Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been increasingly associated with abnormalities in synaptic pruning. Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the genetic and immunological underpinnings of ASD, its core pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a network model integrating the in flammatory response pathway in microglia with synaptic signaling pathway to investigate how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and synaptic activity jointly regulate microglia–mediated synaptic pruning. Our results reveal that pro-in flammatory activation of microglia impairs pruning efficiency under reduced synaptic activity, leading to excessive synaptic accumulation particularly in the prefrontal cortex and contributing to ASD-like phenotypes. Conversely, enhanced synaptic activity partially suppresses LPS-induced synaptic apoptosis and promotes synaptic retention. These findings suggest multiple therapeutic strategies, including targeting pruningrelated molecular pathways, mitigating neuroinflammation, and modulating synaptic excitability to alleviate ASD symptoms. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. National Natural Science Foundation of China, 12090052

This study evaluated the effects of perioperative nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team on nutrition and postoperative complications of patients with esophageal cancer. A total of 239 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction for esophageal or esophagogastric junction cancer between February 2019 and February 2020 were included in the study. They were divided into the experimental group (120 patients) and the control group (119 patients) using the random number table method. Control group patients received routine diet management and experimental group patients received perioperative nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team. The differences of nutriture and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared. At 3 and 7 days after surgery, the experimental group patients had higher total protein and albumin levels (P<0.05), shorter postoperative anal exhaust time (P<0.05), lower incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal adverse reactions, pneumonia, anastomotic fistula, hypoproteine-mia (P<0.05), and lower hospitalization costs (P<0.05) than the control group. Nutrition management by a multidisciplinary team effectively improved the nutriture of patients, promoted the rapid recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function, reduced postoperative complications, and reduced hospitalization costs.

Background Malnutrition is common in patients with cancer, and this adversely affects the survival and quality of life of patients. Chinese Society for Nutritional Oncology issued a multi-center, large-scale, long-term follow-up prospective study, the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Patients with Common Cancers in China（INSCOC study） since 2013. This is an extension to the previous 2013-2020 study protocol. This study still sought to:（1） address the prognostic impact of nutritional factors and quality of life on cancer patient survival;（2） describe the overall and cancer-specific incidence and/or distribution of malnutrition and different measurements of patient quality of life. Methods and study design This is an observational, multi-centered, hospital-based prospective cohort study. Data collection will be performed at baseline（within 48 hours after patient admission）, during the hospital stay and 30 days after hospital admission. Follow-up will be conducted for 1-20 years after enrollment. The primary outcome will be the all-cause mortality/overall survival, and secondary outcomes will be the length of hospital stay and costs of hospitalization. Study factors will include demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, information about chronic diseases, hematological measurements（e.g., red blood cell count, total lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin,albumin, prealbumin, creatinine, C-reactive protein, IL-6）, anthropometric measurements（e.g., height, weight, arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist circumference）, body composition parameters, PG-SGA scores, quality of life（as indicated by the QLQ-C30 questionnaire）, muscle mass（as indicated by the calf circumference）, muscle strength（as indicated by the handgrip strength）, muscle function（as indicated by the six-meter walking speed test） and physical status assessments（as indicated by the Karnofsky Performance Status scores）. This clinical study protocol was approved by local Ethics Committees of all the participating hospitals. Written informed consent is required for each subject included. Discussion This multi-center, large-scale, long-term followup prospective study will help improve the diagnosis of malnutrition in cancer patients and identify the risk factors associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The anticipated results of this study will highlight the need for a truly scientific appraisal of nutrition therapy in Chinese oncology populations, and finally help treat the potentially reversible elements of malnutrition in cancer patients to improve their clinical outcomes in the future.

Globally, wetlands have been severely damaged due to natural environment and human activities. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of wetlands and their driving forces is essential for their effective protection. This study proposes a research framework to explore the interaction between the natural environment and human activities and its impact on wetland changes, by introducing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, then applying the methodology in Wuhan, a typical wetland city in China. The validity and reliability evaluation indicated that the PLS-SEM model is reasonable. The results showed that the area of wetlands in Wuhan decreased by 10.98% in 1990-2018 and four obvious direct pathways of influence were found. Positive soil and terrain conditions are conducive to maintaining wetlands, while rapid urbanization drastically reduce the distribution of wetlands. It is remarkable that the impact of climate on wetlands is gradually shifting from positive to negative. Furthermore, four potential indirect impact pathways affecting wetland distribution shown that urbanization and climate enhance the negative impact of terrain on wetland distribution, while their impacts on soil weaken soil's direct positive impact. This study provides a quantitative methodology for determining the causes of wetland loss; it can also be applied to other cities or regions, which is essential for applying more effective measures to protect wetlands.

