Piezoelectric activity of bismuth-layered structure ferroelectrics mainly originates from the spontaneous polarization along the a-b plane. To clarify the reasons for improvement in spontaneous polarization along the a-b plane, SrBi2Nb2 − x(Cr1/3W2/3)xO9 (SBN-CrW, x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06) ceramics were synthesized by using the solid-state reaction method. Effect of the dopant on structure evolution of SBN-CrW ceramics was investigated by using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Resistivity and piezoelectricity are improved significantly by the introduced dopant. Curie temperature was decreased slightly with the increase in the dopant. Optimal electric properties were found in the SBN-CrW specimens with x = 0.04. Piezoelectric coefficient (d33), Curie temperature (Tc) and planar electromechanical coupling factor (kp) reach 22 pC/N, 396℃and 6.1

Grain-oriented growth enabled by aligned template seeds stands as the cornerstone for developing advanced textured ferroelectric ceramics. In this work, the templated-grain-growth behavior and corresponding electric properties of [001]-textured PIN-PMN-PT ternary ferroelectric solutions with high PIN content were investigated systematically. Pronounced grain-oriented-growth was achieved as PIN content within 45 mol%, while texturing development was significantly constrained in ceramics with a PIN content exceeding 50 mol%. The failure of highly-texturing could be attributed to the excessive lattice mismatch between BaTiO3 templates and PIN-PMN-PT matrix. Concurrently, higher PIN content contributed to enhanced piezoelectric response in PIN-PMN-PT textured ceramics under high electric field loading. The highly [001]-textured PIN-PMN-PT ceramics with F-001 > 96% revealed remarkably high strain S-m > 0.40% accompanied by ultra-low strain hysteresis H-s similar to 6.0%.

This work employs a synergistic design strategy combining texture engineering and local structural heterogeneity to optimize the piezoelectric properties of ternary Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PSN-PMN-PT) ceramics. The fabricated [001](C)-oriented 1.5 mol.% Sm2O3 doped PSN-PMN-PT (1.5Sm-T) textured ceramics demonstrate a remarkably high F-001 of up to 98.6 %, coupled with significantly improved dielectric and piezoelectric properties: d(33)similar to 1080 pC/N, epsilon(r)similar to 2856, g(33)similar to 42.7 x 10(-3) Vm/N, d(33)xg(33)similar to 46.1 x 10(-12) m(2)/N, and d(33)*similar to 1375 pm/V@8 kV/cm. It is found that the high piezoelectric performance originates from the dual function of easy PNRs rotation induced by texturing engineering and increased heterogeneous polar regions caused by Sm3+ doping. Rayleigh analysis confirms that intrinsic contribution predominantly drives the high piezoelectric performance of 1.5Sm-T ceramics. The intrinsic piezoelectric coefficient d(33)(init ) and its orientation dependence, as investigated by first-principles calculations, further verify that the design strategy combining Sm3+ doping and [001](C) texturing is responsible for the high piezoelectric response theoretically. Our results demonstrate that 1.5Sm-T ceramics show great promise for electromechanical devices applications.

Conventional single-component Fe2AlB2 electromagnetic wave absorbers suffer from poor reflection attenuation capability alongside a limited effective absorption frequency range. Herein, we synthesize three-dimensional porous network-structured Fe2AlB2/PPy composites with enriched magnetic-dielectric heterogeneous interfaces to optimize electromagnetic parameters. The Fe2AlB2/PPy composite with optimized PPy content exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −20.12 dB at 17.92 GHz, with a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.92 GHz (12.08–18.00 GHz) at a thickness of 1.8 mm. Both experimental and calculation studies illustrate that the excellent dielectric performance of PPy can improve the impedance matching ratio and enhance electromagnetic wave attenuation capability compared to pristine Fe2AlB2. Moreover, the three-dimensional porous conductive network of the PPy facilitates repeated reflections and diffuse redirection of the incoming electromagnetic waves, resulting in a marked improvement in the absorption of incident electromagnetic waves. This work presents an efficient approach for designing three-dimensional porous network-structured heterostructures with magnetic-dielectric synergy as efficient electromagnetic wave absorbers.

