In this study, a hydrophobic and oleophobic anti-fouling coating was prepared by modifying polytrifluoropropyl hydroxymethylsiloxane (PFHMS) with perfluoropolyether diallyl oxide (PPD). Firstly, PFHMS was obtained through ring-opening polymerization. Through a hydrosilylation reaction between PPD (bearing a terminal double bond) and PFHMS, perfluoropolyether allyl ether polysiloxanes (PFD) with different grafting rates were synthesized. Subsequent reaction with vinyl triethoxysilane (TOYS) yielded a two-component crosslinked perfluoropolyether allyl ether polysiloxane (PDF). The structures of the products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations indicated that fluorine-containing groups migrated to the coating surface. Surface wettability studies showed that the grafting of PPD reduced the surface energy of the coating to 12.64 mN/m. This coating not only possesses excellent transparency and outstanding antifouling performance, but also achieves an adhesion grade of 4B. In addition, it exhibits good tolerance to acid, alkali and salt solutions. This study demonstrates that PDF can serve as a promising protective coating in the field of engineering applications.

Transparent superhydrophobic coatings have broad applications in photovoltaic systems, automotive windshields, and optical devices, etc. Despite extensive research progress in this field, achieving high transparency, significant superhydrophobicity, excellent mechanical durability, good chemical stability, and UV resistance remains challenging. In this paper, a transparent superhydrophobic coating was prepared through a simple twostep process of scraping and spraying. Firstly, an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) bonding layer was coated on the glass substrate by the scraping process. Then, silica nanoparticles were sprayed on it, followed by surface modification with Perfluoropolyether siloxane (PFPE-Si). The coated glass exhibited excellent optical transparency (transmittance of 90.9 %) and superhydrophobicity (WCA of 158 degrees and WSA of 3 degrees). The coating also demonstrated self-cleaning properties. A series of experiments confirmed that the coating had good mechanical and chemical durability. More importantly, thanks to the excellent performance of PFPE-Si, it had significant UV resistance. After being exposed to 365 nm UV light for 48 h, the WCA and WSA remained at 155 degrees and 4 degrees respectively, and the transmittance remained above 90 %. It can be believed that such a transparent coating has broad application prospects.

Scalable micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) hold promising prospects in the field of innovative energy supplies. However, the applications of MSCs are often restricted by low-efficiency patterning processes and low energy density. Herein, we fabricate fluorine-doped laser-induced graphene/polyaniline (FF-LIG/PANI) interdigitated electrodes by utilizing fluorinated polyimide film (FF-PI) as the precursor which was radiated with laser, followed by electrodeposition techniques. The FF-LIG obtained through laser direct writing exhibits a highly porous microstructure and a large specific surface area (1083.2 m2/g), providing an ideal scaffold for the uniform deposition of PANI. The introduction of pseudocapacitance of PANI significantly enhances the capacitive performance. At an optimum cycling number of 9 during the electrodeposition of PANI, the FFP9-MSC delivers an areal capacitance of 180.6 mF/cm2 at a current density of 0.3 mA/cm2, which is 162.2 times that of MSC derived from commercial polyimide (CPI). The corresponding energy density reaches 15.62 mu Wh/cm2, and the power density is 0.12 mW/cm2. The high-energy-density performance and the simplified production process make it promising for future micro-electronic device applications.

The superhydrophilic/underwater superhydrophobic membrane offers unique advantages in effectively sepa-rating oily wastewater. However, the development of membrane materials that can efficiently separate emulsions only under gravity is still a challenge. A crosslinked network copolymer P(MA-AMPS) was synthesized by radical polymerization of N, n-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), methacrylamide (MA) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropa-nesulfonic acid (AMPS) initiated by potassium persulfate. Then polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nano-SiO2 were inserted to the crosslinked polymer system in order to prepare a P(MA-AMPS)/PVA@SiO2 hybrid hydrogel. The hybrid hydrogel can be sprayed on the surface of stainless steel mesh (SSM) by a simple spraying method, so as to achieve superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity. The oil-water emulsion permeation flux reached more than 352.94 L & BULL;m � 2 & BULL;h-1, while xhibiting a more than 99.5 % separation efficiency under gravity. The anti-fouling tests demonstrated that the membrane exhibited outstanding anti-fouling performance. Moreover, the combination of stable semi-interpenetrating networks and nanoparticles made the membrane exhibit excellent stability and durable separation ability in complex physicochemical environments.