Silver is widely used in medical materials, photography, electronics, imaging and other industries because of its unique properties. However, silver ions are listed as one of the most toxic heavy metal ions, which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. In order to detect the concentration of silver ions in an aqueous environment sensitively and accurately, a fluorescence aptasensor for detecting the concentration of silver ions in aqueous environment is proposed, which takes advantage of the excellent optical quenching property of nanogold and the stronger ability of double chain aptamers to capture silver ions based on the principle of fluorescence energy resonance transfer. Aptamer modified with SH bonds were mixed with nanogold to form stable nanostructures, and aptamer labeled with FAM were added to form a working solution to detect the concentration of silver ions. In the absence of silvers, two aptamers cannot hybridize with each other due to the repulsive force between the mismatched bases C-C, and the reaction system has strong fluorescence. In the presence of silver ions, the mismatched C-C in the double-stranded aptamers can form a stable C-Ag+-C base pair with the silver ions through the interaction between metal ion and base. The generation of this composite structure will shorten the distance between the gold nanoparticles and the fluorophore, so that the fluorescence signal will gradually weaken with the increase of silver ion concentration. According to the change of fluorescence intensity before and after adding silver ion, the concentration of silver ion can be detected. At the same time, in order to improve the sensitivity and stability of the sensor, the concentration ratio of gold and nucleic acid aptamers in the working solution, the concentration of sodium chloride, the pH of the buffer and the culture temperature were optimized. The results showed that when the volume ratio of 0.012 5 g . L-1 nano gold to 5 mu mol . L-1 aptamer was 5 : 1, the concentration of NaCl was 260 mmol . L-1, the pH of the buffer was 7, and the culture temperature was 30 degrees C, the initial fluorescence intensity of the working solution was the strongest, the detection limit of silver ion was 10 nmol . L-1, and the correlation coefficient was R-2=0.99. Based on the characteristics of high recognition ability and strong affinity of aptamers to silver ions, the sensor showed good selectivity to silver ions and was not disturbed by other substances. In addition, the sensor has good specificity for silver ion concentration detection, and has the advantages of simple operation, sensitivity and no introduction of toxic solvents, so it has a good application prospect for silver ion concentration detection in the water environment.

Background Malnutrition is common in patients with cancer, and can negatively impact their quality of life（QoL） and even survival. However, there is currently no large data available on the prevalence of malnutrition in Chinese cancer patients. This study evaluated the prevalence of malnutrition and the QoL of Chinese patients with locoregional, recurrent or metastatic cancer. Methods We conducted a nationwide observational, multi-center, hospital-based cross-sectional study within the Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology（CSNO） Network. All of the patients were diagnosed with one of the following 18 different types of malignant tumors: lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, leukemia, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, biliary tract malignant tumors or gastrointestinal stromal tumors. These patients were enrolled from 72 hospitals located in different regions of China. The patients’ nutritional status was evaluated based on the body mass index（BMI）, loss of bodyweight, laboratory measurements and patient generated-subjective global assessment（PGSGA） scores. The cancer patients’ physical status and QoL were assessed by the Karnofsky Performance Status（KPS） questionnaire and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer（EORTC） QLQ-C30 questionnaire, respectively. Results From December 2013 to April 2016, 23,994 patients hospitalized for cancer treatment（such as surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy） were enrolled in the study. The patients included 12,494（52.9%） males and 11,124（47.1%） females. The mean age was 55.8±13.7 years. The proportions of patients in cancer stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and uncertain were 11.5%, 20.3%, 27.5%, 30.2% and 10.5%, respectively. Among the 23,994 inpatients, the proportions of patients who were underweight（BMI ＜ 18.5 kg/m~2）, normal（18.5 kg/m~2 ＜ BMI ＜ 24 kg/m~2）, overweight（24 kg/m~2 ≤ BMI ＜ 28 kg/m~2） and obese（BMI ≥ 28 kg/m~2） were 9.3%, 59.9%, 26.1% and 4.7%, respectively. A total of 18.3%（4,101/22,424） of patients had lost 5% or more of their bodyweight within the past month and 19.6%（2,463/12,538） of patients had lost 10% or more of their bodyweight within the past 6 months. According to the PG-SGA scores, 26.6% of the patients were severely malnourished（score ≥ 9）, 31.3% were moderately malnourished（scores 4～8）. A total of 22.2% of patients had a serum albumin level lower than 35 g/L. Only 8.6%（2056/23,991） of the patients had severe KPS scores（≤ 60）. The patients with these severe KPS scores were most frequently among those with cancers of the brain（19.7%）, prostate（18.0%）, pancreas（15.5%） and bladder（15.0%）. Based on the QLQ-C30 score, 11.6% of patients had a poor QoL. The PG-SGA score and global QoL were correlated（r =-0.593, P ＜ 0.001）. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with cancer is relatively high, and is related to a poorer QoL. The present findings should be kept in mind when assessing cancer patients, because addressing the patient’s problems in nutritional status would be expected to improve both the clinical outcomes and QoL in cancer patients with malnutrition.

