This study aims to clarify the effects of sowing date and density on yield and composition of rape, so as to provide a reference for local high-yield cultivation. In the rape season of 2020～2021, three factors including the young stem picking method,sowing date and density were carried out in a typical dryland of acidic red soil. The main plot was set as picking the main inflorescence at budding stage and no picking treatments. The two sowing dates of the split plot were October 3 and October 13. The four densities of the small split plot were 30 cm×10 cm(33.3×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D1), 30 cm×12 cm(27.8×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D2), 30 cm×15 cm(22.2×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D3) and 30 cm×20 cm(16.7×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D4). The young stem yield, growth process, rape yield and its components under different treatments were investigated. The results showed that compared with no picking treatment, picking treatment postponed 6 to 15 days of the initial flowering stage, the final flowering and mature period; significantly reduced plant height and effective branch height by 10.6% and 63.1%; increased stem enlargement and the number of primary effective branches by 7.89% and 21.9%; the number of siliques per plant and seeds per siliques unchanged; and 1 000-seed weight significantly reduced 9.59%. The yield of aboveground dry matter and rapeseed decreased with the increasing density, but the amplitude was less than that of no picking treatment. When sowing date was delayed by 10 d, the growth process was delayed by 12 d, the plant height and stem diameter were decreased significantly. The decreasing density did not affect the growth process but significantly increased the young stem thickness and the number of scones per plant; however, shoot dry matter weight and rape yield were significantly decreased. Therefore, the rape Zhongyouza are affected by both density and sowing date, and its appropriate dense planting and early sowing date can satisfy both the young stem and rape yields.

在再生稻生产中,头季稻的留桩高度是影响再生稻产量的关键因素.以籼稻品种为试验材料,在油菜-中稻-再生稻三熟制的赣中北红壤稻田地区,通过田间试验比较了留桩高度为10 cm(T10)、20cm(T20)、30 cm(T30)和40 cm(T40)处理下再生稻的干物质积累、再生力和产量变化.结果表明,再生季齐穗期和成熟期的干物质积累、茎鞘叶物质输出率和茎鞘叶物质贡献率均随着留桩高度的增加而呈现出逐渐上升的趋势,较高的留桩高度也显著提高了再生率和产量.相关分析表明,在干物质和再生力等指标中,与再生稻产量密切相关的指标为茎鞘叶干物质贡献率(r=0.994);拟合方程发现,当茎鞘叶物质贡献率每增加1％,再生稻产量可以提高52.74 kg/hm2.在油菜-中稻-再生稻三熟制的赣中北红壤稻田地区,利用籼型中稻作再生稻生产,留桩高度以30～40 cm为宜.

研究不同茎蔓节段育苗的效果,探索优质、高效的甘薯育苗新方法.以短蔓型‘赣薯2号’茎蔓为试验材料,设置单节、双节和顶芽带三节3个苗段,分别通过红壤土、腐叶土和塘泥3种土壤基质进行穴盘育苗,观察各处理育苗方式下薯苗生长、发苗天数等相关性状,并考察其叶数、苗长、根数及根长情况.结果表明:以双节苗段+腐叶土处理的茎蔓发苗时间最快(3天),成活率最高(86.6％),发根数最多(9.2根),根长最长(5.9 cm).因此,甘薯茎蔓双节苗段+腐叶土穴盘育苗具有发苗时间短、成活率高、成本低等特点,短期内(20天)可达成苗标准,提高了甘薯扩繁系数和育苗速度,值得推广应用.

