Our country’s breeding industry gradually from the quantity of the transition to quality-oriented,the Ministry of Agriculture and rural areas gradually issued a series of policies to support.Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine,with its characteristics of safety,low residue and resistance to antibiotics,has emerged in the breeding industry,which meets the requirements of healthy and green development of animal husbandry.In the course of thousands of years of development,traditional Chinese medicine continues to absorb and integrate the advanced science and Technology and humanistic ideas of various periods,constantly innovating and developing,its theoretical system becoming more and more perfect,and its technical methods becoming more and more abundant,it has formed distinct characteristics,including paying attention to the whole,paying attention to“Peace”and“Harmony”,emphasizing individuation,highlighting“Treatment of pre-disease”and easy to use,etc.Traditional Chinese medicine has special curative effect on animal diseases.Sophora flower powder has good effect of clearing intestines and stopping bleeding,dispersing wind and regulating qi.The main components,pharmacological action and extraction technology of Sophora japonica powder were reviewed by consulting literatures and literatures,which provided the reference for the improvement of the pharmacodynamics and technology of Sophora japonica powder.

试验旨在研究不同乳酸菌对籽鹅肠道菌群、形态结构、pH和免疫器官指数的影响.选取28日龄、体重接近(875.23±33.18)g的健康籽鹅90只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只,公母各半.空白对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮为分别在基础饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌109 CFU/kg(普通乳酸菌,试验组Ⅰ)、乳酸片球菌109 CFU/kg(自主筛选的乳酸菌,试验组Ⅱ),试验期28 d.结果表明:①试验组Ⅱ籽鹅盲肠中乳酸菌数量极显著高于试验组Ⅰ和对照组(P<0.01),试验组Ⅱ籽鹅盲肠中大肠杆菌数量和沙门氏菌数量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).②试验组Ⅱ籽鹅空肠的绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著高于试验组Ⅰ和对照组(P<0.01),试验组I籽鹅空肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组Ⅱ籽鹅回肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度均显著高于试验组Ⅰ和对照组(P<0.05).③试验组Ⅱ的空肠pH显著低于对照组(P<0.05).④试验组Ⅱ籽鹅的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组Ⅱ籽鹅的脾脏指数显著高于试验组Ⅰ和对照组(P<0.05).由此可见,饲粮中添加自主筛选的乳酸菌能够维持籽鹅肠道菌群平衡,改善其肠道形态结构,提高其免疫能力,且效果优于普通乳酸菌.

为了掌握传统中兽药畜禽归芪益母汤最佳纤维素酶提取工艺,采用单因素试验结合响应面优化法对提取工艺进行优化,包括酶解时间、温度、pH值,并测定优化后畜禽归芪益母汤酶解提取液中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和阿魏酸质量浓度.结果表明,畜禽归芪益母汤最佳纤维素酶酶解工艺为温度50 ℃、pH值为5.0的条件下提取9 h,提取后酶解液中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷质量浓度为0.217 mg/mL,阿魏酸质量浓度为0.122 mg/mL,与模型预测值相近.与传统提取方法相比,纤维素酶酶解提取的畜禽归芪益母汤中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和阿魏酸质量浓度分别提升48.63％和69.52％.

森林碳汇是近年来全球变化研究的热点领域,随着全球变暖日趋严重,深入认识森林对碳循环影响及其机制对未来实现碳达峰、碳中和具有重要意义.我国拥有丰富的菌根真菌资源,在森林生态系统中,菌根真菌与林木的相互作用显著影响了林木碳素营养.文中基于前人研究成果,主要介绍了菌根真菌对森林生态系统碳循环在输入、固定、排放等方面的影响,重点阐述了菌根真菌在森林碳汇积累中的重要作用,并就其研究与应用等方面存在的问题进行了探讨,以期为今后开展相关机制研究和提高森林碳汇能力提供依据.