Importance: The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may be a predictive correlate of protection for both natural infections and vaccinations. Identifying predictors of robust antibody responses is important to evaluate the risk of re-infection / vaccine failure and may be translatable to vaccine effectiveness. Objective: To 1) determine the durability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibodies in subjects who experienced mild and moderate to severe COVID-19, and 2) to evaluate the correlation of age and IgG responses to both endemic human seasonal coronaviruses (HCoVs) and SARS-CoV-2 according to infection outcome. Design: Longitudinal serum samples were collected from PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive participants (U.S. active duty service members, dependents and military retirees, including a range of ages and demographics) who sought medical treatment at seven U.S. military hospitals from March 2020 to March 2021 and enrolled in a prospective observational cohort study. Results: We observed SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in 100% of inpatients followed for six months (58/58) to one year (8/8), while we observed seroreversion in 5% (9/192) of outpatients six to ten months after symptom onset, and 18% (2/11) of outpatients followed for one year. Both outpatient and inpatient anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding-IgG responses had a half-life (T1/2) of >1000 days post-symptom onset. The magnitude of neutralizing antibodies (geometric mean titer, inpatients: 378 [246-580, 95% CI] versus outpatients: 83 [59-116, 95% CI]) and durability (inpatients: 65 [43-98, 95% CI] versus outpatients: 33 [26-40, 95% CI]) were associated with COVID-19 severity. Older age was a positive correlate with both higher IgG binding and neutralizing antibody levels when controlling for COVID-19 hospitalization status. We found no significant relationships between HCoV antibody responses and COVID-19 clinical outcomes, or the development of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions and Relevance: This study demonstrates that humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are robust on longer time-scales, including those arising from milder infections.

This study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of different concentrations (23, 90, 360 mg/kg BW) of atrazine (ATZ) on immune function in BALB/c mice. Some parameters of general immunotoxicity, humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and non-specific immunity were tested. The studies showed that the high-dose ATZ induced a significant reduction in the final body weight of mice, the absolute and relative weights of spleen, the counts of white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), monocyte (MON), and the number of splenocyte. An increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and cholesterol (CHO) in the high-dose ATZ group was observed. Pathological examination showed that the medium- and high-doses of ATZ caused atrophy and destruction of thymus, spleen, and hepatorenal toxicity. The serum interleukin-5(IL-5) level of mice and the number of plaque-forming cell (PFC) in spleen cells in the high-dose ATZ group decreased significantly while there was a significant increase of the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the high-dose ATZ group when compared to the negative control group. In the high-dose ATZ group, the proliferation ability of T and B lymphocytes as well as the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were significantly decreased. The low-dose ATZ (23 mg/kg BW) caused a significant decrease in the number of WBC and neutrophil (NEUT), as well as the proportion of polychromatic and normoblast. In summary, we thought the low-dose ATZ has a slight effect on the immune system; it can be preliminarily concluded that the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of atrazine is 23 mg/kg BW in mice. Atrazine can cause immunotoxicity mainly through cellular and humoral immunity pathways.

In the paper, a novel color image encryption scheme is proposed by use of the three-dimensional chaotic maps and some data reconstruction techniques. In the diffusion process of the encryption algorithm, the three-dimensional chaotic Logistic map is introduced to changes the pixel value of the plain image. Meanwhile, in the confusion process, the three-dimensional chaotic Cat map is applied to deal with the position of the image pixels. Moreover, some data reconstruction techniques are employed for the better encryption result. Furthermore, the corresponding decryption algorithm is also given. The significant advantages of our method are the effectiveness and simplicity, and our proposed method breaks the correlation between image pixel layers, offers a large key space and against differential and statistical attacks effectively. Finally, the superiority of the proposed algorithm will be shown by the experimental results, security analysis, and the corresponding comparisons with literature.

