Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has garnered increased attention within the dental community and is now widely recognized by oral health professionals, owing to its rising prevalence and clinical significance. Epidemiological data on ETW in China remain scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, severity and associated factors of erosive tooth wear among 18-39-year-old adults residing in five cities in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in five major cities (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Chengdu and Xi’an) in China. An equal-sized, stratified, multistage sampling was used. ETW was clinically assessed using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Participants were required to complete a self-administered questionnaire, consisting of sociodemographic information, oral health care behavior, dietary habits, and general/oral health history. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, univariable logistic regression, and multivariable binary logistic regression to identify factors associated with ETW. A total of 3,405 adults (47.9

Although lactobacilli are frequently detected in children with early childhood caries (ECC), the roles of specific lactobacilli species remain unclear. Streptococcus mutans, a well-established cariogenic species, was included as a reference organism. Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus were selected in the study aiming to investigate the prospective associations between lactobacilli species and caries increment based on machine learning approaches. A prospective cohort of 282 children aged 3–4 years was established in Shanghai, China. Participants received clinical examinations at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Baseline saliva samples were collected. The detection and quantification of the targeted species in salivary samples were performed by quantitative real-time PCR. Logistic regression and machine-learning analyses were conducted to evaluate associations with caries increment. L. fermentum, L. salivarius, L. rhamnosus, and S. mutans were positively correlated to caries increment. L. fermentum was highly detectable (82.6

Capping materials are critical for vital pulp therapy in endodontic treatment, whereas the currently available ones remain inadequate in meeting the multiple requirements of the complex tissue defects. Herein, we report an injectable and self-setting calcium polyphosphate coacervate composite (polyP-Ca-CS) that exploits an acid neutralization mechanism based on the coacervate and chitosan, engineered for direct pulp capping. The material leverages polyP-Ca coacervate (formed through liquid-liquid phase separation) as an injectable matrix and chitosan that initiates setting via acid neutralization, enhances mechanical strength, and confers antibacterial properties. polyP-Ca-CS sets into a rigid solid under both aqueous and anhydrous conditions without significant exothermic reaction or volume change-features that are critical for clinical reliability. Mechanistic investigations reveal that neutralization of the coacervate's intrinsic acidity drives the setting, thereby advancing fundamental understanding of setting mechanisms in polyphosphate-based materials. In vitro, polyP-Ca-CS significantly boosts ATP production, mitochondrial function, cell migration, metabolic activity and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). In a rabbit pulp exposure model, it effectively induces reparative dentin formation and preserves pulp vitality, performing comparably to commercial bioceramics. This work presents a bioenergetic-active biomaterial that meets the complex requirements of vital pulp therapy and offers a promising alternative for regenerative endodontics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work presents an application of a polyphosphate-based coacervate system in vital pulp therapy, opening an avenue for bioactive dental biomaterials. Besides, it elucidates that setting of the calcium polyphosphate coacervate is driven by acid neutralization, advancing fundamental insights into inorganic coacervate chemistry. The prepared calcium polyphosphate coacervate composite not only meets stringent physical requirements but also activates cellular energy metabolism. Additionally, this work also demonstrates that chitosan-a normal biopolymer-can serve as an setting initiator for inorganic coacervate systems, while simultaneously enhancing mechanical integrity and conferring antibacterial activity.

Backgrounds Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has garnered increased attention within the dental community and is now widely recognized by oral health professionals, owing to its rising prevalence and clinical significance. Epidemiological data on ETW in China remain scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, severity and risk factors of erosive tooth wear among 18-39-year-old urban adults in China. Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted among urban adults from five cities(Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Chengdu, Xi’an) in China. An equal-sized, stratified, multistage sampling was used. ETW was clinically assessed using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Participants were required to complete a questionnaire, consisting of sociodemographic information, oral health care behavior, dietary habits, and general/oral health history. Results A total of 3,405 urban young adults (47.9% male), with a mean age of 29.0 years (standard deviation:6.3 years) were included in the oral examination and questionnaire. The prevalence of ETW (BEWE≥2) was 63.7% among 18-39-year-olds. Most of the participants were at a low level for ETW (BEWE score sum ≤8). Severe hard tissue loss (BEWE score sum >13) occurred rarely among participants. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age, alcohol and city significantly associated with ETW ( P <0.05). Conclusions Erosive tooth wear is prevalent among urban young adults in China. A better understanding of erosive tooth wear and its associated factors is essential for its prevention and management by dental professionals.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a risk assessment model for early childhood caries and verify its credibility. METHODS:This 1-year multicentre cohort study comprised cohorts of 3-year-old children with and without caries recruited from kindergartens in Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan, Hubei and Guangdong. Oral disease-related social and behavioural risk factors were collected from both children and their parents using questionnaires. Clinical examinations were performed according to World Health Organization standards, and the plaque's ability to produce acid, saliva pH value and saliva-buffering capacity were assessed. Logistic regression methods were employed to construct a risk-prediction model for caries incidence. Cross-validation methods were applied for the internal validation of the model, and the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the constructed model. RESULTS:A total of 4,381 children were included in the study and randomly allocated 1:1 to the development and validation sets. Using the new occurrence of decayed, missing and filled surfaces as the dependent variable, the predictive model demonstrated AUCs of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81 to 0.84) in the development model and 0.80 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.82) in the validation model at 1 year. The training and validation sets exhibited high sensitivity (0.69 to 0.72) and specificity (0.73 to 0.81). CONCLUSION:The predictive models demonstrated good discriminability with both the training and validation sets and were suitable for primary oral care clinicians and stomatological hospitals.