本试验以山楂果为原料,采用球磨粉碎、剪切粉碎、气流粉碎3种超微粉碎方法制备山楂粉,研究不同粉碎方式对山楂粉理化性质及对育肥猪生产性能的影响.结果表明:气流组超微粉碎后的山楂粉整体理化指标最佳,与球磨组和剪切组相比,容积密度极显著升高34.88％、18.37％(P＜0.01),休止角显著降低了 8.21％、6.62％(P＜0.05),滑角显著降低了 4.04％、2.62％(P＜0.05);水合性能上,气流组水溶性比球磨组和剪切组显著升高了 6.82％和6.89％(P＜0.05),气流组比剪切组和球磨组膨胀度显著升高了 0.79％和1.36％(P＜0.05);气流组对育肥猪生长性能得到极显著改善,;气流组总抗氧化性(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的含量与球磨组相比分别提高了 2.15％、2.24％、5.96％,与剪切组相比分别提高了 1.57％、3.72％、6.13％(P＜0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量分别低于与球磨组和剪切组5.42％、7.10％(P＜0.05);3种超微粉碎方式相比山楂粉色度及对育肥猪血清免疫性能无显著影响(P＞0.05).研究表明,气流粉碎山楂粉可以改善山楂粉理化性质、提升育肥猪生长性能和提高血清抗氧化性.

鸭病毒性肝炎(Duck virus hepatits,DVH)的病原是鸭肝炎病毒(DHV),属微RNA病毒科,直径约为20～40 nm,在电镜下观察感染病毒细胞,细胞胞浆呈晶格状排列.DVH在加热56℃条件下加热60 min仍可存活,在62℃条件下加热30 min即可灭活,4℃下可存活2年,-20℃可存活9年.DVH是危害幼龄雏鸭的急性传染病,具有扩散速度快、发展速度快、死亡率高等显著特点.临床表现多集中为角弓性反张,病理表现常见肝炎及出血.近年来,我方各地区均有DVH发生,发病率呈逐年大幅度快速上升,给我国鸭养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失.

本试验旨在探究不同超微粉碎方式对山楂粉理化性质及对奶牛生产性能的影响.试验以山楂果为原料,采用球磨粉碎、剪切粉碎、气流粉碎3种超微粉碎方法制备山楂粉.测定不同粉碎方式山楂粉的粒径、比表面积、容积密度、休止角、滑角、持水性能、水溶性、膨胀度、色度、多糖溶出率及对奶牛平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比,血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、总超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化性、丙二醛、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M含量的影响.不同超微粉碎方法相比,气流超微粉碎后的山楂粉整体理化指标、对奶牛生长性能的影响及血清抗氧化性最佳(P<0.05);经球磨粉碎后的山楂粉休止角与滑动角显著增加(P<0.05);不同超微粉碎方式对山楂粉色度及对奶牛血清免疫性能无显著影响(P>0.05).研究表明,气流粉碎山楂粉可以改善山楂粉理化性质、提升奶牛生长性能和提高血清抗氧化性.

鬼针草(Bidens bipinnata L.)又称鬼钗草,全国分布广泛,产量很多,是菊科草本植物.鬼针草中富含多糖、黄酮、皂苷等活性成分,具有清热解毒、抗氧化、消肿、止泻等作用,可作为饲草应用到畜牧养殖中,但菊科植物本身具有特殊气味,会影响动物采食,对其主要活性成分进行提取,能改善其适口性与消化性.

甘草是我国传统中草药之一,主要活性成分包含三萜皂苷、黄酮类、糖类、抗坏血酸、胆碱等,具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗炎和杀菌等多种药理学作用.甘草茎叶中的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量与紫花苜蓿相当,可以作为优质牧草的重要来源.日粮中添加甘草提取物,能够提高畜禽的生长性能、饲料转化率,增强机体抗氧化能力、免疫功能,改善肠道菌群、肉品质等,对畜禽生产发挥着重要作用,是不可多得的药饲多用植物.文章综述了甘草的药理作用及其在畜牧业的应用,为其进一步开发和综合利用提供参考.