Abstract This study aims to investigate heat transfer and flow characteristics of ethylene glycol/water (EGW) and CuO–EGW nanofluids in circular tubes with and without trapezoid ribs. Nusselt number and friction factor in tubes with trapezoid ribs are analysed under a constant heat flux by changing rib bottom angles. This study compares the convective heat transfer coefficients of 6 vol.% CuO–EGW nanofluid and base fluid. It is found that under a constant Reynolds number, the Nusselt number and friction factor for CuO–EGW nanofluid and base fluid increase with an increase in the inclination angle. The Nusselt number for the CuO–EGW nanofluid in the tube with 75° rib bottom angle averagely increases by 135.8% compared to that in the smooth tube, and the performance evaluation criterion is 1.64.

目的 观察多学科围术期全程营养管理对食管癌患者营养状态和术后并发症的影响.方法 选择2019年2月至2020年2月四川大学华西医院胸外科确诊并行择期手术治疗的食管癌患者239例为研究对象,将其随机分为试验组(120例)和对照组(119例),其中试验组男97例、女23例,平均年龄(63.78±9.13)岁;对照组男94例、女25例,平均年龄(64.12±7.91)岁.对照组患者接受常规围术期饮食管理,试验组患者接受多学科围术期全程营养管理,比较两组患者营养状况和术后并发症的差异.结果 试验组术后第3d和第7d的总蛋白和白蛋白水平高于对照组患者(P＜0.05),术后肛门排气时间短于对照组患者(P＜0.05),术后胃肠道不良反应、肺部感染、吻合口瘘、术后第3d和第7d的低蛋白血症发生率均低于对照组患者(P＜0.05),试验组患者住院总费用少于对照组患者(P＜0.05).结论 多学科全程营养管理能有效改善患者营养状态、促进术后胃肠功能快速恢复、减少术后并发症、降低住院费用,具备较高的临床参考和推广价值.

The stretchable conductive ink is a functional material which enables the ink film to have better electrical conductivity after stretching and folding. It has broad application prospects in the field of flexible electronic devices. From the perspective of realizing the stretchability and electrical properties of ink films, this paper introduces the most research progress of nanometal-based stretchable conductive inks. The definition and characteristics of flexible electronics are introduced, and several methods for flexible electronic devices are mainly summarized. The mechanism and realization of stretchable conductive inks are reviewed. Then the applications of stretchable conductive inks based on these methods are introduced. Finally, the problems and technical shortcomings of the stretchable conductive ink in the development of flexible electronic devices are analyzed and the prospect of this new functional ink is predicted. The application of this ink can simplify and optimize the production process of stretchable conductor and make important impacts to flexible electronics.

Donor cell-derived leukaemia (DCL) is an uncommon complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). DCL might represent up to 5% of the post-HSCT disease relapses, but case numbers reported in the literature might underestimate the frequency. The leukemogenesis of DCL is not well understood due to the limited numbers of cases reported and lack of detailed molecular genetic information from recipients and donors. Although many theories have been proposed for leukemogenesis of DCL, the underlying molecular genetic mechanism are likely heterogeneous. Here we report a case of donor cell-derived acute myeloid leukaemia with 3q26.2 involvement/MECOM rearrangement and chromosome 20q deletion. We also reviewed the literature of previously described DCL cases, and we discussed the risk factors that might be important to the onset of DCL.

The assessment of nutritional status and the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer has become one of the important goals of current clinical treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status in hospitalized gastric cancer patients by using patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) and to analyze the influence of nutritional status on the patients’ quality of life (QOL).

This paper is concerned with the modified function projective synchronization of the uncertain complex dynamic networks with both input nonlinearity and multiple time-varying delay couplings. Firstly, the model of the complex dynamic networks with sector nonlinear input, multiple time-varying delay couplings, model uncertainty and external disturbance is constructed. Then, the adaptive controller is formulated based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the matrix inequality theory, by which the network nodes of the driving system and the response system can realize modified function projective synchronization according to the corresponding function scaling factors. Finally, a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system is considered as the nodes of the complex dynamic networks to achieve numerical simulation. The corresponding theoretical proof and computer simulation are worked out to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme.