Piezoelectric ceramics with high piezoelectric performance and Curie temperature and low sintering temperature are urgently required for multilayer piezoelectric devices applications. In this study, Pb0.985Sm0.01[(Sc1/2Nb1/2)(0.43)(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(0.10)Zr0.10Ti0.37]O-3-x wt% CuO (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) textured ceramics were successfully fabricated by the template grain growth method. A high F-001 of 99.1% is achieved in the x = 0.25 textured ceramic sintered at ultralow temperature of 900 degrees C. Meanwhile, favorable comprehensive properties are obtained in this composition: d(33) similar to 820 pC/N, T-c similar to 238 degrees C, E-c similar to 6.88 kV/cm, S-max similar to 0.30%@30 kV/cm, and H-s similar to 8.70%. Moreover, the variation of strain for this material remained within 14% over the temperature range of 30 degrees C to 170 degrees C, manifesting the good temperature stability. Our study provides an effective paradigm to achieving high piezoelectric performance and Curie temperature in ultralow temperature sintered PT-based piezoceramics, which facilitates the development of high-performance multilayer piezoelectric devices.

Ho-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (Ho-doped PMN-PT) single crystal with a size of phi 25 x 25 mm was successfully grown by the Bridgman technique. The [110]-oriented crystal taken from the starting part of the crystal ingot was studied in detail. The Rietveld refinement and room-temperature domain configuration reveal the coexistence of monoclinic (Mc) and tetragonal (T) phases in the studied crystal. Upon heating, the unpoled crystal undergoes a Mc -> T -> C phase transition process, while the poled crystal undergoes a Mc -> O -> T -> C phase transition process. The dielectric coefficient (epsilon 33/epsilon 0), piezoelectric constant (d 33), and electromechanical coupling factor (k t) are 5725, 1450 pC/N, and 0.5, respectively, all of which are higher than those of the [110]-oriented PMN-PT single crystal. The coercive field (E c) is 5.1 kV/cm, approximately twice that of the PMN-PT single crystal. Excellent epsilon 33/epsilon 0, d 33, and k t are attributed to the denser polar nanoregions induced by Ho doping, which is supported by the relaxor behavior and the dielectric-temperature curve at low temperatures. The increase in E c is attributed to the coexistence of the Mc and T phases. In addition, Ho doping induces PMN-PT crystals to achieve green light emission under 454 nm excitation. The strongest emission peak is at 552 nm, and extremely high color purity is exhibited. These characteristics make the developed single crystals a promising candidate for optoelectronic intelligent devices.

Owing to the unique two-dimensional structure similar to graphene, electronic structure and unique multiphase hybrid structure, VS2 can be potentially applied as an electromagnetic wave absorption material. However, the narrow effective absorption band and poor impedance matching characteristics lead to poor electromagnetic absorption performance of pristine VS2. Herein, a VS2/polypyrrole (VS2/PPy) composite absorber with a nanoflower structure is constructed. By carefully tuning the PPy content, the optimized VS2/PPy with conformal coating of PPy on the surface of the VS2 nanoflowers, exhibits the minimum reflection loss of -69.62 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 3.10 GHz (8.32-11.42 GHz) at a thickness of 2.7 mm. Due to the unique lamellar structure of the VS2 nanoflower, the electromagnetic wave propagation path is increased, which is conducive to the multiple scattering attenuation of electromagnetic waves. The encapsulation of PPy makes the electrons generate currents on the surface of the material and form a conductive network, which generates conduction losses. In addition, the dipoles, defects, pleated surfaces, and enriched interfaces in the VS2/PPy composite absorber lead to dipole polarization and interfacial polarization, which further attenuates the electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the optimized VS2/PPy composite absorber shows good electromagnetic wave absorbing properties.

