The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein plays a crucial role in mediating plant responses to aluminum (Al) toxicity. The key candidate gene BnaMATE43b related to Al toxicity stress in rapeseed was identified using GWAS and transcriptome analysis. In this study, the BnaMATE43b gene was cloned and functionally characterized in rapeseed. Compared with wild-type rapeseed (WT), the BnaMATE43b overexpression lines (OE) demonstrated stronger aluminum tolerance, specifically manifested in higher relative elongation of taproots (RETs) and relative total root length (RTRL); under Al toxicity stress, the enzyme activities (SOD and POD) and root activity were significantly increased in the OE lines, whereas the MDA content and relative electrical conductivity were reduced in rapeseed root. Further transcriptome analysis of OE-3 showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in zeatin biosynthesis (map00908), glucosinolate biosynthesis (map00966), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (map00940), and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (map00053). In addition, the yeast cDNA library of rapeseed was constructed, and twenty-two candidate upstream transcription factors (UTFs) of BnaMATE43b were screened; furthermore, four candidate UTFs were obtained through one-on-one interaction validation and luciferase assays, comprising three bHLH transcription factors (BnaA02g28220D, BnaA06g07840D, and BnaA08g24520D) and one ERF transcription factor (BnaA05g23130D). Collectively, these results suggest that BnaMATE43b could improve Al tolerance in rapeseed by mediating antioxidant enzyme activities and the related metabolic pathway, while the obtained UTFs lay the foundation for further analysis of the gene regulatory network under Al toxicity stress.

The cell wall, acting as the first line of defense against aluminum (Al) toxicity, is the primary cellular structure that encounters and perceives Al3+. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) plays a pivotal role in mediating cell wall remodeling, a critical mechanism for Al toxicity tolerance. In our previous studies, the candidate gene BnaXTH22 was identified through GWAS and RNA-seq analyses. Under Al toxicity stress, overexpression lines (OEs) exhibited a significant increase in the relative elongation of taproots (9.44-13.32%) and total root length (8.15-12.89%) compared to the wild type (WT). Following Al treatment, OEs displayed reduced MDA content and lower relative electrical conductivity, alongside a significantly higher root activity than WT. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes in OE under Al toxicity were predominantly enriched in stress-related biological processes, including phenylpropanoid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and lignin biosynthesis. These results suggest that BnaXTH22 overexpression could enhance Al toxicity tolerance in rapeseed, potentially by modulating cell wall synthesis to bolster plant resistance.

Exchangeable aluminum (Al) ions released from acidic soils with pH < 5.5 inhibit root elongation of crops, ultimately leading to yield reduced. It is necessary to identify the quantitative trait locus (QTLs) and candidate genes that confer toxicity resistance to understand the mechanism and improve tolerance of rapeseed. In this study, an F2 segregating population was derived from a cross between Al-tolerance inbred line FDH188 (R178) and -sensitive inbred line FDH152 (S169), and the F2:3 were used as materials to map QTLs associated with the relative elongation of taproot (RET) under Al toxicity stress. Based on bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq), three QTLs (qAT-A07-1, qAT-A07-2, and qAT-A09-1) were detected as significantly associated with RET, and 656 candidate genes were screened. By combined BSA and RNA-seq analysis, 55 candidate genes showed differentially expressed, including genes encoding ABC transporter G (ABCG), zinc finger protein, NAC, ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF), etc. These genes were probably positive factors in coping with Al toxicity stress in rapeseed. This study provides new insight into exploring the QTLs and candidate genes’ response to Al toxicity stress by combined BSA-seq and RNA-seq and is helpful to further research on the mechanism of Al resistance in rapeseed.

江农棉2号是江西省经济作物研究所(原江西省棉花研究所)和江西农庄主农业科技开发有限公司共同选育出的国审棉花新品种,适宜在长江流域棉区种植.该品种坐桃均匀,桃大、卵圆形,生长稳健,后劲足,早熟不早衰,抗逆性强,丰产性好、增产潜力大,稳产性好.为提高江农棉2号的种植质量,指导棉花制种田的种子生产,介绍江农棉2号的品种特性、亲本特征特性与保存、杂交制种、制种栽培管理及技术应用效果.

铝毒已成为酸性土壤中影响作物生长和产量提升最主要的限制因子之一.油菜是我国重要的油料作物,主要种植在土壤酸化较为严重的长江流域各省区.油菜是对铝毒较为敏感的作物之一,但耐铝性机制尚不清楚.综述铝毒的产生、铝毒对作物生长的影响、作物耐铝毒机制以及油菜耐铝性相关研究进展,为耐铝高产油菜新品种培育研究提供参考.

