Platinum nanowires (PtNWs), with lengths on the micrometer scale and diameters of approximately 5–10 nm, were successfully synthesized on a TiO2-C composite support using a hydrothermal method. This method involved a reaction system comprising dimethylformamide (DMF), KOH, TiO2, acetylene black (BP2000), ethylene glycol, and HPtCl6·6H2O. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the surface of the nanowires is predominantly composed of (111) and (200) crystal planes, corresponding to their most intense diffraction peaks. Accelerated degradation tests (ADT) demonstrated that the Pt/TiO2−C catalyst exhibits significantly higher structural stability compared to commercial Pt/C, a phenomenon attributed to the robust interaction between the TiO2 anchoring sites dispersed within the continuous carbon phase and the Pt nanowires. Although the electrochemically active surface area of Pt/TiO2–C is only about one-third that of commercial Pt/C, its mass activity and specific activity are two times and six times greater than those of commercial Pt/C, respectively. In the cathode of an aluminum-air battery, which simulates a triple-phase (gas–liquid-solid) mass transfer environment, the cell loaded with Pt/TiO2-C exhibited slower voltage decay during galvanostatic discharge at 50 mA cm−2, indicating improved durability. However, polarization curve results also indicate that at current densities exceeding 111 mA cm−2, the discharge voltage of aluminum-air batteries utilizing a Pt/TiO2–C cathode is lower than that of commercial Pt/C. Therefore, while the PtNWs provide high stability due to their chain-like structure, their aspect ratio requires further optimization to mitigate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mass transfer issues arising from the significant curling and entanglement of the nanowires.

This study demonstrates a green synthesis strategy for zeolite omega via hydroxyl radical (center dot OH)-assisted transformation of a layered silicate, magadiite. By employing sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) as a radical initiator and tetramethylammonium bromide (TMABr) as a structure-directing agent, we achieved high-purity zeolite omega with reduced template usage by 75 % and shortened crystallization time to 30 h compared to traditional method. Key influencing factors were systematically investigated. Characterization techniques (XRD, SEM, FT-IR, Raman, 27Al MAS NMR, and ESI-MS) and DFT calculations elucidated a transformation mechanism wherein magadiite served as precursors for zeolite omega nucleation and growth with parts of 6-membered rings (6Rs) and 5membered rings (5Rs) preserved from magadiite to MAZ-type framework. center dot OH preferentially stabilized along the a-axis of the MAZ-type framework, facilitating 4R formation via Si-O-Si bond condensation. This work demonstrates a newly green synthesis strategies for zeolites via layered silicate transformation, combining efficiency and sustainability.

Aqueous zinc‐based batteries suffer from a narrow electrochemical stability window and severe side reactions, limiting their practical applications. To address these challenges, decoupling the reduction and oxidation reactions during charging/discharging by physically or chemically isolating the anode from the cathode could effectively suppress water decomposition and increase the operating voltage. Herein, we systematically strengthen the key components of decoupled zinc‐based batteries (DZBs) including the functional intermediates and redox couples. According to the different redox couples, diverse DZB prototypes are summarized including Zn–MnO 2 , Zn–S/Se, Zn–I 2 , Zn–Br 2 , and Zn–CO 2 batteries. Particularly, the key approaches for high‐performance DZBs are introduced, such as the decoration of ion‐selective membranes to improve selectivity, composite redox mediators to accelerate reaction kinetics, atomic catalysts to enhance iodine conversion, and flow battery architectures to improve reversibility. Subsequently, advanced strategies in electrode structure design, interface engineering, and electrolyte engineering are overviewed in different prototypes. Finally, critical scientific issues and promising development directions are proposed toward high‐energy‐density and durable DZBs.

High-performance thick electrodes are regarded as a feasible strategy for enhancing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, fast ion transport and long-life cyclability in thick cathode remain significant challenges. Here, we developed a multidirectional-ion-transport Ni-rich thick cathode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), which exhibits excellent consecutive layer-by-layer contact and fast ion-flow diffusion, achieving high areal capacity and superior rate capability toward 3D-printed batteries. By balancing the viscosity of electrode inks and mechanical strength of thick electrodes, a multilayer NCM811 cathode with strong interfacial bonding, reaching an electrode thickness of 3 mm and ultra-high mass loading of 185 mg cm−2, delivers a record areal capacity of 38.4 mAh cm−2 up to date. The 3D-printed porous frameworks featuring the multidirectional transport of Li ion and superior affinity of electrolyte, exceptionally boost active material utilization and fast electrochemical kinetics of thick electrodes, resulting in a high specific capacity of 208 mAh g−1. Furthermore, the printed electrode has a capacity retention rate of 88