In this study, anisotropy strategy was employed to effectively enhance the piezoelectric performance and energy harvesting capability of 6 Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3-61 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-33PbTiO3 (Abb. 6PSN-61PMN-33PT) ceramics. A high crystallographic orientation (Lotgering factor F001 exceeding 98.5 %) was obtained in 6PSN-61PMN-33PT textured ceramics using the template grain growth (TGG) method. The piezoelectric response of 6PSN-61PMN-33PT ceramics was significantly improved, while the dielectric constant (epsilon r) was reduced. Compared to random ceramics, the textured ceramics exhibited higher figure of merit (d33xg33), markedly enhanced electromechanical coupling factor (kp) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33). The optimal properties were obtained in 6PSN-61PMN-33PT textured ceramics with 1 wt% BaTiO3 template: d33 = 1179 pC/ N, kp = 0.87, epsilon r = 2766,d33xg33 = 5.67 x 10-11 m2/N, dielectric loss tan delta about 0.56 %, mechanical quality factor Qm = 194, and piezoelectric strain constant d*33 = 1130 pm/V and maximum strain S = 0.23 % at 20 kV/ cm. These results demonstrate that 6PSN-61PMN-33PT textured ceramics hold promising application potential in energy harvesters.

In this work, the high lotgering factor F-(001) similar to 94 % and high piezoelectric d(33) = 169 pC/N were obtained in [001](c)-oriented (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) textured ceramics by stable template strategy using a synergistic effect of sintering additive and multi-step sintering process in template grain growth (TGG) method. The CuO sintering additive, supplying a liquid, facilitated the epitaxial nucleation and orientation growth of BNT grains around [001]c-oriented plate-like BaTiO3 (BT) template at low temperature. The pre-oriented BNT grains with <001>orientation acted as the homogeneous template in BNT matrix for further development of texture at high temperature. The addition of CuO not only reduce the formation temperature of BNT orientation grains, slow down the diffusion of Ba2+ ions in BT template, but also increase the density of ceramics, which is beneficial to the stability of BT template, and enhancement of texture degree and electric properties of ceramics. The textured BNT ceramics exhibited an similar to 230 % improvement in piezoelectric response (169 pC/N) relative to their random counterparts (74 pC/N), as a result of their piezoelectric anisotropy and engineered domain status along with high mobility of domain walls. The Curie temperature (T-m) of all ceramics was around 300 degrees C, and the textured ceramics with 0.5 or 0.65mol% CuO showed a high thermal depolarization temperature of Td approximate to 110 or 140 degrees C. Our experimental results provide a new idea for the piezoelectric system where the template and matrix composition are miscible.

This study successfully synthesized high-quality BiFeO3 single crystals using the TSSG technique, overcoming the limitations of conventional flux methods in crystallographic orientation and size control. X-ray diffraction and back-reflection Laue analysis confirmed the orientation of [100]pc, [110]pc, and [111]pc facets. Magnetic characterization revealed: (1) The [110]pc orientation exhibited superior magnetic properties with S-shaped hysteresis loops indicative of glassy ferrimagnetism; (2) Zero-field-cooled and field-cooled curves revealed superparamagnetic blocking temperatures near 50 K and spin-glass-like freezing temperatures at similar to 120 K, with T-P > increasing as symmetry decreased. This work provides critical insights for crystallographic engineering of multiferroic materials.

