This paper presents an improved trajectory design and guidance method for long-range anti-aircraft missile re-entry glide segment based on H-V profile. The H-V trajectory of the glide segment is designed as cosine function, and the feasible domain of its key parameters is verified by simulation, which can avoid the problem of singularity of the roll Angle, so that no feasibility analysis and correction are required. By combining the Gauss pseudo-spectral trajectory optimization with H-V trajectory design, a feasible trajectory satisfying the re-entry corridor constraint can be quickly generated.

On-orbit spacecraft face many threats, such as collisions with debris or other spacecraft. Therefore, perception of the surrounding space environment is vitally important for on-orbit spacecraft. Spacecraft require a dynamic attitude tracking ability with high precision for such missions. This paper aims to address the above problem using an improved backstepping controller. The tracking mission is divided into two phases: coarse alignment and fine alignment. In the first phase, a traditional saturation controller is utilized to limit the maximum attitude angular velocity according to the actuator's ability. For the second phase, the proposed backstepping controller with different virtual control inputs is applied to track the moving target. To fulfill the high precision attitude tracking requirements, a hybrid attitude control actuator consisting of a Control Moment Gyro (CMG) and Reaction Wheel (RW) is constructed, which can simultaneously avoid the CMG singularity and RW saturation through the use of an angular momentum optimal management strategy, such as null motion. Finally, five simulation scenarios were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and hybrid actuator.

With the popularisation of cars, traffic accidents occur every day. To improve driving safety and avoid accidents, an intelligent vehicle safety system based on BeiDou Satellite Navigation System is proposed. The system performs real-time monitoring of the status of surrounding vehicles. Therefore, potential accidents can be predicted and first aid can be carried out immediately after accident. Warning can also be sent to the neighbours through the Vehicle Ad-hoc Network. The intelligent system has four major functions: (i) Vehicle road imaging, which forms a real-time road map through monitoring the real-time status of the vehicle combined with the traffic conditions and prompts the dangerous road section. (ii) Dangerous driving behaviour rating assessment, which evaluates the behaviours of other vehicle drivers by expert system and reminds the driver to pay attention to such vehicles. (iii) Car accident early warning, providing a timely warning of the risk of car accident. (iv) Car accident alarm, which pushes message to the nearby vehicles once the accident occurred, and notifies the police and first aid unit through BeiDou short message if necessary. With the implementation of the system, most serious accidents can be avoided, and it can effectively improve traffic safety and reduce casualties and property losses.

The next-generation space missions, such as the space moving target tracking mission and the agile attitude maneuvering mission and so on, propose a high requirement on spacecraft attitude control system. For such missions, hybrid attitude control actuators consisting of control moment gyro and reaction wheel, which can not only offer large control torque but also achieve high control precision, is the best alternative choice. For this hybrid actuator system, the angular momentum management is vital. To handle the momentum management problem, an optimal angular momentum strategy based on cooperative game theory is proposed. The cooperative game model is constructed according to the quadratic programming problem to achieve the minimization of control moment gyro gimbal angular speed and reaction wheel angular acceleration. The proposed cooperative game theory steering logic has overcome the control moment gyro singular problem and reaction wheel saturation problem of the hybrid system. In addition, the energy cost of the hybrid actuator system is reduced. Five groups of simulation scenarios are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed steering logic.

Objective To analyze the metastasis rate in intraglandular lymph nodes (IGLNs) with a focus on discussing the significance of IGLN metastasis in local control (LC) of parotid gland cancer (PGC). Methods A total of 337 patients were enrolled. Information including age; sex; and pathologic variables such as tumor (T) stage, IGLN metastasis, and follow-up findings was extracted and analyzed. Results IGLN metastasis was noted in 111 (32.9%) patients. Tumor stage, pathologic nodal stage, perineural invasion, resection status, and lymphovascular invasion were significantly related to IGLN metastasis. Local recurrence was noted in 67 (19.9%) patients. IGLN metastasis was an independent predictor of LC. The 10-year LC rate was 94% for patients without IGLN metastasis, 56% for patients with metastasis in no more than two IGLNs, and 22% for patients with metastasis in more than two IGLNs. This difference was significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion The IGLN metastasis rate is relatively high in PGC patients and is significantly associated with disease grade and T stage. IGLN metastasis is associated with poorer local LC, and patients with more than two metastatic nodes have the worst prognosis. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 129:2309-2312, 2019

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of irinotecan-based regimen as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer by Meta-analysis.Methods: A computer-based online search of Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Academic Journals Full-text Database, VIP Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase and SCI Database was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) about irinotecan-based regimen as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer were collected according to the inclusion criteria. The Stata 12.0 software was used for Meta analysis. The outcomes included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related toxicities. The relative risk (RR) and hazard ratio (HR) were used for Meta-analysis and represented with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Eight RCTs including 1 910 patients with advanced gastric cancer were eligible for Meta-analysis. There were statistically significant differences in PFS (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.98; P = 0.03), OS (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.97; P = 0.007) and ORR (RR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.18-2.06; P = 0.002) between patients who received irinotecan-based regimen and non-irinotecan-based regimen. No statistical significance was observed in side effects (granuloaytopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, nausea and oral mucositis) except for diarrhea (RR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.97-6.46; P u003c 0.001).Conclusion: As compared with non-irinotecan-based regimen, the irinotecan-based regimen can obviously improve the OS, PFS and ORR in patients with advanced gastric cancer, but it can also increase the incidence of diarrhea. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2015.33.680