High-concentration electrolyte effectively improves the energy density and anti-freezing property of aqueous micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), endowing them the opportunity serving as power sources for miniaturized electronics. However, the excessive usage of salt significantly increases the cost of the electrolyte. Herein, a cost-effective moderate-concentration hybrid electrolyte is designed by introducing CaCl2 and ethylene glycerol (EG) additives for low-temperature and high-voltage MSCs. The results manifest that the introduction of CaCl2 minimizes the number of water molecules with strong hydrogen bonds while the addition of EG can reduce the amount of H2O molecules in the primary solvation shell sheath of Ca2+ ion and strengthen the hydrogen bonds between EG and water molecules, thus endowing the optimal electrolyte with a wide electrochemical stability window of 3.5 V and a freezing point lower than -120 degrees C. Furthermore, the resulting hybrid MSCs offer a high voltage of 1.6 V, and realize 62% capacitance retention at -40 degrees C compared to that at room temperature. Moreover, The MSCs can endure 20000 cycles with 98.5% capacitance retention at -40 degrees C. This work provides a meaningful guidance for designing low-cost moderate-concentration hybrid electrolyte with wide electrochemical stability window and anti-freezing property for intrinsically safe and environmentally adaptable devices.

Printed microsupercapacitors (MSCs) possess great potential in as an energy supply for miniaturized, flexible, and portable electronics because of their high electrochemical performance, favorable customization, scalable production, and low cost. In this Forum article, we first introduce the fundamental principles of printed MSCs, concentrating on the characteristics of different printing technologies, the structural features of MSCs, and the requirements for printing inks. Further, the latest advancements of printed MSCs are summarized in detail from various aspects such as the design of key electrode and electrolyte materials, rheological regulation of component inks, and enhancement of the electrochemical and functional properties. On this regard, we put forward some key views on the preparation of printed electrodes, the selection of electrolytes, and the integration of the overall devices, hoping to offer insights for the rapid development of printed MSCs in the future.

Co( 1− x )Zn x Fe 2 O 4 nanospheres ( x = 0, 0.5, 0.8) with a unidirectional cubic spinel structure were prepared by a solvothermal method. By using a range of theoretical and empirical models, the experimental heat capacity values were fitted as a function of temperature over a suitable temperature range to explain the possible relationship between the magnetic properties and microstructure of the nanospheres. As a result, at a low temperature ( T < 10 K), the parameter B fsw decreases with increasing Zn concentration, implying that the exchange interaction between A and B sites decreases. At a relatively high temperature ( T > 50 K), the Debye temperature decreases with increasing Zn concentration, which is due to the weakening of the interatomic bonding force after the addition of non-magnetic materials to the CoFe 2 O 4 spinel ferrite.

Biodegradable and biocompatible microscale energy storage devices are very crucial for environmentally friendly microelectronics and implantable medical applications. Herein, a biodegradable and biocompatible microsupercapacitor (BB-MSC) with satisfying overall performance is realized via the combination of three-dimensional (3D) printing technique and biodegradable materials. Due to the 3D-interconnected structure of electrodes and elaborated design of electrolyte, the as-prepared BB-MSC exhibits superior overall performance than most of biodegradable devices, including a wide operation voltage of 1.8 V, high areal specific capacitance of 251 mF/cm2, good cycle stability, and favorable low-temperature resistance (-20 °C), demonstrative of reliability and practicality of our devices even in frosty environments. Importantly, the smooth degradation has been realized for the BB-MSC after being buried in natural soil for ∼90 days, and its implantation does not affect the healthy status of SD rats. Therefore, this work explores avenues for the design and construction of environmentally friendly and biocompatible microscale energy storage devices.

通过原位氧化聚合法,以硫酸(H2SO4)为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂制备了聚苯胺/钛酸钡复合材料(PANI/BaTiO3),探讨了复合材料的电化学性能.测试结果表明:PANI与BaTi03的质量分数比为3∶1时复合电极材料的放电时间最长,电荷转移电阻(Rct)最小,比电容更高,充分显示了铁电材料BaTiO3和PANI之间的协同作用.

This article explores the effects of doping ferroelectric materials MgTiO3 with different proportions on the properties of polyaniline (PANI). PANI / MgTiO3 composites were prepared by in-situ composite method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the structure of the composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the morphology of the composites.The thermal stability of the composites was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG). Electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and constant current charge-discharge test) were used to compare and analyze the electrochemical performance of the composites.TG-DTG analysis and electrochemical experiments all show that the thermal stability and electrochemical properties of the PANI / MgTiO3 composite with a mass ratio of 82/18 (w/w) are the best. The results indicate that there is a synergistic effect between PANI and MgTiO3, which improves the performances of the PANI when the appropriate amount of MgTiO3 is added.