To screen suitable varieties for ratoon rice and understand the effects of main crop growth on ratoon rice under the rape-rice-rice triple-cropping system,ten hybrid rice varieties were used to analyze the growing characteristics of growth period,tillering and dry matter accumulation and distribution of the main crop and the effects of these characteristics on the yield of ratoon rice.The results showed that there existed a significant difference in the yield of both main crop and ratoon rice among different varieties.The difference of the yielding components of ratoon rice was also significant among different varieties.There was a very significant positive correlation of main crop yield to the dry matter weight per plant and panicle weight per plant of main crop.There existed a very significant positive correlation of the ratoon rice yield to the dry matter accumulation per plant after full heading of the main crop,but a significant negative correlation of the ratoon crop yield to the output rate and contribution rate of shoot dry matter of the main crop.In central and northern region of Jiangxi Province,all of the rested hybrid rice varieties got fully matured at the end of October.However,in view of the suitable sowing time for the rape,the harvesting date of ratoon rice should be before October 25.Therefore,based on the performance in yield and growth duration,Shengliangyou 5814(SLY 5814),C Liangyou 608(CLY 608),Zhunliangyou 608(ZLY 608) and Fengliangyou Xiang 1(FLY X1) are recommended as the suitable varieties for ratoon rice in the triple-cropping system in the central and northern region of Jiangxi Province.

为研究共生期对再生稻套播油菜性状及产量影响,设置油稻共生期0(T1)、3 d(T2)、5 d(T3)、7 d(T4)和10 d(T5)共5个处理,结果表明:(1)油菜产量和共生期呈一元二次抛物线关系(y=-8.98x2+93.817x+1864.6,R2=0.848),其中共生期为5 d时产量最高,达2179.8 kg·hm-2;(2)油菜全苗期密度随着其与再生稻套播共生期的延长而不断增加,而蕾薹期、 盛花期均表现为先增加后减少,苗体稳定后密度大小为T3>T2>T1>T4>T5;(3)共生期与一次有效分枝、 分枝有效角果数、 全株有效角果数、 单株生物量和单株产量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与每角粒数和植株密度呈极显著负相关(p<0.01),与主花序有效角果数和千粒重相关不显著(p>0.05).说明不同再生稻套播油菜共生期通过影响油菜植株密度、 单株产量等相关指标进而影响油菜产量,因此适宜的共生期有利于油菜产量的构建.图1,表4,参22.

为使油菜角果成熟度达到一致,实现双季稻田套播油菜一次性机械化收获,以丰油730油菜为试材,选用40％乙烯利,采用4个药剂用量(0、3 000、4 500、6 000 mL·hm-2)和3个喷药时期(04-20、04-22、04-24)进行催熟试验,考察了油菜成熟进程、产量及品质.结果表明,药剂用量越大、喷药时期越早,油菜角果转色越快,脱水越明显,千粒重和产量下降也越明显;在籽粒品质方面,蛋白质、亚油酸和饱和脂肪酸含量随着药剂用量增加,喷药时期提前而增加,而含油量、油酸、亚麻酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸和花生四烯酸含量则表现出降低的趋势.在不明显减产的情况下,从催熟角果利于油菜机械收获角度考虑,生产上以油菜自然成熟前6～8d喷施3 000 mL·hm-2 40％乙烯利,或油菜自然成熟前4～6d喷施4500 mL·hm-2 40％乙烯利为宜.本研究结果为乙烯利催熟油菜的应用提供了参考.

准两优608是湖南杂交水稻研究中心与湖南隆平种业有限公司用准S与R608配组选育而成的两系杂交稻新组合.该品种2015-2016年在江西作推广种植,可以作油菜-中稻-再生稻三熟制种植,表现为茎秆粗壮、穗大粒多、抗倒性好、丰产性好、再生稻产量高.本文阐述了其在江西作三熟制下再生稻特征特性、产量表现及配套栽培技术.