为指导千粒重遗传改良,挖掘甘蓝型油菜千粒重显著关联单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点及相关候选基因,以300份甘蓝型油菜种质资源为材料,对千粒重进行一年两地表型考察,结合该群体前期开发的201 817个SNP标记,采用一般线性模型(GLM)和混合线性模型(MLM)进行全基因组关联分析,对性状显著关联SNP位点两侧100 kb区域内相关候选基因进行功能预测.结果表明,300份甘蓝型油菜千粒重在两地均表现出广泛的表型变异,筛选出6份千粒重较高的油菜种质资源.基于GLM、MLM模型分别检测到24个和10个与油菜千粒重显著关联的SNP,其中有8个SNP在2个模型中均被检测到,位于第C02号染色体上Bn-C02-22853028的表型贡献率最大.6个位点附近找到HWS、DA1、DA2、CPL3、bZIP、CSPs、PTR2、ARF2、TRM61等9个拟南芥已报道粒重基因的同源基因.

This study aims to excavate the SNP loci and candidate genes significantly associated with the seed number per silique（SPS）in Brassica napus L. Having 300 B. napus inbreeding lines as experimental materials, we investigated the phenotypes of SPS under two locations(Jiangxi Agricultural University（JXAU）in Nanchang and Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil（JXIRS）in Jinxian in a year. Then we conducted the genome-wide association study via general linear model（GLM）and mixed linear model（MLM）combining 201 817 SNPs markers determined previously. And finally we predicted the functions of relevant candidate genes within the 100 kb region flanking trait significantly associated SNP loci. The results showed that the broad phenotypic variations of SPS in the two locations among the 300 300 B. napus samples existed, and two germplasm with more SNP were screened. Total 39 SNPs loci remarkably associated with SPS were excavated by general linear model（GLM）. Furthermore, 3 SNPs of SPS were detected severally using the mixed linear model（MLM）, and they all were detected using GLM. And 19 candidate orthologous genes to documented Arabidopsis the seed number per silique, like CIK, ERF022 and EDE1, were found near our eight SNPs loci. The results are conducive to analyzing the genetic basis of SPS of rapeseed and would lay a foundation for studying the regulation mechanism and guiding the genetic improvement of SPS.

油-稻-稻模式下土壤的集约化程度高,且较高的作物产量对土壤肥力要求较高.因此,研究合理的有机培肥措施对于指导三熟制下的作物产量提升意义重大.本研究通过田间定位试验,分别设计了油菜季不施有机物料(CK)、施猪粪(PM)和施生物质炭(BC)3个处理,比较了 2018和 2019年的作物产量、土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)和可溶性有机碳(SDOC)和可溶性有机氮(SDON)含量的变化,并探讨了土壤碳氮指标与作物产量的相关关系.结果表明:PM和BC均可以显著提升作物产量.与CK处理相比,PM和BC处理下 2018和 2019年三季总产量分别提高了 8.9%～13.8%,10.3%～15.1%,且BC处理显著高于PM处理(P<0.05).同时,PM和BC处理土壤微生物量碳和氮和可溶性碳和氮含量均显著高于CK处理,但BC和PM处理间则无显著差异.结合拟合方程的参数表明,土壤微生物量氮含量与三季作物总产量的相关系数较高.因此,在三熟制模式下,施用猪粪和生物质炭均可以提高作物产量和土壤碳氮含量,且土壤微生物量氮含量是提升作物产量的关键指标.

为了探究谷壳源黑炭不同用量对红壤性稻田肥力及水稻产量的影响,设置了6个不同谷壳源黑炭用量处理,开展了连续2 a的田间试验,分析测定了水稻产量、叶绿素含量、根茎重比和土壤肥力变化.结果表明:(1)与CK相比,水稻产量增加了18.05%～26.71%,当谷壳源黑炭施用量为20 t/hm2时,水稻产量达到最佳.(2)与CK相比,分蘖期水稻根系重量增加了9.90%～48.08%,长穗期根系重量增加了21.42%～122.12%,施用量在5、15 t/hm2时,水稻的根系重量达到最佳.(3)与CK相比,土壤pH值增加了0.02～0.18,有机质含量增加了1.65%～63.27%,土壤全氮含量增加了5.19%～12.98%,全磷含量增加了14.71%～35.29%,水解性氮含量增加了7.27%～26.06%,有效磷含量增加了20.46%～58.94%,土壤速效钾含量降低了14.25%～34.84%,且施用量在15和20 t/hm2时,土壤的pH值及肥力最佳.综上所述,谷壳源黑炭可以显著提高水稻产量及提升土壤肥力,当施用量在15、20 t/hm2时,水稻产量及土壤肥力达到最佳.