Dentin hypersensitivity caused by the exposure of dentinal tubules is affecting a significant portion of the population. With promising prospects, the biomimetic mineralization materials used in treating dentin hypersensitivity are expected to possess a metastable characteristic, for which they can easily penetrate the tubules and the surrounding tissues, but then occlude them via a transformation of size and phase immediately. Herein, this study develops a metastable calcium phosphate cluster (MCPC)-involved mineralization process, which is regulated by dual biological macromolecules: bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly-L-lysine (PLL). BSA functions to stabilize the primary calcium phosphate clusters; PLL further tunes the cluster's evolution (toward larger and crystalline particles) into a metastable fashion, and meanwhile inhibits the local bacteria. Upon treatments, the system generates amorphous MCPC with ultrasmall size (1-2 nm); then they enter the deep dentinal tubules, subsequently aggregate and crystalline into immobile larger particles, which finally seal the exposed dentinal tubules. The effective occlusion of dentinal tubules as well as significant antibacterial performance are confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. This study has devised not only a regulatory approach for the evolution of mineralization-active clusters but also established an efficient method for managing dentin hypersensitivity.

Remineralization is a common strategy for the repair of early demineralized tooth enamels, but the harsh dynamic oral environment often hampers its efficacy. Rapid remineralization is expected to address this challenge, however, the stabilizers of remineralization materials often resist their transformation required for repair. Here, by dissolving the ions of calcium and phosphate in glycerol-dominant solvents, we obtain the calcium phosphate clusters (1–2 nm), which are stabilized by glycerol (with high viscosity and affinity to clusters), but can perform a fast enamel repair via the water-triggered transformation in both static and dynamic environments. Upon the in vitro and in vivo (female Sprague-Dawley rats) studies, the clusters swiftly enter the nano-/micro-sized enamel defect sites, then form a compact hydroxyapatite repair layer within a short time (30 min, much faster than the conventional materials), and significantly recovers mechanical properties. This material is promising for large-scale preparation and applications in dental remineralization. Using remineralization materials to grow hydroxyapatite crystals on the surfaces is a common strategy for the repair of early demineralized tooth enamels but often stabilizers used for reparation and storage slow down the mineralization process. Here the authors use glycerol stabilized calcium phosphate cluster, which can perform a fast enamel repair via water-triggered transformation.

Dental minerals are in an equilibrium state of demineralization and remineralization, which can be disrupted by pathogenic bacteria to cause dental caries. While the inorganic polymer polyphosphate (polyP) is ubiquitous in living organisms and is also widely involved in mineralization regulations, its specific influence on the mineralization balance of teeth remains unclear. As a concept-and-proof study, the effects of polyP on the demineralization and remineralization of teeth are investigated on dental enamel (the highly mineralized outer covering tissue of teeth) from the perspective of mineralization balance. We found that a high concentration (containing 1.0-20 mM P element, comparable to and higher than the free phosphate ions in body fluids) of polyP has the capability to demineralize enamel in the aqueous solution, yet this effect is absent in the simulated biological environments including simulated body fluid and MEM (α-minimum essential medium) solutions. More importantly, polyP with a very low concentration (containing ≥5.0 μM P) is able to inhibit enamel mineralization significantly. This suggests that polyP could impact the mineralization balance of enamel by preferentially inhibiting the remineralization process, thereby disrupting the equilibrium necessary for maintaining enamel health.

