Abstract Viral diseases cause severe losses commonly and become one of main global limiting factors in pepper production. Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) are the dominant viruses damaging pepper in South China. To detect these viruses efficiently, a developed multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was established. Four pairs of specific primers were used to amplify a 990 bp product for PMMoV, a 923 bp product for ChiVMV, a 823 bp product for PVMV, and a 682 bp product for CMV. The optimal primer concentration, the optimal reaction annealing temperature and cycle number were determined. The developed multiplex RT-PCR could detect PMMoV, ChiVMV, CMV and PVMV from cDNA diluted up to 10–4, 10–4, 10–3 and 10–3, respectively. Then it was sucessfully used to detect virus infection from eight mixed pepper leaf samples. The result were basically consistent with that of monoplex RT-PCR. Additionally, seventy-five diseased samples collected from nine major pepper growing regions in Guangxi were analyzed by the developed multiplex RT-PCR. The results showed that most of samples were coinfected by two or more viruses, and ChiVMV and PVMV had relatively higher total detection rates of 65.33% and 60.00% respectivlely. The results also indicated that the four viruses infecting pepper weren't evenly distributed in Guangxi. In a conclusion, the developed multiplex RT-PCR here will be a efficient tool for routine molecular diagnosis of PMMoV, ChiVMV, PVMV and CMV.

【Objective】The present paper aimed to establish the evaluation method of heat resistance of leek resources, select heat-resistant leek varieties, and solve the problem of shortage of heat-resistant leek varieties in Guangxi.【Method】Taking three kinds of local germplasm resources of leek（marked as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I, respectively） of Guangxi large leaf leek, wide leaf leek and thin leaf leek collected from the general survey of germplasm resources by Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs（2015-2020） as test materials, the changes of the maximum growth length of leek leaves, the newly increased aboveground biomass and the contents of chlorophyll, proline and malondialdehyde after 7 days of high temperature stress at 38 ℃ were measured.Combined with field natural high temperature stress（field group） actual heat resistance performance, the heat resistance of different types of leek was comprehensively evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis（variance analysis, principal component analysis, membership function method and cluster analysis） methods.【Result】Under high temperature stress of 38 ℃,the maximum leaf growth length and the newly increased biomass of 9 leek germplasms of the three types in Guangxi were extremely significantly decreased compared with their proper temperature control（CK）（P＜0.01）.The largest decline was the type of large-leaved leek, and the smallest decline was the type of fine-leaved leek.Chlorophyll content decreased to different degrees, of which the largest decline was the type of leek with large leaves, and the smallest decline was the type of leek with thin leaves.The content of MDA increased to different degrees, of which the largest increase was the type of leek with large leaves, and the smallest increase was the type of leek with thin leaves.Pro content increased to different degrees, of which, the largest increase was the type of leek with thin leaves, and the smallest increase was the type of leek with large leaves.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the heat tolerance of the three kinds of local leek germplasm resources of leek in Guangxi was ranked as follows: leek with thin leaves＞leek with broad leaves＞leek with large leaves.Germplasm G（No.2016451159） and Germplasm I（No.2016453604） had the strongest heat tolerance among the nine leek germplasms, and Germplasm C（No.SC20191200） had the weakest heat tolerance.【Conclusion】The maximum growth length of leaves, new aboveground biomass and the content of chlorophyll, Pro and MDA contents were used as the evaluation indicators of heat tolerance of leek germplasm resources, the heat tolerance of three kinds of leek germplasm resources in Guangxi can be ranked as follows: Leek with thin leaves＞ leek with broad leaves＞leek with large leaves by variance analysis, principal component analysis, membership function and cluster analysis.Germplasm G and germplasm I were determined to be more heat-resistant, while germplasm C was the least heat-resistant.

