The morphofunctional state of the small intestine was studied on a tourniquet shock model. The development of postischemic toxemia is followed by disorders of microcirculation leading to irreversible changes in the small intestine. The processes are associated with an increase of the proteolytic activity of the intestinal contents. An oral administration of andecaline prevents ischemia of the intestine, contributes to the preservation of its mucosa.

It was shown that alpha 2-macroglobulin (50 mg/kg, 30 min before revascularization of previously ischemized extremities) significantly inhibits the blood serum proteolytic activity and exerts similarly to contrykal (10,000 U/kg) the correcting effect on the level of arterial blood pressure and parameters of the blood flow in the kidneys, intestine and previously ischemized extremities.

It was shown in Wistar male rats that the development of tourniquet shock was followed by an increase of proteolytic activity in the blood by 3 times, activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 3 times, that of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 6 times, contents of urea and residual nitrogen by 2.5-3 times; level of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) decreased by 4 times and that of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2MG) by 2.5 times. At administration of contrykal (10,000 U/kg) proteolytic activity increased only by 32.5%, content of alpha 1-PI decreased only by 10-20% and level of alpha 2-MG did not differ from that in healthy animals. Activity of AST and ALT remained high, and contents of urea and residual nitrogen were near-normal.

It was shown on Wistar rats that trypsin and kallikrein decrease the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen content and increase the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in neutrophils.

The paper deals with analysis of modern literature on origin of basophils and basophilic blood granulocytes. Data of radioimmunologic, electron-microscopic, cytochemical and morphological studies make it possible to conclude that these cells are of bonemarrow origin.

Cell populations of mice lungs have been studied for variations in the lavage and lumen of the alveoli. The development of the tourniquet shock induces a decrease in the number of macrophages and lymphocyte and an increase in the number of neutrophils, erythrocytes and epithelium cells. Application of the proteolysis enzyme inhibitors is found to stabilize the bronchoalveolar barrier and to prevent these changes.