Objective: To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of EAC patients. Methods: The expression of VEGF in 126 human esophageal adenocarcinoma cases was characterized with the method of immunohistochemistry. The correlation of VEGF expression with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of EAC patients was analyzed based on 10-year follow-up data of the patients. Results: Immunohistochemically, VEGF positive immunostaining was observed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Among the 126 EAC specimens, 58(46.0%) had low VEGF expression while 68(64.0%) had high VEGF expression. Higher VEGF expression was significantly associated with higher T stage (P=0.017, ��2=9.462), more lymph node metastasis (P=0.019, ��2=23.058), and lower differentiation grade (P=0.006, ��2=9.075). The median overall survival of EAC patients with low VEGF expression was significantly better than that of patients with high VEGF expression (P=0.035, ��2=6.632). Conclusion: The expression of VEGF is present in human EAC and is associated with tumor infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, differentiation level and prognosis, indicating that VEGF could be a novel target of EAC treatment.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced esophagus cancer. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with advanced esophagus cancer were randomly divided into either an observation group (n = 28) or a control group (n = 29). The observation group was treated with S-1 capsule 100 mg/d [if the body surface area (BSA) is < 1.5 m2] or 120 mg/d (if the BSA was not less than 1.5 m2), twice daily for 14 d and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 intravenously from days 1-3. The control group was treated with leucovorin (LV) 200 mg/m2 and fluorouracil (5-FU) 600 mg/m2 intravenously from days 1-5, and cisplatin just the same as the observation group. Chemotherapy was repeated every 21 d. Curative effect was evaluated every 2 cycles. Clinical effect, adverse reactions, time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The response rate and disease control rate were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (55.6% vs 27.6%, P < 0.05; 81.5% vs 55.2%, P < 0.05). The incidences of thrombocytopenia and liver function damage in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05 for both). There were no statistically significant difference in the incidences of nausea and vomiting, oral mucositis or hand-foot syndrome between the two groups. The median TTP and OS were significantly longer in the observation group than in the control group (7 mo vs 6 mo, 12 mo vs 9 mo, P < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSION: Compared to flurouracil combined with cisplatin, S-1 plus cisplatin can increase short-term effect and prolong survival period in patients with advanced esophagus cancer, and most of the toxicities can be tolerated. S-1 plus cisplatin may become the first choice instead of FP for advanced esophagus cancer. ? 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.

目的检测干细胞转录调控因子SOX2在食管鳞癌细胞系和鳞癌组织中的表达情况,分析其表达与临床病理及预后的关系,为食管癌的早期诊断和预后提供理论依据。方法分别采用免疫细胞化学、Real-time PCR、Western-blot的方法检测干细胞转录调控因子SOX2在食管鳞癌细胞系KYSE70、KYSE140、KYSE450中的表达情况;采用免疫组织化学法检测SOX2在153例食管鳞癌组织中的表达情况,并结合食管鳞癌患者10年随访资料,分析其表达与临床病理及预后的关系。结果免疫细胞化学、Real-time PCR、Western-blot结果均显示,SOX2在食管鳞癌细胞系KYSE70、KYSE140、KYSE450中均有不同程度的表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,SOX2只在胞核中表达。98（64.1%）例为阴性或弱阳性,36（23.5%）例为中等阳性,19（12.4%）例为强阳性。SOX2的表达水平与食管鳞癌的组织学分级呈负相关,与肿瘤患者的总生存期呈负相关,是影响食管鳞癌预后的独立因素,其相对风险度为1.976。结论干细胞转录调控因子SOX2在食管鳞癌细胞系和食管鳞癌组织中均有不同程度的表达,且其表达水平是影响食管鳞癌预后的独立因素。

目的观察贝伐单抗联合培美曲塞加顺铂一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效及不良反应。方法回顾性分析我院2009年～2012年经病理学确诊的Ⅳ期腺型NSCLC病例47例,其中22例采用贝伐单抗联合培美曲塞加顺铂方案治疗(研究组),25例采用培美曲塞加顺铂方案治疗(对照组),观察其疗效和不良反应,并进行随访。结果研究组与对照组的客观有效率分别为63.3%和32.0%(P<0.05),疾病控制率分别为86.3%和72.0%(P>0.05),中位无进展生存期分别为8.5月、6.2月(P<0.05),中位生存期分别为15.0月、11.9月(P<0.05)。研究组较对照组增加的不良反应主要有高血压、出血,发生率分别为27.2%、13.6%,但均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,经药物治疗后均可控制,不影响化疗的连续性。结论贝伐单抗联合培美曲塞加顺铂一线治疗晚期腺型NSCLC能够使疗效提高,生存时间延长,且患者耐受性较好,具有很好的临床应用前景。

Aim: To investigate the expression of Bax and CDK 4 in the normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Bax and CDK 4 of 30 cases of OSCC(10 cases of GradeⅠ,10 cases of GradeⅡ, and 10 cases of GradeⅢ) and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa tissues were examined by immunohistochemical SABC technique. Results: The positive expression rates of Bax in GradeⅠ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲof OSCC were 90.00%(9/10),20.00%(2/10),and 10.00%(1/10), respectively,which decreased gradually. There was a significant difference among these 3 groups (H=24.78,P0.05). The positive expression rates of CDK 4 in normal oral mucosa and OSCC were 60.00%(6/10) and 93.33%(28/30).There was a significant difference between the normal oral mucosa and OSCC (H=6.36,P0.05), but there was no significant difference among the 3 groups of OSCC. There was a negative relationship between Bax and CDK 4 expressions in OSCC (r=-0.600 0, P0.05). Conclusion: The decreasing of Bax protein and increasing of proliferating index of CDK 4 have a close relationship in carcinogenesis of OSCC. Bax protein can be a prognosis indicator of OSCC and its expression negatively correlates with the expression of CDK 4 in OSCC.