以彩色斑叶辣椒突变体、紫叶辣椒、白色斑叶辣椒突变体功能叶为试验材料,利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜,通过观察叶片不同斑区的显微结构及超微结构,分析彩色斑叶的显色部位、显色特征、细胞器数量及形态变化,从细胞水平上探讨彩色斑叶辣椒复杂叶色的成因.结果表明:(1)彩色斑叶辣椒突变体子叶为紫色,自第一片真叶展开出现异色斑块,斑块位置、频率、色彩深度无明显规律.(2)叶肉细胞内叶绿体少甚至缺失形成白斑,花色素苷在叶肉细胞和保卫细胞均有分布,其在叶肉细胞不均匀分布是紫色深度不同的主因.(3)辣椒彩色斑叶突变体绿斑区内细胞形态良好,细胞器结构较好;紫色斑区和白色斑区细胞呈中度肿胀,细胞器明显异常.(4)叶肉细胞内叶绿体少甚至缺失、花色素苷不均匀分布是叶片呈现彩色的原因,该叶斑类型属于色素型.

根据五彩椒的品种特性和广西山区气候及土壤特点,从集约化育苗、一次性施肥、保花保果、病虫害绿色防治等方面重点介绍了广西山区旱坡地五彩椒高产高效栽培技术要点,以期为广西山区五彩椒种植提供参考依据.

采用小RNA(sRNA)深度测序技术,结合RT-PCR技术对广西9个辣椒主产区具有典型病毒病症状的病样进行检测,共发现10种病毒,其中小米椒内源RNA病毒1(Capsicum frutescens endornavirus 1,CFEV 1)、辣椒潜隐病毒 2(pepper cryptic virus 2,PCV 2)、烟草轻型绿花叶病毒(tobacco mild green mosaic virus,TMGMV)和辣椒黄脉病毒(pepper vein yellows virus,PeVYV)是在广西辣椒上首次发现,且CFEV 1在中国是首次发现.10种病毒在75份辣椒病样中的总检出率为8.00％～66.67％,前5位依次为辣椒脉斑驳病毒(chilli veinal mottle virus,ChiVMV,66.67％)、甜椒脉斑驳病毒(pepper veinal mottle virus,PVMV,62.67％)、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV,41.33％)、CFEV 1(32.0％)以及PCV 2(26.67％).ChiVMV、PVMV、CMV和CFEV 1在广西7～9个辣椒主产区广泛分布,推测为优势病毒.除桂林外,其他8个辣椒主产区均含以上4种优势病毒中的1～3种,但在桂林,这4种病毒的检出率偏低或检不出,其优势病毒种类是PMMoV和PCV2.广西辣椒病毒病复合侵染率为94.66％,3种(检出率42.67％)和4种(检出率24.00％)病毒复合侵染是主要形式.3种复合侵染中以ChiVMV+PVMV+CMV 和 ChiVMV+CFEV 1+ChiRSV 占比最高(均为 18.75％),4 种复合侵染中以 ChiVMV+PVMV+CMV+CFEV 1 占比最高(16.67％).

以桂椒12号五彩椒为试材,研究秋播和冬播的8个播期对五彩椒病毒病、果实性状和产量的影响,为桂南低海拔地区五彩椒高产栽培提供参考.结果表明,2次调查的秋播和冬播病毒病发病率和病情指数相似,第二次调查秋播五彩椒病毒病发病率均低于冬播,且秋播各播期病情指数变化幅度小.不同播期五彩椒商品果横径差异不显著,播期越晚果实纵径、纵横径比及单果质量越小.播期对五彩椒产量影响较大,产量随播期推迟呈下降趋势,其中秋播D1(7月24日)和D4(9月26日)播期小区产量分别为6.70 kg和6.40 kg,均极显著高于其他各播期.综上所述,五彩椒适宜在桂南低海拔地区秋播.

为解决广西横县夏种包心芥菜幼苗移栽后成活率低、产量低的问题,对耐热包心芥菜品种筛选以及育苗方式、移栽时防病、促缓苗及促包心等高效栽培关键技术进行了研究,结果表明:(1) "大坪埔包心芥菜"产量为3 522.2 kg/667 m2,显著高于其他品种,且表现耐热,适合在横县夏季推广种植;(2)采用漂浮育苗培育出的幼苗在株高、茎粗、地上部分鲜质量、地下部分鲜质量以及单株鲜质量方面显著高于传统穴盘育苗;(3)采用混配药液作定根水,包心芥菜幼苗移栽成活率显著提高,为96.37% ;(4)20 mg/L "九二〇"处理定植后10 d的包心芥菜幼苗,收获时产量显著高于其他浓度处理;(5)在包心芥菜生长中期末适当增施磷钾肥可显著提高产量,较适宜的组合为增施10 kg/667 m2的磷酸二氢钾 + 500倍稀释的葛效达.该研究结果可为广西夏种包心芥菜品种选择及高效生产提供依据.