The texturing have been considered as a great challenging in Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT) based ceramics with high Zr content (> 35 %) due to a severe chemical reaction between PZT powder and titanate templates. In this work, the high crystallographic orientation with lotgering factor F-001 > 98 % were successfully obtained in 0.09Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.91Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3 (9PMnN-91PZT) "hard" ceramics with Zr content (47.3 %) by the template grain growth (TGG) technology using [001]-oriented BaTiO3 (BT) template. The experimental results showed that the low sintering temperature (T-s = 850-900 degrees C) due to Mn ions introduction effectively reduce the interface reactions between PZT-based nano grains and BT templates, which improve the stability of BT template, resulting in a perfect grains orientation growth. The textured ceramics exhibited the similar to 2 times enhanced piezoelectric constant d(33) compared with random ceramics. The excellent electrical properties: d(33) = 360 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor k(p) = 0.62, mechanical quality factor Q(m) = 2507, Figure-of-merit (d(33) x Q(m)) above 900,000, coercive field E-c = 14.3 kV/cm, and Curie temperature T-c = 261 degrees C were obtained in 9PMnN-91PZT textured ceramics with 5 wt% BT template, which is highly promising for high power piezoelectric applications. Our research provides a practical method to suppress the chemical reaction between PZT matrix and BT templates. Moreover, this work may also be helpful for low-temperature co-fired ceramics.

In this work, a series of xPSN-(1 - x - y)PMN-yPT (x = 0.06 - 0.43, y = 0.32 - 0.42) ternary ceramics with different phase structures were synthesized by the solid state reaction method, and the specific phase structure, electrical properties and thermal stability as a function of compositions were investigated. It is found that with the increasing PT content, the phase transition sequence is MC + R -* MC + MA + R -*MC + T for the ceramics with the same PSN content. Meanwhile, with the increasing PSN content, the MPB compositions shift to higher PT content. The maximum d33 value for x = 0.06, 0.15, 0.29 and 0.43 ceramics occurs at y = 0.35, 0.37, 0.39 and 0.40, respectively, which are dominated by T phase and coexist with a small fraction of MC phase and the corresponding d33 value is 665, 620, 585 and 650 pC/N. From 30 degrees C to the depolarization temperature Td of each ceramic, the variation rate of d33 is 13%, 7%, 5%, and 15%, respectively, demonstrating that these ceramics have a good thermal stability. In addition, the 0.06PSN-0.59PMN-0.35PT ceramic with the highest d33 is selected as an active element of ultrasonic transducer, and the ultrasonic transducer with a center frequency of 4.65 MHz was produced. The -6 dB bandwidth and two-way insertion loss are 77.4 % and -21.45 dB, respectively. This work has important implications for the further development of high-performance PT based ferroelectrics.

Addressing the limitations of poor piezoelectric photocatalytic activity and insufficient magnetic recovery in pure BiFeO3 nanoparticles, Gd and Zr co-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method. The structural characterization revealed a rhombohedral-to-orthorhombic phase transition with reduced grain size (~35 nm) and lattice distortion due to dopant incorporation. An XPS analysis confirmed Fe3+ dominance and oxygen vacancy enrichment, while optimized BGFZ9 exhibited enhanced remanent magnetization (0.1753 emu/g, 14.14 increase) compared to undoped BFO. The synergistic piezo-photocatalytic system achieved 81.08% Ofloxacin degradation within 120 min (rate constant: 0.0136 min−1, 1.26 higher than BFO) through stress-induced piezoelectric fields that promoted electron transfer for ·O2−/·OH radical generation via O2 reduction. The Ofloxacin degradation efficiency decreased to 24.36% after four cycles, with structural integrity confirmed by XRD phase stability. This work demonstrates a triple-optimization mechanism (crystal phase engineering, defect modulation, and magnetic enhancement) for designing magnetically recoverable multiferroic catalysts in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

Ternary ceramics 0.105PIN-0.465PSN-0.43PT (PIN-PSN-PT) with BiFeO3 addition were prepared using the two-step sintering method. Effect of BiFeO3 addition on the electrical properties and temperature stability of PIN-PSN-PT ceramics was investigated. The sintering temperatures could be reduced significantly from 1250 °C for PIN-PSN-PT ceramic to 900 °C for PIN-PSN-PT ceramics with BiFeO3 addition. For the PIN-PSN-PT ceramics with BiFeO3 ceramics, the densified microstructure could be obtained at the low temperature of 900 °C. A small amount of BiFeO3 addition could improve the phase transition temperature and piezoelectric properties. The best comprehensive electrical performances were obtained in PIN-PSN-PT-0.1wt