[Objective] Under the pattern of interplanting rapeseed in late rice, standing stubble height affected soil water storage and preservation, interplanting rapeseed emergence rate, growth and development. This study aimed at finding out a proper standing stubble height to promote emergence rate, growth and development, and finally to improve yield of interplanting rapeseed. These results provide practical references for reaching efficiency and organic combination of agronomy with agricultural machinery.[Method] Fengyou 730, a elite rapeseed cultivar, was employed in a field experiment with four stubble height treatments during the 2014-2016 growing seasons at Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Jiangxi province. Four stubble height treatments were compared: 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm. The seedling rate, mature plant rate, agronomic traits at two growth stages (wintering stage and full bloom stage), chlorophyll content of leaves, root activity, yield were measured in this study.[Result]In the range of 20-50 cm, an increased stubble height could thoroughly promote the seedling density, the seedling rate and mature plant rate were increased at the initial stage but deteriorated under a further increased stubble height, the optimal seedling rate and mature plant rate were the treatment with stubble height of 40 cm, the mature density was relatively larger. The seedling rate and mature plant rate of 40 cm stubble height were 13.73%, 7.09% and 13.18%, 7.23% higher than that of 20 cm and 30 cm, respectively, but the differences were not significant between 40 cm and 50 cm. Stubble height significantly affected growth and development of interplanted rapeseed. The number of total leaves, number of green leaves, width of maximum leaf, crown diameter, the dry weight of individual plants and the chlorophyll content of the top 3 leaves, root activity were gradually fell, the length of maximum leaf was gradually increased, the leaf area index and dry matter of population plants were primitively increased and then subsequently fell with increasing of the stubble height. The yield per plant of interplanted rapeseed in rice was diminished, whereas the yield per area was heightened initially and diminished later with increasing of the stubble height, and the optimal rapeseed yield could be approached with stubble height of 40 cm. Compared with the stubble height of 20 cm, the yield increasing rate of the stubble height of 40 cm was 18.92%, the yield increased obviously. Stubble height was highly related to yield components of interplanted rapeseed in rice including primary branches, siliques per plant, siliques on main inflorescence, 1000-grain weight, dry matter weight per plant, and yield per plant with a substantial negative correlation or significant negative correlation.[Conclusion] A lower seedling rate, mature plant rate and mature density, but strong individuals under a lower stubble height as well as a higher mature density and weak individuals under a higher stubble height could result in yield reduction. Results of the study indicated that late rice stubble height of 40 cm was helpful to population growth and strongly improved the yield of interplanted rapeseed.

阐述了江西省油菜生产现状,介绍了油菜品种龙油668示范推广措施及成效,规范了龙油668栽培技术,以期促进江西省油菜产业的发展,保障我国食用油安全.

This paper introduced research progress of interplanting rapeseed in rice in recent years, including symbiotic peri-od of interplanting rapeseed in rice, planting density, fertilizer application, weed prevention and control technology and chemical ripening siliques technology. Problems existing in the technology of interplanting rapeseed in rice were analyzed and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.

Under field experiment condition,the effects of different sowing dates (September 30th,October 10th,October 20th and October 30th) and nitrogen (N) rates (0,90,180,240 and 360 kg/hm2) on the main agronomic characters and yield of rape new strain 159GP10 were studied.The results showed that the days of the earlier stage of development process had significant differences under different sowing dates,but the days of development process had little difference after the initial flowering.Meanwhile,nitrogen rates also had great effect on development process,the mature period of treatment without nitrogen was the earliest,8 days earlier than that of 360 kg/hm2 treatment.With the increasing of N fertilizer,the number of green leaves,maximum leaf length and leaf width gradually increased,but the plant root diameter of 180 kg/hm2 treatment was the highest.With sowing date postponing and N rates reduction,plant height,effective number of branches,main sequence length and pods of rape plant decreased under different sowing dates,especially,pods reduced significantly (P＜0.05).Under different sowing dates,yield of October 10th treatment was the highest (3315.84 kg/hm2),the yield showed an order of October 10th＞ September 30th＞ October 20th＞ October 30th.Under different N rate treatments,the yield of 180 kg/hm2 was the highest (3157.18 kg/hm2).

In order to study the effects of leaf senescence frequentness of main rice on ratooning ability of ratoon rice in rape-rice-rice triple-cropping systems, in the north central region of Jiangxi Province, a field experiment was carried out to compare the ratooning a-bility, ratooning yield and leaf senescence of the main rice of 10 hybrid rice varieties. The results showed that the seed setting rate of the main rice and the ratooning ability of ratoon rice was positive correlation (R2 was 0.620), 1000-grain weight, decline percentage with leaves dry weight, decline percentage with chlorophyll, yield of the main rice and ratooning ability were negative correlation(R2 was -0.522, -0.516, -0.637 and -0.676, respectively). The number of effective panicles of ratoon rice and ratooning ability was sig-nificant positive correlation(R2 was 0.757), the number of effective panicles of ratoon rice and living bud rate was negative correlation (R2 was -0.615). The Seed setting rate, chlorophyll and the yield of main rice, and the effective panicles and 1000-grain weight of ratoon rice were important factors affecting the ratooning ability. Therefore, Shengliangyou 5814, C liangyou 608, Zhunliangyou 608, Fengliangyouxiang 1 could be planted as ratoon rice in triple-cropping systems, in the north central region of Jiangxi Province.

