Perovskite solar cells, promising a bright future in the energy market, are now being prioritized for high-throughput production to match their remarkable success at the laboratory scale. However, the use of toxic solvents proved to be one of the major constraints on scaling up production. Herein, a green solvent system consist of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C12MIM]Cl) ionic liquids (ILs) was developed to modulate the crystallization of wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite films combined with a antisolvent-free process, i.e., nitrogen (N2) quenching method. The [C12MIM]Cl IL promoted the crystallization of WBG perovskite films with large grain sizes, reduced photo-active PbI2, modulated residual strain, prolonged carrier lifetimes as well as improved energy alignment. Consequently, the [C12MIM]Cl-modified single-junction 1.77eV perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved a champion efficiency of 18.75% with an excellent operational stability, retaining an initial PCE of 93% after 2000 h of maximum-power-point tacking test. Meanwhile, the positive effect of the [C12MIM]Cl ILs was universal in perovskite with different bandgaps at 1.53, 1.68 and 1.72eV, respectively. Furthermore, stacking semi-transparent [C12MIM]Cl-modified 1.77eV WBG PSCs as top cells coupled with 1.27eV OPV or 1.24eV Sn-Pb PSC as bottom cells for the 4T tandem configuration showed impressive PCE of 26.01% and 27.44%, respectively. This study opens a new avenue toward the sustainable fabrication of highly efficient and stable perovskite-based semitransparent and tandem solar cells.

A facile and eco-friendly dimethyl sulfoxide-mediated solution aging (DMSA) treatment is presented to control the crystallization dynamics of methylammonium (MA)-free wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite films, enhancing film quality, and morphology for high-performance tandem solar cells. The comprehensive structural, morphological, and characterization analyses reveal that the DMSA treatment significantly enhances composition and morphology homogeneity while suppressing halide segregation. Consequently, opaque, and semi-transparent MA-free WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.28% and 17.61%, respectively. Notably, the unencapsulated DMSA-treated devices maintain 95% of the initial PCE after 900 h of continuous operation at 55 degrees C +/- 5 degrees C. Furthermore, stacking semi-transparent DMSA-treated PSCs as top cells in a 4T tandem configuration, along with silicon heterojunction (SHJ), lead-tin (Pb-Sn) alloyed PSCs, and organic photovoltaics (OPV) as bottom cells, yields impressive PCEs of 28.09%, 26.09%, and 25.28%, respectively, for the fabricated tandem cells. This innovative approach opens new avenues for enhancing the photo-stability and photovoltaic performance of perovskite-based tandem solar cells. A facile and eco-friendly dimethyl sulfoxide-mediated solution aging (DMSA) treatment is proposed to homogenize the morphology and composition of methylammonium-free wide-bandgap perovskite films, which contributes to highly efficient and stable semitransparent perovskite solar cells and tandem solar cells. image

Radiotherapy is identified as a crucial treatment for patients with glioblastoma, but recurrence is inevitable. The efficacy of radiotherapy is severely hampered partially due to the tumor evolution. Growing evidence suggests that proneural glioma stem cells can acquire mesenchymal features coupled with increased radioresistance. Thus, a better understanding of mechanisms underlying tumor subclonal evolution may develop new strategies. Herein, data highlighting a positive correlation between the accumulation of macrophage in the glioblastoma microenvironment after irradiation and mesenchymal transdifferentiation in glioblastoma are presented. Mechanistically, elevated production of inflammatory cytokines released by macrophages promotes mesenchymal transition in an NF‐ κ B‐dependent manner. Hence, rationally designed macrophage membrane‐coated porous mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMNs) in which therapeutic anti‐NF‐ κ B peptides are loaded for enhancing radiotherapy of glioblastoma are constructed. The combination of MMNs and fractionated irradiation results in the blockage of tumor evolution and therapy resistance in glioblastoma‐bearing mice. Intriguingly, the macrophage invasion across the blood‐brain barrier is inhibited competitively by MMNs, suggesting that these nanoparticles can fundamentally halt the evolution of radioresistant clones. Taken together, the biomimetic MMNs represent a promising strategy that prevents mesenchymal transition and improves therapeutic response to irradiation as well as overall survival in patients with glioblastoma.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential cellular messenger molecule involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Thus, monitoring the dynamic presence of endogenous NO in living cells is of great significance. In this paper, we developed an activatable fluorescent nanoprobe BOD-NH-NP for endogenous NO detection. In the probe BOD-NH-NP, the fast responding reaction site towards NO, incorporating a BODIPY fluorescent dye with good optical features, enables the probe to be applied for the detection of endogenous NO via the eNOS enzymatic pathway in living cells and screening nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) inhibitors and agonists.

Cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an attractive local treatment in combination with immunotherapy. Successful cancer PDT relies on image guidance to ensure the treatment accuracy. However, existing nanotechnology for co-delivery of photosensitizers and image contrast agents slows the clearance of PDT agents from the body and causes a disparity between the release profiles of the imaging and PDT agents. We have found that the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) is inherently bound to immunoglobulin G (IgG) in a nanomolarity range of affinity. Ce6 and IgG self-assemble to form the nanocomplexes termed Chloringlobulin (Chlorin e6 + immunoglobulin G). Chloringlobulin enhances the Ce6 concentration in the tumor without changing its elimination half-life in blood. Utilizing the immune checkpoint inhibitor antiprogrammed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) (αPD-L1) to prepare αPD-L1 Chloringlobulin, we have demonstrated a combination of Ce6-based red-light fluorescence image-guided surgery, stereotactic PDT, and PD-L1 blockade therapy of mice bearing orthotopic glioma. In mice bearing an orthotopic colon cancer model, we have prepared another Chloringlobulin that allows intraoperative fluorescence image-guided PDT in combination with PD-L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) dual checkpoint blockade therapy. The Chloringlobulin technology shows great potential for clinical translation of combinatorial intraoperative fluorescence image-guided PDT and checkpoint blockade therapy.