OBJECTIVE:Periodontitis is the primary cause of tooth loss worldwide. This study aimed to identify herpes simplex virus (HSV) related biomarkers in periodontitis patients. METHODS:The present study used DIA-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the proteome of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) from one healthy donor across early and late stages (12-72 h) of HSV-1 infection. RESULTS:The study identified 890 differentially expressed proteins. At the early infection stage, there was a notable upregulation of proteins including interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 7, IFN-stimulated genes 15, interleukin 6 (IL6), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and IFN-induced protein (IFI), alongside a downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). We observed the activation of pathways, including the complement and coagulation cascades, lysosome, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors, and TLR signaling pathways. Conversely, at the late stage, IFIs, IL1, and MMP3 were significantly upregulated, while complement proteins were downregulated. Biomarkers such as TLR2 may underscore the host's antiviral defense response to HSV-1 in the periodontal environment. CONCLUSIONS:The present study identified several HGF proteins associated with periodontitis following HSV-1 infection, providing an analytical framework for determining the host's anti-viral defense response to antagonize HSV-1 infection in periodontal tissues.

Aim or purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the relationships of oral Lactobacillus, Streptococcus mutans and dental caries status of the children with primary dentition. Materials and methods: Sliva samples were collected from 332 children (aged 3-4 years old) who fulfilled the selection criteria. The criteria of the WHO modified by the inclusion of active white spot lesions was used. Both cavitated and non-cavitated lesions were diagnosed as caries in this study. The participants underwent exhaustive oral examination, and saliva sample collection. Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans were analyzed through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (v20, IBM, NY, USA) with the significance level set at 5%. Results: The caries was detected in 25.3% of all subjects. The mean dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index of all children was 1.2±2.6. S. mutans, L.acidophilus, L.fermentum, and L.rhamnosus were detected in 100%, 87.3%, 71.4% and 62.3% subjects, respectively. There was a significant increase (P=0.035) of S. mutans in children with dental caries compared to the control group. Significant positive correlations were found between levels of L.acidophilus, L.fermentum and dmft index (P=0.002, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Lactobacilli have been implicated as important contributory species in dental caries. whether it is a positive or negative correlation between lactobacilli and caries still needs the prospective cohort study.

Introduction:Early childhood caries(ECC) has caused a growing public health burden worldwide, but there still remains a gap in the understanding of ECC in Shanghai, China. This study aims to investigate the current profile of ECC and related risk factors of new-onset caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China. Materials and methods:Children aged 3-5 were included in this two-year longitudinal study from Shanghai. Oral health information and related factors were collected through clinical examinations and questionnaires. Logistic and general linear regression were used to investigate the risk factors of early childhood caries. Ethical approval and informed consent form were achieved in the study. Results:A total of 192 children completed this 2-year longitudinal study with a follow-up rate of 80.0%. At follow-up, 70.8% of children developed new caries. The study revealed that children with lower mother's education level (p = 0.022), less father's income (p = 0.023), more frequent sugar intake (p = 0.006), and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.012) were more likely to develop new caries. Additionally, general linear regression demonstrated that children who did not use fluoride toothpaste (p = 0.006), those who consumed candy more (p = 0.028), and those with poor oral hygiene (p = 0.001) exhibited greater incremental caries. Conclusion:Lower father's income, lower mother's education level, frequent sugar consumption, non-use of fluoridated toothpaste, and poor oral hygiene status emerged as significant independent risk factors for ECC.

AIM or PURPOSE To investigate the related risk factors of periodontal health status among Chinese 12-year-old adolescents. MATERIALS and METHOD The information was acquired from database of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey conducted in 2015-2016. This survey was the largest epidemiological survey ever and covered all 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in mainland China. Totally 27813 middle-school students (12.6±0.2 years old) were enrolled and they received a dental examination including periodontal bleeding and calculus. Clinical examination followed the latest criteria from the Oral Health Survey Basic Methods, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The subjects were also asked to complete a self-answered structured questionnaire for their sociodemographic information, oral health attitude, knowledge, behaviors, and smoking habit. Logistic regression was applied for risk factor analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of periodontal bleeding and calculus was 58.4% and 61.3% respectively. The mean teeth numbers with gingival bleeding and calculus was 4.3±5.92 and 3.8±4.88 respectively. The prevalence of gingival bleeding and calculus of males were higher than females (59.4% vs. 57.5%, p=0.001, 64.1% vs. 58.5%, P<0.001). Through multi-factor analysis, the results showed that gender, region, ethnic groups, family structure, oral hygiene habit, oral health attitude and knowledge level, and smoking habits were related to periodontal health (P<0.05). CONCLUSION(S) The periodontal health status of 12-year-old Chinese adolescents was not ideal. A few factors affected the periodontal status of Chinese adolescents and further oral health promotion for periodontal health was necessary.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the leading pathogen in the maxillo-facial region, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Its periodic reactivation aligns with the most common course pattern of periodontal disease. The present study used RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomes of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) following HSV-1 infection from the early to late stages (12–72 h). At the early stage of infection (12 h post-infection), the most upregulated genes were interferon (IFN) regulatory factor family members, toll-like receptor (TLR) family members, IFN-β1, interleukin (IL)-1, C-C motif ligands, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands (CXCLs), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The strongest differential expression was observed in TNF, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways. At the late stage of infection, the most upregulated genes were CXCLs and ILs. The differentially expressed genes were divided into nine clusters, according to the time series expression trend. Next, the prominent activation of TLRs, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor signaling, NLRs, and downstream IFNAR-JAK-STAT signaling pathways were observed via a modified HSV-1 infection map. The HSV-1-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in HGFs may drive inflammatory processes in periodontitis. The dynamic variations in mRNAs in HGFs from the early to late stages after HSV-1 infection can provide an analytical framework for determining the host anti-viral defense response to antagonize HSV-1 infection in periodontal tissues.