This study aims to clarify the effects of sowing date and density on yield and composition of rape, so as to provide a reference for local high-yield cultivation. In the rape season of 2020～2021, three factors including the young stem picking method,sowing date and density were carried out in a typical dryland of acidic red soil. The main plot was set as picking the main inflorescence at budding stage and no picking treatments. The two sowing dates of the split plot were October 3 and October 13. The four densities of the small split plot were 30 cm×10 cm(33.3×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D1), 30 cm×12 cm(27.8×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D2), 30 cm×15 cm(22.2×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D3) and 30 cm×20 cm(16.7×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D4). The young stem yield, growth process, rape yield and its components under different treatments were investigated. The results showed that compared with no picking treatment, picking treatment postponed 6 to 15 days of the initial flowering stage, the final flowering and mature period; significantly reduced plant height and effective branch height by 10.6% and 63.1%; increased stem enlargement and the number of primary effective branches by 7.89% and 21.9%; the number of siliques per plant and seeds per siliques unchanged; and 1 000-seed weight significantly reduced 9.59%. The yield of aboveground dry matter and rapeseed decreased with the increasing density, but the amplitude was less than that of no picking treatment. When sowing date was delayed by 10 d, the growth process was delayed by 12 d, the plant height and stem diameter were decreased significantly. The decreasing density did not affect the growth process but significantly increased the young stem thickness and the number of scones per plant; however, shoot dry matter weight and rape yield were significantly decreased. Therefore, the rape Zhongyouza are affected by both density and sowing date, and its appropriate dense planting and early sowing date can satisfy both the young stem and rape yields.

Background The exchangeable aluminum (Al), released from the acid soils, is another addition to the environmental stress factors in the form of Al toxicity stress. Al stress affects the normal crop development and reduces the overall yield of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). The response mechanism of plants to Al toxicity is complicated and difficult to understand with few QTL related studies in rapeseed under Al toxicity stress. Result Using 200,510 SNPs developed by SLAF-seq (specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing) technology, we carried out the genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) in a population of 254 inbred lines of B. napus with large genetic variation and Al-tolerance differences. There were 43 SNPs significantly associated with eight Al-tolerance traits in the seedling stage were detected on 14 chromosomes, and 777 candidate genes were screened at the flanking 100 kb region of these SNPs. Moreover, RNA-seq detected 8291 and 5341 DEGs (the differentially expressed gene) in the Al -tolerant line (ATL) and -sensitive line (ASL), respectively. Based on integration of GWAS and RNA-seq analysis, 64 candidate genes from GWAS analysis differentially expressed at least once in 6 h vs 0 h or 24 h vs 0 h conditions in ATL or ASL. Moreover, four out of sixty-four candidate genes ( BnaA03g30320D , BnaA10g11500D , BnaC03g38360D and BnaC06g30030D ) were differentially expressed in both 6 h and 24 h compared to 0 h (control) conditions in both lines. The proposed model based on the candidate genes excavated in this study highlighted that Al stress disturb the oxidation-redox balance, causing abnormal synthesis and repair of cell wall and ABA signal transduction, ultimately resulting in inhibition of root elongation. Conclusions The integration of GWAS and transcriptome analysis provide an effective strategy to explore the SNPs and candidate genes, which has a potential to develop molecular markers for breeding Al tolerant rapeseed varieties along with theoretical basis of molecular mechanisms for Al toxicity response of Brassica napus plants.

2018年早稻季在典型的酸性红壤双季稻田开展小区试验,探究石灰对红壤稻田油菜秸秆腐解、养分释放及早稻产量的影响.结果表明,施用石灰或油菜秸秆还田均显著提高早稻产量,且二者具有显著的互作效应.施用石灰显著促进了油菜秸秆还田后前中期的腐解和氮素释放,而对磷和钾元素的释放无显著影响.油菜秸秆还田并配施石灰能促进早稻分蘖成穗、地上部养分(氮、磷、钾)吸收及干物质积累,提高总颖花量,从而扩大有效穗数和每穗粒数.可见,在酸性红壤稻田,油菜秸秆还田并配施石灰可加速自身腐解与氮素释放,实现水稻增产.

