This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS) in improving bladder function in DBA mice by focusing on the repair of neurotransmission processes via the myosin Va pathway, specifically addressing its role in transport and docking of neurotransmitter vesicles. DBA mice were used to assess bladder dysfunction based on metabolic cage monitoring and urodynamics. The experiment included a control group, a DBA group, APS low-, medium-, and high-dose(0.256, 0.513, and 1.026 g·kg~(-1)) groups, and a positive control mecobalamin(0.195 g·kg~(-1)) group. After 3 weeks of administration, in vitro bladder detrusor muscle tension, voiding monitoring, and urodynamic assessment were performed. The expression of myosin Va and the synaptic vesicle marker protein synaptophysin was detected by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence to further investigate the regulation of myosin Va and synaptophysin by APS. Bladder function was evaluated by in vitro detrusor tension experiments and urodynamics. The results showed that compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of myosin Va and synaptophysin in the bladder of DBA mice were significantly decreased, suggesting that insufficient myosin Va expression led to impaired short-distance transport of vesicles. DBA mice displayed bladder contractile dysfunction, with significantly reduced contractile force upon electrical field stimulation; decreased voiding frequency and reduced voided volume; and urodynamic manifestations including prolonged voiding time, increased maximum bladder capacity, and markedly decreased maximum voiding pressure. APS treatment significantly improved bladder function in DBA mice by increasing voiding frequency, enhancing detrusor contractility, reducing residual urine volume, decreasing compliance, and significantly upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of myosin Va and synaptophysin. In conclusion, the expression of myosin Va and synaptic vesicle marker proteins in the bladder of DBA mice was significantly downregulated, which may lead to impaired neurotransmitter vesicle transport and docking, subsequently causing voiding dysfunction characterized by decreased maximum voiding pressure. APS can significantly upregulate the expression of myosin Va and synaptophysin, repair neurotransmission, thereby enhancing detrusor contractility and improving bladder function.

People have difficulty in eating and speaking when they are suffering from mouth ulcers. Some studies suggest that estradiol is associated with the development and treatment of mouth ulcers, while some do not. To clarify the effect of estradiol on mouth ulcers, we performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis to evaluate their relationship. Data were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS project and UK biobank, including male estradiol dataset (case/controls = 13,367/134,323), female estradiol dataset (case/controls = 37,461/126,524), mouth ulcers dataset (case/controls = 47,102/414,011). The causal associations were estimated by MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, simple mode, and weighted mode. Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO tests, and leave-one-out analysis were used to examine sensitivity analyses. The MVMR controlling for depression, anxiety or panic attacks, severe stress and adjustment disorders was used to assess the effect of estradiol on mouth ulcers. Through screening, 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of males and 2 SNPs of females in estradiol were used for harmonizing and MR analysis. The 2-sample MR analysis showed no causal association between estradiol of males and mouth ulcers (IVW, OR: 0.998, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.995-1.001, P = .18). Similar results were obtained between estradiol of females and mouth ulcers (IVW, OR: 1.000, 95% CI: 0.988-1.012, P = .97). No pleiotropy and heterogeneity were found and the results were robust (P > .05). After adjusting for the potential effects of confounders, estradiol of males and mouth ulcers still showed no causal association through MVMR analysis (P = .081). While MVMR analysis showed that the causal relationship between estradiol and mouth ulcers in women could not be statistical for the small number of SNPs. There was no evidence of a causal relationship between estradiol and mouth ulcers. The strategy of treating mouth ulcers with estradiol still needs to be confirmed by more studies.