广西夏种包心芥菜市场前景广阔,经济效益好,但产量相对偏低.该课题组通过开展品种耐热性、培育壮苗方式、病虫害防治、促前期生长以及促包心技术等几个主要影响夏种包心芥菜生产因素的研究与示范,形成了一套夏种包心芥菜高效栽培关键技术,以期提高包心芥菜的产量,品质以及增加种植户的经济效益.

辣椒脉斑驳病毒(chilli veinal mottle virus,ChiVMV)于1979年在马来半岛的辣椒上被首次报道,现已蔓延至世界各地.在中国,ChiVMV自2003年在陕西出现以来,已在四川、湖南、贵州等辣椒主产区大面积发生,成为严重危害辣椒生产的主要病害之一.本文中重点对ChiVMV危害症状、传播以及株系分化、基因组结构及功能、辣椒抗性鉴定、遗传以及分子标记定位等方面研究进行综述,以期为抗病育种工作提供理论参考.

五彩椒(Capsicum annuum L. var. cerasiforme Bailey)原产于美洲热带地区,为茄科辣椒属多年生草本植物,是樱桃辣椒的一种,常作一年生栽培.果实单生朝天,圆球形,单果质量4～9 g,有乳白色、紫色、黄色、橙色、红色5种颜色,果皮薄、肉脆、辣度高,适合作观赏盆栽或现代农业示范园区种植,也适合规模化加工生产.五彩椒在我国广西、贵州、云南等地均有栽培,其中广西种植面积最大,是广西的名特优产品,通过线上和线下销售至全国各地.目前广西五彩椒常年种植面积5 333 hm2(8万亩)左右,但由于常年种植单一品种,导致种性退化,露地栽培病毒病发病率高达60%以上,产量、品质及经济效益大幅降低,严重阻碍了广西五彩椒产业的健康发展.

2015-2018年通过普查征集和系统调查,对广西13个地级市、44个县(区)、80个乡(镇)的辣椒种质资源进行了收集、调查、鉴定,并分析其分布情况、类型、农艺性状和优异性状.结果 表明,在广西共收集到144份辣椒种质资源,主要分布在桂西、桂北地区,多集中在海拔0～300m,指形椒、羊角椒是广西辣椒种质资源的主要类型;通过鉴定筛选出了上思彩椒、钟山大泡椒、黄坪辣椒、西林野山椒、荔浦指天椒、宁明辣椒6份特色优异的辣椒种质资源,为进一步利用和创制材料奠定基础.

对广西9个市县辣椒病毒病的发生情况进行初步调查,并采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(DAS-ELISA)鉴定75份辣椒疑似病毒病样本的8种常见蔬菜病毒.结果 表明,桂南、桂中地区辣椒病毒病发生普遍较桂西、桂北地区的严重.共有71份辣椒样本检测呈阳性,其中辣椒脉斑驳病毒(Chilli veinal mottle virus,ChiVMV)的侵染最普遍,总检出率最高,达63.38％,为广西辣椒的优势病原种类;甜椒叶脉斑驳病毒(Pepper vein mottle virus,PVMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、辣椒轻斑驳病毒(Pepper mild mottle virus,PMMoV)、辣椒环斑病毒(Chilli ring spot virus,ChiRSV)的侵染也很普遍,总检出率分别为56.34％、43.66％、35.21％和33.80％.在71份阳性样本中,有87.32％的样本受2种及2种以上病毒的复合侵染,受2种或3种病毒复合侵染的分别占32.39％和29.58％;2种病毒复合侵染类型中,以ChiVMV+CMV、PVMV+PMMoV复合侵染最普遍,均占21.74％;3种病毒复合侵染类型中,以ChiVMV+CMV+PVMV复合侵染最普遍,占23.81％.