Graphene under high temperature was prepared and loaded on Ni foam. Then, cobalt tetroxide precursor was grown on Ni foam in situ by the hydrothermal method. Finally, the sample was burned at high temperature to obtain Co3O4+graphene@Ni. The hydrothermal method used in this paper is easy to operate, with low-risk factors and environmental protection. The prepared Co3O4+graphene@Ni electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance than Co3O4@Ni electrode. At a current density of 1 A/g, the specific capacitance of the Co3O4+graphene@Ni electrode calculated by a charge-discharge test is 935 F/g, which is much larger than that of Co3O4@Ni electrode of 340 F/g.

Pseudocapacitive micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) have been regarded as miniaturized electrochemical energy storage devices with prominent features for seamless integrating wearable electronic devices. However, the electrochemical performance remains challenging due to the low voltage of aqueous electrolyte. Herein, we constructed aqueous pseudocapacitive MSCs (PPy@rGO-MSCs) with a high operation voltage of 1.6 V using hybrid polypyrrole (PPy) and reduced graphene oxide (PPy@rGO) nanosheets working in 20 M LiCl gel electrolyte. The pseudocapacitive MSCs with interdigital planar geometry were manufactured by one-step mask-assisted filtration on a flexible substrate. The as fabricated PPy@rGO-MSCs in 20 M LiCl electrolyte showed higher areal capacitance of 44.5 mF/cm(2) and improved areal energy density of 15.8 mWh/cm(2), in comparison with the cell in 20 M LiTFSI electrolyte (35.7 mF/cm(2), 12.7 mWh/cm(2)). Additionally, PPy@rGO-MSCs exhibited excellent mechanical flexibility with 97% of initial capacitance retention at a bending angle of 180 degrees, and superior integrated modular to boost voltage and current output. This work demonstrates that 2D pseudocapacitive materials hold a great chance for constructing high-performance MSCs. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Some vital challenges are main obstacles for further development of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries such as low capacity and poor cycle stability resulted from polysulfide shuttling behavior, the physical/chemical entrapment is regarded as an effective method to inhibit and catalyze polysulfides. Herein we design a cross-linked framework of reduced graphene oxide anchored with Cu2−x Se nanoparticles (Cu2−x Se@rGO) by building an electrolyte/Cu2−x Se/graphene triple-phase interface to be a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for Li–S batteries. Importantly, this three-dimensional conductive network possesses a large specific surface area with high ion transport capability, meanwhile providing strong physical constraint for efficient adsorption of soluble polysulfides. Further, this triple-phase catalytic interface provides strong chemical adsorption and abundant Cu2−x Se nanoparticle sulfiphilic active sites, effectively inhibiting the dissolution of polysulfides and guaranteeing the efficient polysulfide adsorption catalysis as well as rapidly uniform Li2S nucleation. Consequently, with the Cu2−x Se@rGO separator, a lower capacity decay rate about 0.059% per cycle after 500 cycles at 2 C is obtained. What’s more, with a higher areal sulfur loading of 3.0 mg cm−2, the capacity is still maintained at 805 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles. Therefore, this work will open new avenue to construct 2D transition metal selenide for superior performance Li–S batteries.

The formation of negative zinc dendrite and the deformation of zinc electrode are the important factors affecting nickel–zinc battery life. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) network carbon felt via microwave oxidation was used as ZnO support and filled with 30% H2O2-oxidised activated carbon to improve the performance of the battery. The energy density and power density of the nickel–zinc battery reached 81.8 and 181.7 Wh kg−1, respectively, at the first cycle of the charge and discharge. The coulomb efficiency and voltage efficiency of the battery were respectively 85% and 65.5% at the 921st cycle. The coulomb efficiency and voltage efficiency of the battery filled with 30% H2O2-oxidised activated carbon were respectively increased by 0.8% and 2.6% compared with those of the nickel–zinc battery filled with activated carbon, and by 31.2% and 6.9% compared with those of the nickel–zinc battery without the activated carbon. The adhesion between carbon felt and zinc was strengthened by polar groups, and the specific capacitance and hydrophilicity of zinc electrode were improved by filling the zinc electrode with 30% H2O2-oxidised activated carbon. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of carbon felt support and activated carbon capacitor material can promote the penetration and diffusion of electrolyte in the electrode and help eliminate zinc dendrite. The carbon felt electrode has the flexibility to avoid deformation of zinc electrode. The cycle stability of the battery was considerably improved by 935 times.