Background and Objective: Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’, as the fruit epicarp of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ or C. grandis (L.) Osbeck, is widely used in health food and medicine. Actually, based on our survey results, there are also rich essential oils with bioativities in leaves, but the chemical compounds in this part and relevant pharmacological activities have never been studied systematically yet. Therefore, this study was to preliminarily decipher the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of the essential oil in leaves of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ by an integrated network pharmacology approach. Methods: Essential oil compositions from leaves of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ were identified using GC-MS/MS. And then the targets of these oil compositions were predicted and screened from TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction, STITCH and SEA databases. STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction networks, and the eligible protein targets were input into WebGestalt 2019 to carry out GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Based on the potential targets, disease enrichment information was obtained by TTD databases. Cytoscape software was used to construct the component-target-disease network diagrams. Results: Finally, 61 essential oil chemical components were identified by GC-MS/MS, which correspond to 679 potential targets. Biological function analysis showed that there were 12, 19, and 12 GO entries related to biological processes, cell components and molecular functions, respectively. 43 KEGG pathways were identified, of which the most significant categories were terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, TNF signaling pathway and leishmaniasis. The component-target-disease network diagram revealed that the essential oil compositions in leaves of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ could treat tumors, immune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and respiratory diseases, which were highly related to CHRM1, PTGS2, CASP3, MAP2K1 and CDC25B. Conclusion: This study may provide a new insight into C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ or C. grandis (L.) Osbeck and may provide useful information for future utilization and development.

Background and objective: As the pathological mechanisms of AD are complex, increasing evidence have demonstrated Chinese Medicine with multi-ingredients and multi-targets may be more suitable for the treatment of diseases with complex pathogenesis. Therefore, the study was to preliminarily decipher the bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of Qiong Yu Gao (QYG) for AD prevention and treatment by an integrated network pharmacology approach. Methods: Putative ingredients of QYG and significant genes of AD were retrieved from public database after screening. Then QYG ingredients target proteins/genes were obtained by target fishing. Compound-target-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape to decipher the mechanism of QYG for AD. KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and pathways related to QYG for AD treatments. Results: Finally, 70 compounds and 511 relative drug targets were collected. In which, 17 representative direct targets were found. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway was the key biological processes and were regulated simultaneously by the 17 direct targets. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that three signaling pathways were closely related to AD prevention and treatment by QYG, including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway and insulin resistance pathway. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that QYG exerted the effect of preventing and treating AD by regulating multi-targets with multi-components. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that a network pharmacology-based approach was useful for elucidation of the interrelationship between complex diseases and interventions of Chinese herbal medicines.

Background: Hair loss is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, which can cause persistent negative emotions, further affecting therapeutic effects and reducing the quality of life. However, there is no clinically safe and effective methods to solve the problem at present. Our previous clinical and animal studies showed that a medicinal and edible decoction YH0618 could significantly promote hair growth in cancer patients after chemotherapy, without interfering with the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy. Besides, the theory of Chinese Medicine believes “Essence of the kidney is reflected on the hair”. Therefore, this study will further explore the efficacy of YH0618 granule on chemotherapy-induced hair loss in patients with breast cancer by a randomized, double-blind, multi-center clinical trial and elucidate the potential mechanism from the aspect of kidney deficiency or renal dysfunction.Methods/Design: Eligible breast cancer patients who will start chemotherapy will be randomly divided into group A (YH0618 granule) and group B (placebo). The chemotherapeutic agents contains Taxanes or/and Anthracyclines, and chemotherapy regimen will last at least 6 cycles with every three weeks a cycle. Subjects assigned to group A will receive YH0618 granules two times a day (6 g each time), 6 days a week, mixing with 300 ml warm water from the first to the fourth chemotherapy cycle. Subjects in group B will receive the placebo granule in the same manner. The primary outcome is the time point of occurrence of hair loss reaching grade II assessed by WHO Toxicity Grading Scale, and objective indexes of hair quality and hair follicle recorded by a hair and scalp detector before the fifth chemotherapy. Secondary outcomes include changes of facial color and thumbnails color, grading of thumbnails ridging, assessment of quality life, fatigue, routine blood test, hepatic and renal function, and some medical indicators which can reflect kidney deficiency in Chinese Medicine.Discussion: This research is of great significance for the treatment of cancer and improving the quality of life of patients. The study may provide the most direct evidence for meeting clinical needs and lay a solid scientific foundation for later product development.Trial registration: The trial was registered on 14 December 2018 at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800020107.