[Objective]To provide technical support for the application and popularization of frost-prevention for cu-cumber,the effects of frost-prevention technique on morphology,antioxidant enzyme activity and cell membrane permea-bility of cucumber seedlings were analyzed under simulated frost condition.[Method]Cucumber seedlings were treated with frost-prevention technique(TR)under simulated frost condition,and then plant height,stem diameter,leaf length, leaf width and index of chilling injury were investigated at different times after temperature drop treatment.Antioxidant enzyme activity and other physiological indexes were measured 1 d before temperature dropped to 10 ℃/5 ℃(-1 d)and 1,3,5 d after temperature dropped to 10 ℃/5 ℃.[Result]Under simulated natural frost conditions,the relative plant height of cucumber seedlings after 3 d of TR group was 106.00%,which was significantly higher than that of CK 95.50% (P<0.05,the same below).There was no significant difference in relative stem diameter,relative leaf length,and relative leaf between TR and CK(P>0.05,the same below).The chilling injury indexes of TR group was 40.67% after 5 d tempera-ture drop treatment,which was significantly lower than that of CK.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)ac-tivities of cucumber seedlings were significantly higher than those of CK after TR group for-1 d.The activities of SOD and CAT showed an upward trend after 1-3 d of treatment and were higher than those of CK,but the difference was not significant.Peroxidase(POD)activity of TR during-1-2 d of treatment was higher than CK,and it was lower than CK 3-5 d after treatment,but the difference was not significant.The content of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)in TR group and CK group increased during-1-5 d of temperature drop treatment.The content of H2O2was lower than that of CK after treat-ment.Malondialdehyde contents(MDA)of TR group did not change greatly before and after temperature drop treatment, but it was significantly lower than that of CK on day 1 and day 5 after treatment.[Conclusion]Applying frost-prevention technique before the frost can improve the tolerance of cucumber seedlings against frost,and reduce the chilling injury of cucumber seedlings.

硒是人体必需的微量营养元素之一, 我国1/3的地区严重缺硒. 植物通过自身的新陈代谢作用,可以将无机硒转化为生物活性高、更安全的有机硒,利用富硒的水果、蔬菜、稻米等农产品的摄入来补硒是最安全有效的途径[1,2]. 水培是一种新型的蔬菜栽培方式,具有高效、清洁、一致性高、可控性强等优点[3].以迷你型温室水耕床(专利号:ZL201320519728.6)为例,介绍一种速生叶菜富硒水培生产的床架结构、育苗定植、施硒、采收等相关栽培技术.

[Objective] To provide a reference for remediating facility soil salinization in Guangxi,remediation effects of salt leaching and salt absorbing by rotation on facility saline soil were studied.[Method]With slight sulfate-type facility saline soil as research object which were treated with salt leaching by soaking in water with no tillage,tillage and salt absorbing by rotation,the content of soluble salt,SO42-,nutrients,physicochemical characters and microbial quantities of saline soil were determined,and the effects of salt leaching and salt absorbing by rotation on the indexes above were analyzed.[Result] The content of soluble salt and SO42-decreased significantly,the drop rate of total nutrient content was the lowest in the treatment of soaking in water with no tillage for 5 days.In the treatment of rotation sesame,the content of soluble salt,S042-,total nutrients and total exchangeable cations in soil decreased the most,and significantly higher than that of other treatments,but the total soil porosity and number of microorganisms increased the most,and significantly higher than that of other treat-ments.After treatment with soaking in water with no tillage for 5 days and rotation sesame,the soluble salt content in slight facility saline soil decreased above 60.00 ％,and the yield of bitter gourd and pepper were increased significantly.[Conclusion] The best treatment was soaking in water with no tillage for 5 days because of the high salt leaching rate,low decrease rate of soil nutrients,time-saving and labor-saving.Sesame not only had strong ability to absorb salt and nutrients,but also improved soil physicochemical characters and micro ecological environment.So it was an ideal rotation plant for remediating sulfate-type facility saline soil.And the combination treatment of soaking in water with no tillage for 5 days and rotation sesame were effective for remediating slight facility saline soil.