为了探索红壤旱地甘薯适宜的栽培方法,以常规栽培为对照,比较分析不同栽培措施对甘薯农艺性状、产量及经济效益的影响,并通过主成分分析法建立不同栽培措施的综合评价模型.结果表明,相比常规栽培,其它栽培措施均能增加地上部分产量、鲜薯产量、生物产量、蔓长和单薯鲜质量,降低经济系数、单株结薯数、干物率和R/T值,但仅黑膜覆盖和增施钾肥两项措施的产投系数高于常规栽培.相关性分析结果显示,不同栽培措施在促进植株生长的同时会降低干物率,而促进光合产物的转化能提高单株结薯数,促进地上部分生长能提高单薯鲜质量.主成分分析前3个主成分的累计贡献率达96.27％,分别为产量性状、经济性状和光合产物性状.综合评价模型结果显示,在本试验气候条件下,黑膜覆盖和增施钾肥综合得分较高,为适宜在红壤旱地应用的甘薯栽培措施,保水剂应用和稻草覆盖综合得分为负数,不适宜在红壤旱地应用.

2016～2018年在长江中游三熟制区(江西进贤)开展田间试验,初步探究了缓释型配方肥(N:P2O5:K2O=25:7:8,及5％其他中微量元素)在晚稻套播油菜上的施用效果,从而为套播油菜轻简化施肥提供参考.结果表明:在油稻稻三熟制秸秆还田下,相比不施肥处理,分次施常规肥和一次性基施配方肥处理均显著增加了套播油菜产量和收入;缓释型配方肥在减少肥料养分投入且一次性基施的情况下,仍能达到甚至优于常规肥分次施用的效果.对于晚稻套播油菜,缓释型配方肥是一种较为理想的肥料,建议因地制宜地推广应用.

采用方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析的方法,对2年间8个不同食用型甘薯品种(系)的主要农艺性状测定结果进行稳定性分析,并建立了一个适宜红壤旱地食用型甘薯品种的评价模型,以期揭示主要农艺性状的变异规律,并为红壤旱地食用型甘薯品种的筛选与选育提供方法和理论依据.结果表明:年度间总的农艺性状变化差异较小.供试所有品种(系)的主要农艺性状基因型效应差异显著或极显著,且均大于年份效应,但仅还苗期的年份效应差异显著.相关性分析显示,干物率与蔓长呈显著性正相关,与食味评价呈极显著正相关,与分枝数呈显著性负相关,薯干产量与封垄期和分枝数呈显著性负相关.基于主成分分析的方法建立了食用型甘薯品种在红壤旱地适应性的综合评价模型,能有效提高食用型甘薯品种适应性评价的科学性,应用于生产与育种实践.

为明确种肥同播条件下红壤耕地的适宜硼肥用量,在红壤旱地和水田通过开展种肥同播不同硼肥用量试验,本研究设置施硼肥量为0(T1,对照)、4.5(T2)、9.0(T3)、13.5 kg·hm-2(T4)4个处理,研究其对油菜出苗、生长发育、硼肥吸收利用效果、籽粒产量、品质等的影响.结果表明,红壤耕地增施硼肥,油菜花期可缩短9～20 d,全生育期缩短2～11 d.红壤中有效硼含量严重缺乏,增施硼肥可显著提高油菜生物量和菜籽产量.适宜的硼肥用量可通过增加成株率、单株角果数和每角粒数提高产量.施硼量为9.0 kg·hm-2时,菜籽产量达最佳水平,为2 131.6 kg·hm-2,较对照增产336.1％.收获期硼吸收量和各器官中硼含量随施硼量增加而增加,施硼量为13.5 kg·hm-2时硼吸收量和各器官中硼含量均达到最大值.硼肥利用率随施硼量增加呈降低趋势,土壤基础有效硼含量越低,硼肥贡献率越大,施硼增产效果越好.施硼量为9.0 kg·hm-2时,菜籽含油量和产油量达最佳水平,与对照相比含油量增加6.7个百分点,产油量达996.4 kg·hm-2,较对照增加401.5％.综合菜籽产量、含油量、硼肥利用率和产油量等因素,推荐红壤旱地硼肥施用量为9.0 kg·hm-2,水田可适当增加施用量,但不宜超过13.5 kg·hm-2.本研究为我省红壤耕地油菜生产硼肥施用和油菜全程机械化生产提供了技术参考和理论依据.