目的 探索琼玉膏抗衰老以及下丘脑nf-kb炎症通路的激活与GnRH1基因甲基化相关性的可能分子机制.方法 ①观察比较6只24月龄自然衰老SD大鼠和6只2月龄青年SD大鼠下丘脑衰老相关蛋白及其基因mRNA的表达水平:Western Blot检测GnRH1、Sirt1、DNMT1、DNMT3a的蛋白表达水平;Real-Time PCR检测GnRH1、Sirt1、DNMT1、DNMT3a基因mRNA的表达水平;使用SPSS19.0统计软件做统计学分析.MSP法检测老年鼠和青年鼠GnRH1基因甲基化情况.②通过分离新生SD大鼠下丘脑神经元干细胞,建立D-半乳糖诱导的下丘脑神经元干细胞衰老模型,比较正常神经元干细胞组、D-半乳糖衰老组以及不同浓度琼玉膏干预组之间炎性因子及NF-κB表达的差异.结果 ①GnRH1、Sirt1、DNMT1的蛋白及其基因mRNA表达水平在老年鼠中明显降低,与青年鼠比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);DNMT3a的蛋白及基因mRNA表达水平在老年鼠中无明显变化,与青年鼠比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);老年鼠中GnRH1基因出现部分甲基化,青年鼠中GnRH1基因未发生甲基化.②D-半乳糖诱导建立的神经元干细胞衰老模型呈现炎性指标高表达以及NF-κB信号通路激活;琼玉膏可抑制炎性因子、nuclear P65的表达水平以及NF-κB的转录活性;并且,随着琼玉膏浓度从45 μg/ml增加到90μg/ml,其提前干预D-半乳糖诱导的神经元干细胞衰老的作用也相应增强.结论 琼玉膏抗衰老的可能分子机制在于降低下丘脑神经元干细胞炎性因子表达和NF-κB转录活性,进而能够逆转衰老进程中Gn-RH1基因甲基化及其表达水平下降.

目的 研究琼玉膏对衰老大鼠产生调节作用的相关蛋白质,在分子水平上探索琼玉膏的作用机制.方法 将42只6月龄SD雄性大鼠随机平均分为3组,分别标记为琼玉膏组、空白组和模型组.给药结束后,取三组大鼠下丘脑全蛋白,运用同位素相对标记与绝对定量(iTRAQ)技术,分离、分析、鉴定大鼠下丘脑差异蛋白质.结果 成功建立衰老大鼠模型,分析比较三组大鼠下丘脑蛋白质,发现14种显著差异蛋白质.结论 14种显著差异蛋白分别为,细胞色素C氧化酶多肽Ⅵc-2、中性神经酰胺酶、植烷酸-辅酶A羟化酶相互作用类蛋白、尼克酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶、尾锚定蛋白插入受体WRB、O-甘露糖β-1,4-N-乙酰葡糖胺基转移酶、信号转导子和转录激活子5b、脂酰CoA合成酶、特定微管伴侣蛋白E、3-磷酸肌醇依赖的蛋白激酶1、双特异性作用蛋白激酶7、RAS脒基释放蛋白2、SHC转运蛋白和泛酸酯激酶4,琼玉膏对这些蛋白均起到下调的作用,该研究为琼玉膏延缓衰老作用的靶蛋白研究奠定基础.