AIM or PURPOSE To investigate the clinical efficacy of a 0.454% SnF2 toothpaste in reducing dentine hypersensitivity (DH) compared to a negative control toothpaste, after 12 weeks twice daily use in a Chinese population. MATERIALS and METHOD This was a single center, 12-week, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, 3-treatment arm, parallel group design, stratified clinical study conducted in Shanghai, China. Two stimuli (tactile and evaporative [air]) were employed to evaluate the DH efficacy of the test toothpaste and measured as Tactile threshold in grams (g), Schiff sensitivity score and a subject-completed VAS (mm), respectively.Post-hoc analyses for each endpoint was performed to account for the observed changes in Tactile threshold and VAS between Screening and Baseline visits and the increased variability in VAS scores at Baseline. RESULTS A total of 243 subjects (97 in the test group, 50 in positive control group, and 96 in the negative control group) were randomized to treatment and 240 (98.8%) completed the study.The Post-hoc analyses showed statistically significant differences between the test product (SnF2 toothpaste) and the negative control for Schiff sensitivity score (p=0.0493, 25.5% greater mean improvement) and Tactile threshold (g) after 12 weeks ( p=0.0433, 35.4% greater mean improvement) twice daily use. All products demonstrated statistically significant improvements from Baseline in all assessments. CONCLUSION(S) Based on the post-hoc analyses for this study, the test product (SnF2 toothpaste) demonstrated statistically significant greater improvement in DH as measured by an evaporative air stimulus (Schiff sensitivity score) and a Tactile stimulus (Tactile threshold) compared to the negative control after 12 weeks twice-daily use.

Effective identification of multiple cariogenic bacteria in saliva samples is important for oral disease prevention and treatment. Here, a simple colorimetric sensor array is developed for the identification of cariogenic bacteria using single-atom nanozymes (SANs) assisted by machine learning. Interestingly, cariogenic bacteria can increase oxidase-like activity of iron (Fe)─nitrogen (N)─carbon (C) SANs by accelerating electron transfer, and inversely reduce the activity of Fe─N─C further reconstruction with urea. Through machine-learning-assisted sensor array, colorimetric responses are developed as "fingerprints" of cariogenic bacteria. Multiple cariogenic bacteria can be well distinguished by linear discriminant analysis and bacteria at different genera can also be distinguished by hierarchical cluster analysis. Furthermore, colorimetric sensor array has demonstrated excellent performance for the identification of mixed cariogenic bacteria in artificial saliva samples. In view of convenience, precise, and high-throughput discrimination, the developed colorimetric sensor array based on SANs assisted by machine learning, has great potential for the identification of oral cariogenic bacteria so as to serve for oral disease prevention and treatment.

The constituent ions of calcium phosphate in body fluids are in the supersaturated state and tend to form minerals physiologically or pathologically. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) has been considered as one of the most important inhibitors against the formation of calcium phosphate minerals. However, serum PPi concentrations in humans are maintained at a level of several μmol/L, and its effectiveness and mechanism for mineralization inhibition remain ambiguous. Therefore, this work studied the mineralization process in an aqueous solution, explored the effective inhibitory concentration of PPi by titration, and characterized the species during the reactions. We find that PPi at a normal serum concentration does not inhibit mineralization significantly. Such a conclusion was further confirmed in the PPi-added serum. This work indicates that PPi may not be a major direct inhibitor of mineralization in serum and possibly functions via alternative mechanisms.