在再生稻生产中,头季稻的留桩高度是影响再生稻产量的关键因素.以籼稻品种为试验材料,在油菜-中稻-再生稻三熟制的赣中北红壤稻田地区,通过田间试验比较了留桩高度为10 cm(T10)、20cm(T20)、30 cm(T30)和40 cm(T40)处理下再生稻的干物质积累、再生力和产量变化.结果表明,再生季齐穗期和成熟期的干物质积累、茎鞘叶物质输出率和茎鞘叶物质贡献率均随着留桩高度的增加而呈现出逐渐上升的趋势,较高的留桩高度也显著提高了再生率和产量.相关分析表明,在干物质和再生力等指标中,与再生稻产量密切相关的指标为茎鞘叶干物质贡献率(r=0.994);拟合方程发现,当茎鞘叶物质贡献率每增加1％,再生稻产量可以提高52.74 kg/hm2.在油菜-中稻-再生稻三熟制的赣中北红壤稻田地区,利用籼型中稻作再生稻生产,留桩高度以30～40 cm为宜.

为了明确油菜秸秆还田配施石灰对红壤稻田酸化改良和培肥的效果,2018年早稻季在典型的酸性红壤双季稻田(江西进贤)开展石灰和油菜秸秆还田双因素小区试验,分析油菜秸秆还田配施石灰对早稻产量形成、土壤pH及速效养分的影响.结果表明,施用石灰和油菜秸秆还田均显著促进了早稻高产的形成,且二者具有显著的互作效应.在秸秆还田条件下,配施石灰使早稻增产11.4％;而在秸秆不还田条件下,增幅仅为6.3％.油菜秸秆还田并配施石灰协同促进了早稻分蘖成穗、地上部养分(氮、磷、钾)吸收及干物质积累,从而扩大了总颖花量,提高了有效穗数和每穗粒数,同时,能够快速改良土壤酸化并增加耕层速效养分.因此,油菜秸秆还田配施石灰可改良酸性红壤稻田土壤,实现早稻增产.

为明确红壤旱地直播油菜（Brassica napus L.）缓释肥（N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=25-7-8）一次性侧位深施效果及适宜用量,2017—2020年在典型的红壤丘陵区（江西进贤）开展缓释肥施用方式对比试验（不施肥、一次性土表撒施和一次性侧位深施）和施用量试验(0、300、450、600、750和900 kg·hm -2 ),研究缓释肥一次性侧位深施及不同施用量对油菜产量形成和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,相比传统土表撒施,侧位深施显著促进了N、P、K的吸收,同步提高了油菜产量和肥料利用率,且对晚熟油菜影响更为显著。菜籽产量与缓释肥用量呈线性加平台关系,适宜施肥量可保证较大的收获密度及较多的每株角果数和每角粒数,从而协同提高籽粒产量和经济效益,同时维持较高的肥料利用率。晚熟和早熟油菜缓释肥侧位深施的适宜用量分别为720和605 kg·hm -2 ,产量潜力可分别达2 500和1 750 kg·hm -2 。因此,一次性侧位深施适量缓释肥可显著提高红壤旱地直播油菜生产力,建议结合机械化种植因地制宜地推广应用。

为探讨马铃薯-中稻-再生稻不同覆盖方式下马铃薯的生长发育特性,选用裸地(M1)、稻草包芯覆盖(M2)、黑色地膜覆盖(M3)、稻草包芯+黑色地膜覆盖(M4)4种覆盖方式,以4个马铃薯品种为材料,采用2因素裂区设计对不同覆盖方式下马铃薯出苗时间及出苗率、大中薯率、产量和经济效益进行研究.结果表明,在所有处理中,M4处理的出苗率最高,分别比M3、M2和M1处理提高了1.62％、2.65％、7.71％.马铃薯的株高、主茎数、大中薯率和产量均表现出M4>M3>M2>M1.而不同品种的产量则以兴佳2号最高,分别比华薯2号、中薯5号、费乌瑞它提高了90.86％、98.70％、103.17％.同时,M4处理下兴佳2号的产量分别比M3、M2和M1处理增加了17.32％、30.70％和43.17％,产投比则分别提高了13.14％、22.22％、41.43％.方差分析表明,品种对产量的影响最大,覆盖方式对出苗率影响最大.因此,稻草包芯+黑色地膜覆盖技术可改善马铃薯大中薯率,能显著增产增收,是江西三熟制地区的高效栽培模式.