To explore the associated proteins of the hypothalamus in aging rat models with intervention by Qiongyugao(QYG) based on iTRAQ technology, find out the target protein candidates and investigate the mechanism of delaying aging for Qiongyugao. The results showed that Qiongyugao increased GSH-Px activity in serum and SOD activity in liver; the total protein count identified by iTRAQ was 3 522, FDR<1%. There were 20 kinds of differential proteins between the blank group and model group; there were 295 kinds of differential proteins between model group and QYG group, and 40 kinds of them had a difference multiple ≥1.30 (the maximum value was 1.47). Compared with blank group, there were 14 kinds of proteins that were down-regulated in model group and up-regulated in QYG group. Combined with literature search and gene function search, 12 kinds of target protein candidates were screened out ： ST18, Ptprc, PSMB8, INPP4B, Shc3, Pik3r1, PIP5K1C, Nampt, Rasgrp2, Asah2, Pdpk1, and Map2k7. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the hypothalamic inflammatory pathway was detected by Western blot and the results showed that its expression level in model group(0.96) was higher than that in control group(0.85), while its expression level in QYG group(0.89) was lower than that in model group. Q-PCR results showed that the relative mRNA expression levels of PIP5K1C and Ptprc in model group were significantly lower than those in blank group(P<0.01); while compared with the model group, the mRNA expression levels of PIP5K1C and Ptprc in QYG group were significantly increased(P<0.01) . This result was consistent with proteomics data. QYG may delay aging by regulating hypothalamic inflammatory reaction.

养生之道,博大精深;保健之要,贵在周全.本文按照中医传统养生理念,特别对"全养生观"进行了系统性阐述,简要介绍了中医养生的方方面面,旨在指导人们如何在生活中养生、在养生中生活,养生的核心在于从德全道出发,兼顾养生保健的全程性、原典性和基础性,最终达到寿敝天地的健康长寿目的 ,得以尽终天年.

Health maintenance in Lingnan area is a kind of culture with regional characteristics and formed along with the development of Lingnan medicine, which fully reflects the ideas of ‘theory that man is an integral part of natureu0027 and ‘preventive treatment of diseaseu0027. This paper discusses the herbal tea and medicated diet which are on behalf of features of health maintenance in Lingnan area through analyzing the origin and development of health maintenance in Lingnan area and combining with the characteristics of geographical climate and residentsu0027 constitutions in Lingnan area, in order to enrich the content of health maintenance of traditional Chinese medicine.

对目前高校《中医养生学》教材的状况进行了一些思考,认为现在常用的各版教材养生理论丰富,体系完整,可应用于各层次的教学之中,对中医药人才的培养以及对中医养生事业的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。但是存在中医养生理论表述不够灵活、部分具体方法不实用、有些表述未能适应现代社会的变化,甚至教材中前后观点矛盾令人费解等不足之处。本文提出《中医养生学》教材应理论紧密联系实践,突出养生特色;开拓创新,增加中医养生学的实验课程等设想,认为既符合中医药学发展规律,继承中医博大精深的学术思想,又能吸纳中医药研究领域的最新成果,反映时代特色。编写适合当前教育改革和教学实践的中医养生新教材,已迫在眉睫。

曹庭栋所著《老老恒言》共分5卷,详细记载了老年人晨昏动定之宜、居处备用之要及以粥调疾之需,涉及到老年养生的各个方面,注重日常琐屑,浅近易行,认为"衣食二端,养生切要事"(卷二《省心》)。其核心的老年养生思想尤以养静、调脾胃为主,认为"养静为摄生要务"(卷二《燕居》),并从睡眠、昼卧、夜坐等方面来说明养静的理论与方法;注重调养脾胃,尤其在"夏至以后,秋分以前,外则暑阳渐炽,内则微阴初生,最当调停脾胃,勿进肥浓"(卷一《饮食》)。因此,深入归纳、探讨曹庭栋著作《老老恒言》中的养生思想,对指导老年人在生活中防病、延年具有重要意义。