In order to reduce the complex modification process and obtain a fast and label-free aptasensor, a label-free fluorescent aptasensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was constructed for rapid determination of dopamine (DA). In the absence of DA, CQDs were adsorbed on the surface of AuNPs through the electrostatic force between CQDs and aptamer, which led to the fluorescence quenching of CQDs. When DA were added, they combined with the corresponding aptamers with higher affinity and selectivity, resulting in CQDs far from the surface of AuNPs and thus the fluorescence intensity of CQDs was recovered. Under the optimal condition, the fluorescence intensity of the released CQDs was linearly proportional to the concentration of DA in a range of 5×10-8˜2.5×10-4mol/L with a detection limit of 1×10-8mol/L. Moreover, the aptasensor exhibited a satisfactory detection result of DA in human serum samples. This study provided a more effective method to detect a broad range of targets by using appropriate aptamers, holding great potential in the field of food safety and biomedical diagnostics.

In this study, a flexible film temperature sensor was fabricated by screen printing technology. The temperature sensor was fabricated by firstly printing nano-silver conductive ink and sequentially carbon temperature sensitive ink onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. By changing the proportion of nano-carbon black in the temperature sensitive ink and the sintering temperature of the nano-silver conductive ink, the effects on the conductivity and temperature sensitivity of the flexible film sensor were investigated, and the linearity, hysteresis and stability of the prepared sensor were verified. When the sintering temperature of silver electrode based on PET film was 130 °C, the electrode square resistance was 10.2 mΩ/□. When the ambient temperature varies between 25 and 75 °C, the resistance of the temperature sensor decreases as the amount of nano-carbon black added increases. Besides, the flexible temperature sensor shows high linearity and good stability. By virtue of the flexibility, simple preparation process and low cost, this flexible temperature sensor that can be found useful in a certain range of applications, including wearable devices, biomedical devices, smart packaging and smart house.

An experimental investigation has been carried out to analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the silicon microchannel heat sinks with periodic jetting or throttling structures by using deionized water with flow rates of 28-95 ml/min. The heat sink includes 10 parallel microchannel with 49 identical units (jetting or throttling structures) long the flow direction, width of 100-200 mu m, depth of 215 mu m. Results show the heat transfer of throttling microchannel heat sink is enhanced obviously albeit with larger pressure drop penalty. It is because that the fluid is completely blocked by the sudden contractible structure, then forms the severe reflux to wash divergent structure and enhance fluid mixing. Compared with jetting microchannel heat sink, the Nu(av) of throttling microchannel heat sink is improved to 1.56-1.29 times albeit with f increased to 1.84-1.51 times with increasing of flow rates. But the total performance evaluation criterion (PEC) is increased to about 2.5 times. For maximum temperature < 60 degrees C, the required minimum flow rates of throttling microchannel heat sink are reduced obviously. Even the pumping power of that is increased at heater power larger than 50 W, the thermal resistance is reduced severely. It means the throttling microchannel heat sink can meet larger heater power with lower flow rates in application.

In this paper, a new chaotic system is proposed, whose dynamical behaviors are discussed with the change of the parameters in detail. The specific effects of different parameters on the system are also discussed. By adjusting these parameters of the proposed circuit, this nonlinear circuit can produce the different dynamical behaviors, such as, hyper chaotic behavior, periodic behavior, transient behavior, etc. Furthermore, a novel kind of modified compound synchronization has been investigated, where the multiple chaotic systems have been considered for different combination modes: the compound system of four scaling drive systems and one response system. The corresponding controllers are designed to realize the modified compound synchronization. The theoretical proofs and numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed chaotic system and the modified compound synchronization.

According to the principle of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based method was used to develop a highly sensitive fluorescent aptasensor for detecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In this work, a polyA(n)-based special nucleic acid aptarners modified on gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) were hybridized with the FAM-labeled single-stand oligonucleotides. It was found that a great enhancement of fluorescence intensity in the nanostructures could be programmable regulated by adjusting the number of base A. The experiments showed the maximum enhancement for the fluorophore occurs when the polyA(n) length reached to 9 nm and, there was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and concentrations of ATP in the range of 0.5-1 nM. The detection limit obtained was 0.2 nM. Compared with the detection performances of traditional strategies, the sensitivity of the method was increased by more than 7 times, which make it hold great potential in bioanalytical and biological studies.