследовательского поведения животных после гипоксического воздействия. Наиболее выраженную активность проявляет настой в дозе 5 мл/кг. В условиях активации перекисного окисления липидов после гипоксического воздействия настой манжетки в дозе 5 мл/кг нормализует содержание тиобарбитурат-реактивных продуктов в гомогенате головного мозга, снижает концентрацию антирадикальных антиоксидантов экстракта липидов.

In the review are presented the relationship between a rich chemical composition with the breadth of the therapeutic activity of the Alchemilla vulgaris herb. The drugs, based on the Alchemilla vulgaris raw material are widely used medical application is prevention and maintenance in geriatrics, as a lymphotropic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, nootropic, hemorheological, wound-healing, antioxidant, antispasmodic and a mild diuretic remedy for prevention and maintenance therapy in case of the imbalance of the cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, endocrine, immune, excretory and bone systems.

A comparative study of the biologically active compounds (BAC) composition of alcoholic extracts of leaves and fruits was carried out by GLC-MS. It is shown that the BAC composition of leaves of Hedera caucasica is more extensive: the structure of 22 following compounds was determined: pinene, catechol, germacrene, sinapic alcohol, phytol, falkarinol, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and their esters; stigmasterol, lupeol, sitosterol, panaxadiol and panaxinon. The last three compounds - panaxidol, panaxinon and sitosterol - were not found in fruit extract.

Improvement of the quality requirements for the herbal pharmaceutical substances is the basis for the safety and efficacy of drugs produced from it. Modern diagnostic methods made it possible to clarify and to elaborate the regulatory requirements for Fructus Carvi, Fructus Foeniculi and Fructus Anisi vulgaris and to create innovated pharmacopoeial articles.