[Objective]To provide references for pepper seed multiplication in areas which were lack of facilities or with bad weather condition,effects of different treatments at flowering stage on yield and quality of seed of seed-breeding peppers were analyzed. [Method]With A014 as materials,the peppers were cultivated in the open. Three treatments, re-maining different bud levels at flowering stage,spraying times of monopotassium phosphate(KH2PO4) on leaves and vari-ous isolation methods for bud at flowering stage,were set. The corresponding natural fruit bearing ways were controls(CK1, CK2 and CK3). Fruit-setting number,1000-seed weight,germination rate and yield of pepper seed were analyzed. [Result]The results showed that,1000-seed weight of peppers remaining 2-6 bud levels(3.3002 g) was extremly significantly higher than that of CK1 and 7-10 levels(P<0.01),and the germination rate of 2-6 bud levels(92.33%) was significantly higher than that of peppers remaining 7-10 bud levels(P<0.05, the same below). However,the average fruit-setting number per plant(31.57) was significantly lower than that of peppers remaining 7-10 bud levels. Plot yield of seed in remaining 2-6 bud levels group(38.40 g) was significantly higher than that of CK1,but there was no significant difference between it and remaining 7-10 bud levels(P>0.05, the same below).1000-seed weight(2.8839 g) and germination rate(90.33%) of foliar spraying(KH2PO4 twice treatment were higher than those of CK2 and foliar spraying KH2PO4 only once. However there was no significant difference between foliar spraying KH2PO4 once treatment and CK2 for 1000-seed weight. Average fruit-setting rate in treatment which isolated bud with net(75.95%) was significantly lower than that of CK3,but significantly higher than that of isolated with cotton. [Conclusion]Pepper seed yield and quality will be increased when remaining 2-6 bud levels to bear peppers, isolating bud with net and foliar spraying KH2PO4 twice.

广西温热资源丰富,大棚蔬菜冬季无需加热即可周年生产,但土壤连作障碍已成为制约当地大棚蔬菜高效生产的重要因素.轮作是减轻土壤连作障碍的主要技术措施之一,选择好轮作作物是大棚高效生产的关键.

In order to improve fruit set rate and reduce abnormal fruit rate of bell pepper,this paper took bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.var.grossum) cultivar ‘Shijihong’ as testing material,and studied on the effects of 3 kinds of formulas on the yield,numbers of fruit set and commodity fruit rate of bell pepper.The application effects of the optimum formula on pod pepper,linear hot pepper,and ox horn pepper were compared under low temperature and weak illumination,suboptimal temperature and weak illumination,and high temperature.The result indicated that spraying formula P2 (Solution A:Compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.03 g . mL-1,Solution B:Gibberellin 0.10 g · mL-1,2,4-D sodium salt 0.01 g · mL-1,Naphthalene acetic acid sodium salt 0.10 g · mL-1) had the best effect on retention of flower and fruit.The yield per plot of bell pepper and number of fruit set were all significantly higher than that of the CK and yet the commodity fruit rate and single fruit weight had no remarkable differences from the CK.After spraying P2 formula on different types of pepper,the yield per plot of pepper,numbers of fruit set were significantly increased,and yet there were no significant difference between the CK and P2 in commodity fruit rate and single fruit weight.Therefore,formula P2 could solve the contradiction between abnormal fruit rate and fruit set rate of sweet pepper or hot pepper,and had good stability.So formula P2 could be used in different types of pepper under different environmental stress on retention of pepper flower and fruit.

建立了同时测定植物组织中玉米素(ZT)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素类(GA1、GA3、GA4)、脱落酸(ABA)、茉莉酸(JA)7种植物激素的超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法(UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS).采用C18色谱柱(50×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)分离,以甲醇-0.1％甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行定性定量分析,外标法定量.7种植物激素的检出限为0.01～8.77 ng·mL-1,定量限为0.02～29.23 ng·mL-1,在实验所采用的浓度范围内线性相关系数(R2)在0.9870～0.9990之间.植物样本前处理采用C18-SPE小柱进行富集和纯化,极大地减少了基质干扰.在辣椒叶片基质中,7种植物激素在低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为65.8％～90.9％,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=5)为2.1％～5.5％.该方法简单、快速,灵敏,准确,适用于对植物组织中多种激素的同时测定.