为探究超声波辅助提取刺五加多糖最佳工艺及刺五加多糖对育肥猪生产性能的影响,本试验采用Box-Benhnken方法进行响应面分析最佳提取工艺,并研究其对育肥猪末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比,血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、总抗氧化性(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-10、核转录因子κB含量的影响.选取体重相近的"杜×长×大"三元杂交育肥猪 48 头,随机分 4 组,每组 3 个重复,每个重复 4 头,对照组饲喂育肥猪基础日粮,试验 1 组饲喂基础日粮+刺五加多糖 250 mg/kg,试验 2 组饲喂基础日粮+刺五加多糖 300 mg/kg,饲喂 42 d.结果表明:在料液比 1:30 g/mL、提取时间 51 min和提取温度 55℃时能够显著提高刺五加多糖提取率,达到 8.23%与预测值相差0.08%(P＞0.05);试验 2 组与对照组相比平均日采食量提高 7.05%、末重显著提高 12.54%(P＜0.05),试验 1 组、试验2 组与对照组相比平均日增重提高 16.98%、33.96%(P＜0.05),料重比降低 13.84%、20.22%(P＜0.05);试验 2 组血清GSH-Px、T-SOD和T-AOC的含量与对照组相比均显著提高(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著降低 26.24%(P＜0.05);试验 1 组、试验 2 组猪血清免疫指标IgG、IgA、IgM含量与对照组相比显著提高(P＜0.05),IL-1 与NF-κB差异不显著(P＞0.05),试验 2 组血清IL-10 与对照组相比显著提高 34.91%(P＜0.05).研究表明,Box-Behnken优化超声法提取刺五加多糖工艺可靠且稳定,在饲料中添加刺五加多糖能够提高育肥猪生产性能、提高抗氧功能与免疫功能.

The research on traditional Chinese herb has been passed down in China for 5 000 years,forming a unique theoretical system of traditional Chinese herb,with a solid foundation and a large number of clinical application practices.It not only has the advantages of no residue,no susceptibility to drug resistance,small toxic and side effects,and has both nutritional and medicinal properties,but also has the characteristics of wide range of action,integrity,and multiple effective components.How to extract effective ingredients is one of the issues that the industry is concerned about.In recent years,modern extraction and separation technologies,such as enzymatic extraction,fermentation and degradation of traditional Chinese herb by probiotic enzyme producing bacteria,and other green and environmentally friendly extraction processes have provided a new way to extract and isolate effective ingredients.For thousands of years,traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have played an important role in ensuring the development of animal husbandry in China,and have been used until now.Especially after the introduction of the national feed end antibiotic prohibition policy,the application prospect of traditional Chinese herb in veterinary clinical practice has become even broader.Biochemical decoction has the effects of promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis,warming meridians and relieving pain.The author reviewed a large number of documents and classics to elaborate the prescription medicinal materials of biochemical decoction,providing ideas for the improvement and development of traditional classic prescriptions of biochemical decoction.

In order to study the drought resistance of Berberis poiretii， the method of water control by pot culture was used to treat the seedlings of B. poiretii under drought stress， the changes of physiology， photosynthesis and leaf surface micromorphology of B. poiretii seedlings under mild， moderate and severe drought stress were determined. The results showed that the relative water content （RWC） of B. poiretii leaves decreased， the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline （Pro） increased with the intensification of drought stress， the contents of Superoxide dismutase （SOD）and Peroxidase （POD） reached the maximum in moderate drought， the net photosynthetic rate (P n ) ， stomatal conductance (G s )， transpiration rate (T r ) and intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ) decreased with the increase of drought stress， while the water use efficiency （WUE） increases greatly in the severe drought， the wax coverage and stomatal density of leaf surface increased with the intensification of stress， while the stomatal size and opening decreased. The results showed that B. poiretii had a certain drought-resistant ability and was suitable for cultivation in moderate arid area.

禽霍乱又称禽出血性败血病,是由8:A、9:A、5:A型多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的多种禽类的急性、热性传染病.本病在我国各地时有发生,野禽和各种家禽均易感,是目前危害养禽业的重要传染病,给养殖户造成了巨大的经济损失 [1].