Objectives To compare the effectiveness of using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) in a Chinese population. Materials and methods This was a single-centre, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, three-treatment-arm, parallel-group study in participants with clinically diagnosed DH. Subjects who met inclusion criteria (n = 197) were randomly allocated into 3 groups: test group (n = 66)—using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily; positive control group (n = 64)—using a 5.0% calcium sodium phosphosilicate-containing dentifrice twice daily; negative control group (n = 67)—using a 1150 ppm of NaF dentifrice twice daily. Status of DH was assessed at week 4 and week 8 by the same independent examiner. Changes from baseline in Schiff sensitivity score, tactile threshold and Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ) score were analysed using analysis of covariance models. The DHEQ evaluated subject-perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Results Statistically significant improvements in mean Schiff scores (p < 0.0001 for all products at Weeks 4 and 8), tactile threshold (p < 0.0001 for test and negative control at Weeks 4 and 8: Week 4 p = 0.0040 and Week 8 p < 0.0001 for positive control) and all DHEQ scores (p < 0.01 for all groups) were observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in the adjusted mean between all dentifrices at both timepoints, potentially driven by a placebo effect. Forty-two treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported (n = 32 subjects), with 2 serious AEs (n = 1) in the test group. TEAEs were not considered treatment-related. Conclusions All groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in Schiff score, tactile threshold and OHRQoL. However, due to a possible placebo effect in the negative control, there were no statistically significant differences between the dentifrices. Clinical relevance This study adds to the growing research exploring why the placebo effect is a common phenomenon in DH studies. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04950465.

BACKGROUND:Root caries are prevalent issues that affect dental health, particularly among elderly individuals with exposed root surfaces. Fluoride therapy has shown effectiveness in preventing root caries, but limited studies have addressed its cost-effectiveness in elderly persons population. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a fluoride treatment program for preventing root caries in elderly persons within the context of Chinese public healthcare.METHODS:A Markov simulation model was adopted for the cost-effectiveness analysis in a hypothetical scenario from a healthcare system perspective. A 60-year-old subject with 23 teeth was simulated for 20 years. A 5% sodium fluoride varnish treatment was compared with no preventive intervention in terms of effectiveness and cost. Tooth years free of root caries were set as the effect. Transition probabilities were estimated from the data of a community-based cohort and published studies, and costs were based on documents published by the government. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated to evaluate cost-effectiveness. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of data uncertainty.RESULTS:Fluoride treatment was more effective (with a difference of 10.20 root caries-free tooth years) but also more costly (with a difference of ¥1636.22). The ICER was ¥160.35 per root caries-free tooth year gained. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the risk ratio of root caries in the fluoride treatment group influenced the result most. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, fluoride treatment was cost-effective in 70.5% of the simulated cases.CONCLUSIONS:Regular 5% sodium fluoride varnish application was cost-effective for preventing root caries in the elderly persons in most scenarios with the consideration of data uncertainty, but to a limited extent. Improved public dental health awareness may reduce the incremental cost and make the intervention more cost-effective. Overall, the study shed light on the economic viability and impact of such preventive interventions, providing a scientific basis for dental care policies and healthcare resource allocation.

Pulp exposure often leads to pulp necrosis, root fractures, and ultimate tooth loss. The repair of the exposure site with pulp capping treatment is of great significance to preserving pulp vitality, but its efficacy is impaired by the low bioactivity of capping materials and cell injuries from the local accumulation of oxidative stress. This study develops a Wnt3a-loaded hydroxyapatite nanowire@mesoporous silica (Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi) core-shell nanocomposite for pulp capping treatments. The ultralong and highly flexible hydroxyapatite nanowires provide the framework for the composites, and the mesoporous silica shell endows the composite with the capacity of efficiently loading/releasing Wnt3a and Si ions. Under in vitro investigation, Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi not only promotes the oxidative stress resistance of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), enhances their migration and odontogenic differentiation, but also exhibits superior properties of angiogenesis in vitro. Revealed by the transcriptome analysis, the underlying mechanisms of odontogenic enhancement by Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi are closely related to multiple biological processes and signaling pathways toward pulp/dentin regeneration. Furthermore, an animal model of subcutaneous transplantation demonstrates the significant reinforcement of the formation of dentin-pulp complex-like tissues and blood vessels by Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi in vivo. These results indicate the promising potential of Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi in treatments of dental pulp exposure.

Tissue Regeneration In article 2300229 by Bing-Qiang Lu, Feng Chen, Xi Chen, and co-workers, a Wnt3a-loaded hydroxyapatite nanowire@mesoporous silica core-shell nanocomposite is developed for treatment of pulp exposure. This protein/ion delivery system effectively regulates biological behaviors of cells for dentin-pulp complex regeneration via angiogenesis, oxidative stress resistance and odontogenic induction.