To address the challenge of concurrent regulation of piezoelectric and upconversion (UC) luminescent properties in multifunctional ceramics, this study introduces a texturing‐induced crystal field engineering strategy. The [001] c texturing can significantly facilitate polarization rotations, meanwhile reducing the local crystal field symmetry at the B‐sites of the Er 3+ doped perovskites. As a result, a breakthrough in the piezoelectric and UC luminescent performance has been achieved in Er 3+ doped Pb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 ‐Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐PbTiO 3 (PSN‐PMN‐PT) ceramics by constructing the [001] c ‐oriented grains with a high Lotgering factor F 001 ∼ 99.2%. The 0.0175Er:PSN‐PMN‐PT textured ceramic presents ultrahigh piezoelectric constant d 33 ∼ 1120 pC N −1 and great luminescence thermal sensitivity ( S a = 0.0043 K −1 , S r = 0.028 K −1 , δ T = 0.48 K). Leveraging the dynamic correlation between crystal field‐modulated thermally coupled energy levels (TCLs) and in situ piezoelectric‐temperature responses, the textured ceramic demonstrates a dual‐mode self‐calibrated temperature sensing capability, showing its great potential for advanced optoelectronic‐integrated applications. This study provides a new strategy to modulate the crystal field for the design of high‐performance piezoelectric and UC luminescent multifunctional ceramics.

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In this work, texturing is proposed to improve the piezoelectric response of PSN-PMN-PT ceramics. The PSN-PMN-PT textured ceramic with a Lotgering factor F001 higher than 99% was synthesized by the liquidphase-assisted template grain growth (TGG) method. The addition of CuO/B2 O3 sintering aids improves the BT templates induced grain orientation growth behavior significantly. In comparison with its random counterpart, the Cu/B-T textured ceramic exhibits a high Lotgering factor F001 of 99% and significantly enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric responses: epsilon r similar to 3100, tan delta similar to 0.8%, d33 similar to 1030 pC N-1 , d33 center dot g33 similar to 34.2 x 10-12 m2 N-1 , d33 & lowast; similar to 1490 pm V-1 @5 kV cm-1 , Smax similar to 0.26%@20 kV cm-1 and Hs similar to 8.5%. In the meantime, good temperature stability is observed in the Cu/B-T textured ceramic with a variation of d33 & lowast;@20 kV cm-1 and annealed d33 lower than 9.68% and 18.1% over a wide temperature range of 25- 140 degrees C. This work shows that PSN-PMN-PT textured ceramic (Cu/B-T) has great potential for electromechanical device applications such as precision actuators, ultrasound transducers, and energy harvesters. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

In order to explore the ceramic composition in the morphotropic phase boundary suitable for the high temperature electronic components, Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-PbTiO3(PSN-PIN-PT) ceramics were designed and prepared by using the solid-state reaction method. Effect of the ceramic composition on the phase structure and electric properties of the PSN-PIN-PT ceramics were investigated. For 0.40PSN-(0.60-x)PIN-xPT(x = 0.360, 0.375, 0.390, 0.405), the increase in the PT could improve gradually Curie temperature Tc (262–292°C), but will reduce the phase transition TR-T (94–181 °C). Maximum of piezoelectric coefficient d33 (578 pC/N) could be obtained in the 0.40PSN-0.21PIN-0.39PT ceramics, together with large residual polarization Pr ( 36.7 µC/cm2) and high coercive field Ec ( 9.3 kV/cm). These performances make the PSN-PIN-PT ceramics have great potential applications in the high temperature device.