《工程化学》 是我校工程技术类学科大学生的一门必修自然科学基础课.由于教学内容多,教学学时少,无法完成课程深度拓展.通过构建和完善微课体系,课前进行梳理凝练课中设计情景化环节,引领学生自主学习;亲自动手试验并结合视频,强化学生直观印象,课后设置深度拓展并反馈交流,提高课程教学质量.从微课资源构建及实施提出了工程化学课程教学改革的策略,并将其应用于实际教学,初步取得较好教学效果.

The intrinsic poor thermal transport and liquid leakage of organic phase change materials (PCMs) greatly limit their applications in the field of solar thermal energy conversion and storage. Silica porous materials have usually been employed as supporting matrixes to incorporate PCMs and improve their thermal conductivities. However, the starting materials of synthesizing silica matrixes commonly involve high toxic chemical reagents. In this work, we have developed a facile strategy of constructing composite PCMs based on silicagel industrial wastes, in which paraffin wax (PW), myristic acid (MA) and octadecanol (OD) can be incorporated. Moreover, expanded graphite (EG) has been distributed into the PW composite PCMs to further enhance its thermal conductivity. The obtained composites behave stable form and excellent phase transition properties. The thermal conductivity of the PW composites can be achieved to be 5.87 W/(m.K), nearly 21.7 times higher than that of the pure PW. Furthermore, the 1000 melting-cooling cycle test indicates that the PW composites behave superior thermal cycle stability, exhibiting a promising long-term thermal energy storage application. This synthesis strategy may provide a promising way of low-cost preparation of form-stable composite PCMs with high thermal conductivity for solar thermal energy management and utilization.

In this paper,polyaniline(PANI)and nickel-zinc ferrite(NixZnyFe2O4)composites with different proportions were prepared by in-situ solution polymerization.The properties of PANI/NixZnyFe2O4 composites with different proportions were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and electrochemical analysis.The results of TG-DTG showed that polyaniline(PAN)When the ratio of I to NixZnyFe2O4 is 10∶1,the thermal stability of PANI/NixZnyFe2O4 composite is better than that of pure polyaniline.The electrochemical test results show that the electrochemical performance of PANI/NixZnyFe2O4 composite is lower than that of pure polyaniline.

We report on the two-dimensional self-assembly of C 2v-symmetric [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-3,3'',5,5''-tetracarboxylic acid (TPTA) at the solid/liquid interface by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Two kinds of different self-assembly structure, i.e. a close-packed and porous rosette structure, are formed by TPTA molecules through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. When adding coronene (COR) as a guest into the TPTA assembly, structural transformation from a densely packed row structure to a rosette network structure is observed. It was found that two kinds of cavities with different sizes in the rosette network structure can be used to realize the selective co-adsorption of guest molecules with appropriate shape and size. Three-component 2D host-guest structures were successfully constructed by using 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis(4-bromophenyl)benzene (HBPBE) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as guest molecules.

The thermodynamic properties of the insulin linkage polymorohism region (ILPR)G-quadruplex in the presence of K+ ions were measured by nano differential scanning calorimetry (Nano DSC)in solution. The melting temperature Tm,melting enthalpy△H and constant pressure specific heat Cp of the G-quadruplex were measured accurately in the range of 40℃ to 110℃. The DSC thermogram of this sequence shows a melting curve with melting transitions of (67 . 63 ± 0 . 02 )℃ and (96 . 2 ± 0 . 02 )℃,and the melting enthalpies are (170. 9 ± 2. 1)kJ/mol and (392. 0 ± 1. 6)kJ/mol.

The heat capacities of d-ribose and d-mannose have been studied over the temperature range from 1.9 to 440 K for the first time using a combination of Quantum Design Physical Property Measurement System and a differential scanning calorimeter. The purity, crystal phase and thermal stability of these two compounds have been characterized using HPLC, XRD and TG–DTA techniques, respectively. The heat capacities of d-Mannose have been found to be larger than those of d-ribose due to its larger molecular weight, and the solid–liquid transition due to the sample melting has also been detected in the heat capacity curve. The heat capacities of these two compounds have been fitted to a series of theoretical models and empirical equations in the entire experimental temperature region, and the corresponding thermodynamic functions have been derived based on the curve fitting in the temperature range from 0 to 440 K. Moreover, the phase transition enthalpy and melting temperature of these two compounds have also been determined from the heat flows obtained in DSC measurements.