With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for green, healthy, safe and high quality food is increasing.Chinese herbal medicine has the advantages of low toxicity, low residue, no drug resistance and the like, is rich in a variety of biological activities, and can play a role in preventing and treating pig diseases in the process of pig breeding.In this paper, the pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal medicine and its application in disease prevention and treatment in pig breeding were reviewed, in order to provide research reference for Chinese herbal medicine in pig non-resistance breeding.

PCV2(猪圆环病毒2型)、PRRSV(猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒)和MPS(猪肺炎支原体)被认为是PRDC(猪呼吸道病综合征)的3个主要病原,对全球猪业生产造成了巨大影响.虽然关于3种主要病原体的相互作用的研究较为广泛,但掌握针对这3种病原的疫苗怎么联合使用才能达到最好的效果也是十分必要的.众所周知,PRRSV与MPS可以加剧PCV2相关性病变;然而,无论猪群中是否感染了PRRSV或MPS,PRRSV或MPS疫苗都可以增强PCV2病毒血症水平.另一方面,MPS可以加剧PRRSV引起的肺炎严重程度;在MPS和PRRSV共感染的情况下,单独接种MPS疫苗可以减轻PRRSV病毒血症水平和PRRSV引起的肺部病变.文章总结了三大呼吸道病原体共感染的情况下怎样使用疫苗来控制PRDC.

低聚木糖是一种功能聚合糖,也是一种膳食纤维素,可作为一种新的饲料添加剂.低聚木糖具有低热量、黏度低、抗冻性强、稳定性高等特性,作为饲料添加剂不仅可起到增甜的作用,且能够提高动物生长性能、增强免疫力、促进双歧杆菌增殖等.以天然形式存在的低聚木糖较少,主要制备来源于玉米芯、甘蔗渣、秸秆等.本文就低聚木糖不同的制备方法与其对家禽的应用进行综述,为低聚木糖的开发与在家禽养殖中的应用提供理论依据.

鸡心包积液综合征是由禽腺病毒血清4型(Fowl adenovirus serotype-4,FAdV-4)引起的鸡的一种重要传染病,主要感染3～5周龄的鸡.肝脏是FAdV-4感染的主要靶器官,病毒感染的鸡通常表现为心包积液症状.本文从该病的病原、致病机理等方面的最新研究进展进行综述,旨在为今后该病的科学防控和相关研究提供参考.

微量元素硒是动物体内必要的微量元素,在机体内能够起到抗氧化、免疫调节、提升繁殖性能、促生长等作用.硒在畜禽生产中具有广阔的应用前景.现对硒生物功能和在反刍动物、猪、禽类养殖中的应用进行综述,为硒在畜禽养殖生产中提供理论参考.

以一株禽用乳酸菌SR1为试验对象,对其发酵培养基进行优化,以提高发酵液中的活菌数.利用单因素和正交试验对乳酸菌SR1的发酵培养基进行了优化研究.结果表明,SR1最佳发酵培养基为:葡萄糖35.0g/L,蛋白胨15.0g/L,牛肉膏7.0g/L,磷酸氢二钾2.3g/L,硫酸镁0.35g/L.在此最优工艺下,SR1发酵液的OD660nm值从1.179提高到1.416,活菌数由2.5×108 CFU/mL提高到3.0×108 CFU/mL.与初始发酵培养基相比,发酵水平显著提高,为后期SR1在禽的养殖过程中应用奠定基础.

鸡心包积液综合征(hydropericardium Syndrome,HPS),又称鸡安卡拉病,是由禽腺病毒4型(Fowl adenovirus serotype-4,FAdV-4)引起的一种以心包积液、肝炎和肾炎为主要临床特征的鸡的新发传染病.2015年该病开始在我国暴发并在全国多个省市地区蔓延,发病率和致死率均较高,严重危害养鸡业的发展,给养鸡业造成了巨大的经济损失.