Objective To study the effect of Qiongyu oral liquid on contents of brain tissue SOD and serum SOD and MDA in the aging rats.Methods The rats were divided into 6 groups randomly:control group,the aging model group,the positive control group and Qiong Yu oral low,medium and high dose group.The rats in each group were injected daily into subcutaneous neck with D-galactose(0.5 g/kg)to produce sub-acute rats model of aging,the rats in control group were injected with normal saline excpet the blank group.At the same time from the first day the rats were perfused the stomach with medicine,after continuous administration of six weeks the brain tissue and serum,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assy(ELISA) were taken out to detect SOD,MDA content.Results compared with the control group,model control group,SOD activity in brain tissue,blood SOD levels decreased significantly(P0.01),serum MDA levels were significantly increased(P0.01).Conclusion Qiongyu oral liquid can significantly improve brain tissue SOD activity and lower serum MDA content,increased free radical damage the body's defense capability,enhance organ index,with anti-lipid peroxidation role,which suggest that Qiongyu oral liquid have anti-aging effect.

A teacher plays an important role to influence on his students’future career,especially on the virtue.Therefore,apart from knowledge,a teacher should be restrained by strict professional morality,and set himself an example to his students.For medical students,who are on a mission of healing the wounded and rescuing the dying,it is extremely urgent to develop the correct medical ethics.As we all know that China has a rich history of teaching morality and medical ethics,we can learn from the past,and inherit and improve the noble medical ethics ideologically and practically to pass down the excellent teaching ethics.

自古以来中医药论治郁证从"六郁""肝郁"等方面论述者较多,而论五脏之郁者较少。郁证与五脏有密切的关系,五脏气血阴阳失调分别可致木郁、火郁、土郁、金郁、水郁。五脏郁证的临床表现虽各有特点,治法也各有所别,但总不离"宣郁疏通"之法,再根据五脏特点遣方用药。

As a general yin-tonifying medicinal,Dendrobium is concurrently suitable for medicine and food.Dendrobium was first mentioned in Chinese ElderHerb.Sofar,many herbal books have had a detailed discussion to the Dendrobium.The article would comb the ancient literature of Dendrobium from the name origin,habitat scope transformation,processing methods and the application and so on,what will provide a theoretical basis for the modern research of Dendrobium planting and processing.

衰老是生物发展中普遍存在的客观规律,是不可避免的自然过程。虽然衰老不可逆转,但是可以通过一定措施延缓衰老的到来,减轻衰老的程度。琼玉膏是抗衰延年的古代经典养生名方,由生地、茯苓、人参、蜂蜜组成,据文献记载,其具有滋阴润肺、益气健脾、补益肾精的功效,主治虚劳干咳,可用于治疗肺结核、恶性肿瘤、虚劳等多种疾病;同时,还有抗衰老、延年益寿的作用。本文从古代文献中系统梳理琼玉膏的源流、功效及加减变化,以使进一步研究开发琼玉膏有所参考。

琼玉膏具有滋阴润肺、益气健脾的功效,是经典的抗衰老名方,始载于宋·洪遵《洪氏集验方》所引"铁瓮先生神仙秘法琼玉膏"中,历代许多医籍也都有收录。琼玉膏虽只有人参、茯苓、生地、白蜜四味药组成,但其配伍严谨,动静结合,有气阴双补之妙,疗效显著,"珍赛琼瑶,故有琼玉之名",是一剂耐人解读的精妙小方。

《中华人民共和国药典》(2005版)规定,石斛主要有三种植物来源:金钗石斛、铁皮石斛、马鞭石斛;而其中铁皮石斛滋阴生津、除热之力最佳,是石斛中的上品。现代研究也对其有效成分及作用做了研究,证实了其抗衰延年的功效,但有关其进一步的保健产品开发,尚处于起步阶段。本文做一初步设想,以求抛砖引玉,使石斛保健品市场科学、有序发展。

邓铁涛教授在养生保健方面具有别具特色的心得体会,其以"治未病"为指导思想,重视仁德、顾护脾胃、颐养阳气,使机体维持阴阳平衡的健康状态而达到长寿的目的。