采用两因素裂区设计,在典型的红壤稻田研究施氮量和直播量对超级杂交稻五丰优T025群体茎蘖动态、产量和养分吸收利用的影响.结果表明,不同施氮量处理对五丰优T025的群体分蘖数和有效穗影响较小,但不同直播量处理间的群体分蘖数和有效穗差异显著.随着播种量增加,有效穗和产量相应增加,以施氮量180 kg/hm2、播种量37.5 kg/hm2的处理组合产量最高,达10.65 t/hm2.施氮有利于五丰优T025对氮、磷、钾的吸收,但随施氮量的增加,氮磷钾收获指数和氮肥利用率降低.合理增加直播量、减少施氮量可保证五丰优T025的产量,同时提高其氮肥利用率.

Late super hybrid rice Wufengyou T025 was used to investigate the effects of different nitrogen (N) application on absorp-tion, transportation and distribution of nutrient and yield in rice. The results showed that there was an obvious interaction N applica-tion on N, phosphorus(P), potassium(K) absorption and transfer at different growth stages under N application, and the reasonable N application is benefit to promote the absorption of various nutrients and transfer. In this experiment, the nutrient transfer amount and the contribution rate of nutrient to panicle of leaves and stem-sheaths were increased with the increase of the percentage of tillering fertilizer in N fertilizer. The amount of N, P, K nutrient transfer increased up to 17.1%, 21.2%and 14.8%, respectively. Under the to-tal pure nitrogen amount of 195 kg/hm2,the best model of the N application is basal(50%), tillering(20%), and panicle(30%).

[目的]探寻高产高效的作物间作配套种植模式,改善红壤区的种植结构.[方法]设置花生/糯玉米间作、花生单作和糯玉米单作3种栽培模式,分析比较不同模式对花生与糯玉米生物性状和产量的影响.[结果]花生/糯玉米间作模式对花生和糯玉米的生长性状影响不大.产值效益最高的是花生/糯玉米间作模式,其次是糯玉米单作模式,再次是花生单作模式.[结论]该研究可为丘陵红壤区的作物生产提供一定的科学依据.

Aiming at the currentsituation of rapeseed cultivation in rice-rice-rapeseed system in Jiangxi province,according to the experimental researches for many years,we proposed "three controls,two preventions and one simplification"cultivation technique for interplanting rapeseed in double-cropping rice field,namely: controlling oil-rice symbiotic period,stubble height of mechanically-harvested rice,and field moisture around rapeseed sowing; preventing weeds,and diseases and insect pests; simplifying fertilization. Thiscultivation technique was suitable for application in Jiangxi.

Abstrca t:The comparative tests for 14 rape varieties ( combinations) in Jiangxi province were carried out during 2012~2013. The results indicated that the varieties Fengyou 730 and 98p13 had higher rapeseed yield, which was respectively 22.56%and 16.70%more than that of the control variety Ganyouza 5; Wanyou 13 had the shortest growth and developmental duration;98p13 and 98p37 revealed better growth potential at seedling stage and bolting stage; 98p13, 98p37, Fengyou 730, Fengyou 737 and Zhong 2313 possessed stronger stress resistance.In conclusion, the high-quality and high-yielding rape varieties (combinations) 98p13, 98p37, Fengyou 730, Fengyou 737 and Zhong 2313 are suitable to be planted in Jiangxi.

Objective]The main purpose of this study was to recover the optimal strategy for growth area expansion and output increasing of interplanting rapeseed in rice, a triple cropping pattern, through evaluating the effects of a symbiotic period on both seedling growth and yield development, which would shed light on desirable symbiotic period determination in South China.[Method]Ganyouza 5 and Fengyou 730, two elite rapeseed cultivars, were employed for a field experiment with 6 symbiotic period treats during the 2012-2014 growing season, the 6 symbiotic period treats were as followed separately: 12 d, 10 d, 7 d, 5 d, 3 d, 0 d (CK).[Result](1) An extended symbiotic period could thoroughly promote the seedling density. A dramatic reduction of seedling density occurred along with a longer symbiotic period in the late growth period. Concurrently, the seedling rate and mature plant rate were increased at the initial stage but deteriorated under a further extended symbiotic period. The optimal mature plant rate was a 5-day symbiotic period treatment. Compared with the control (0-day symbiosis), the seedling rate and mature plant rate were raised with 0.97% and 5.98% at a 5-day symbiotic period but lessened by 19.2% and 19.35% at a 12-day symbiotic period, respectively. (2) Under a longer symbiotic period, seedling growth, number of total leaves, number of green leaves, crown diameter, and the dry weight of individual plants were gradually enhanced, whereas the leaf area index and dry matter of population plants were primitively increased and then subsequently fell. (3) A symbiotic period was highly related to yield components of interplanting rapeseed in rice including primary branches, siliques per plant, siliques on main inflorescence, seeds per silique, 1000-grain weight, dry matter weight per plant, and yield per plant. Especially, a significant positive correlation was observed between the symbiotic period and the primary branches, siliques per plant, siliques on main inflorescence, 1000-grain weight, yield per plant, and dry matter weight per plant, but a substantial negative correlation occurred for seeds per silique. (4) The yield per plant of interplanting rapeseed in rice was enhanced, whereas the yield per area was heightened initially and diminished later under a longer symbiotic period, and the optimal rapeseed yield could be approached at 5-day symbiotic period. Comparing with the control (CK), the average yield increasing rate of the symbiotic period treatment was 20.48% and 22.35% respectively within two rounds of field experiments. (5) The duration of a symbiotic period could affect the developing progress of rapeseed. The life period of the control (0-day symbiosis) was shorter than the symbiotic treats, and the difference was apparently occurred from seedling to bolting stages, but disappeared after the squaring stage.[Conclusion]Extension of a symbiotic period favors seedling density and individual development of interplanting rapeseed in rice. However, a lower seedling rate and mature plant rate under a longer symbiotic period as well as low seedling density and weak individuals under a shorter symbiotic period could result in yield reduction. Our results indicated that 5-days was the most optimal local symbiotic period within a favorable regime of 3 to 7 days to higher yield under interplanting rapeseed in rice in red soil regions. A longer or shorter symbiotic period would be detrimental to high rapeseed yield formation in South China where a triple cropping system is very popular.

为探讨黑芝麻新品种‘赣芝8号’在红壤旱地上的合理氮肥用量,笔者研究了6种氮肥用量(0、60、90、120、150、180 kg/hm2 N)下‘赣芝8号’的产量、植株性状、氮肥农学利用率.结果表明,不同施氮量对芝麻产量影响显著.在所有处理中均以N120的产量、单株蒴数、每蒴粒数最高,其产量高达1172.22 kg/hm2.而N0处理表现最差,其产量仅为672.78 kg/hm2.收获指数与产量的表现不一,与N0相比,N60、N90、N120、N150、N180的收获指数分别增加了15.99％、14.91％、38.82％、25.68％、17.07％,其中以N90处理的收获指数最高.在氮农学效率方面,表现出N120处理较高,为4.16 kg/kg.通过方程拟合发现,‘赣芝8号’获得高产的合理施氮范围在80～120 kg/hm2之间.

为筛选出五丰优T025在红壤稻田上的合理栽培方式和施氮量,研究了不同栽培方式和施氮量对双季杂交晚稻五丰优T025产量和氮素农学利用率的影响.结果表明:同一栽培方式下,产量以施氮处理显著高于不施氮处理,但施氮处理间无显著差异;氮素农学利用率随施氮水平提高而逐渐下降;同一施氮水平下,产量以人工插秧高于抛秧,氮素农学利用率以抛秧高于人工插秧.五丰优T025适宜的栽培方式为人工插秧,适宜的施氮量为135 kg/hm2.