工业含油废水的大量产生和漏油事故的频发,促使高效处理含油废水成为全球性问题.通过浸渍法将聚多巴胺(Polydopamine,PDA)和埃洛石纳米管(Halloysite nanotubes,HNTs)原位沉积在不锈钢网上,制备了超亲水/水下超疏油滤网(PDA-HNTs/SSM)并用于油水分离.利用SEM、EDS、FTIR、XRD、XPS和接触角仪表征了改性不锈钢网的表面形貌、化学组成和润湿性.结果表明,通过调整PDA与HNTs的浸渍周期可控制材料的润湿性和表面微/纳复合结构,10个浸渍周期得到的PDA-HNTs/SSM的超亲水性/水下超疏油性能最优,水下二氯甲烷接触角大于 157°,滑动角小于 5°.分别采用二甲苯、环己烷、正己烷、石油醚和二氯甲烷进行油水分离测试,PDA-HNTs/SSM的分离效率均大于 99%,经 50次循环使用后其分离效率在95.5%以上,且在浓度为 1 mol/L的HCl、NaOH和NaCl溶液中静置 7天或经砂纸摩擦 10 m后,仍保持稳定的水下超疏油性和良好的油水分离能力.

FeTe/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites have been synthesized using hydrothermal method followed by anneal process. The structure and morphology of FeTe/RGO nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For Na-ion batteries anode, the FeTe/RGO electrode exhibits stable cyclability with a reversible capacity of 360 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and good rate capability. For K-ion batteries anode, the FeTe/RGO electrode also exhibits a reversible capacity of 320 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and good rate capability. The good electrochemical performance of the FeTe/RGO electrode is ascribed to its unique structure, which can accommodate volume variation of FeTe and enhance the electronic conductivity. The synthesis approach in this work is facile, cost-effective, which can be potentially used to fabricate other metal tellurides/RGO composites as well. Considering the excellent electrochemical properties of FeTe/RGO, it is suggested that the FeTe/RGO is favorable for the potential applications in electrochemical device.

首先,以全氟(2-甲基-3-氧杂己基)氟化物(六氟环氧丙烷二聚体)和N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH792)为原料制备一种氟化硅氧烷,用FTIR和1HNMR表征其结构.然后,将氟化硅氧烷与聚醚胺共同固化环氧树脂DGEBA(双酚A型二缩水甘油醚),测试了改性环氧树脂复合材料的性能.结果表明,与未改性环氧树脂相比,加入氟化硅氧烷使含氟量1％(以DGEBA质量计)改性环氧树脂复合材料的表面静态水接触角由72.0°增至103.2°,表面能由(42.08±2.17)mN/m降至(20.55±1.45)mN/m,40 d吸水率由1.75％降至1.38％,有效提高了材料的疏水性;介电常数由3.83降低至3.63;材料热分解5％温度由339℃升高至347℃;拉伸及弯曲力学性能分别提高了8.5％及7.7％.含氟量为1％时,改性环氧树脂复合材料的综合性能最佳,差式量热扫描和动态力学性能测试结果表明,少量改性剂可以促进环氧树脂的固化反应,提高固化度和交联密度;当氟化硅氧烷添加量增加时,材料内部发生显著的微相分离并导致性能逐渐下降.

Fluorinated siloxane (F-Si(OCH3)(3)) was synthesized from perfluoro (2-methyl-3-oxyhexyl) fluorine and N-(beta-aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane, and then was used for hydrophobic modification of halloysite nanotubes (F-HNTs). A mixture of epoxy resin and F-HNTs was sprayed onto the surface of the stainless steel mesh. F-HNTs enhanced the surface roughness and reduced the surface energy, giving the mesh super-hydrophobic/superlipophilic properties. The static water contact angle of coated mesh can reach 155.4 +/- 0.3 degrees. A series of oil and water mixtures can be separated, and the separation efficiency was higher than 97.8 +/- 0.3%. After 50 cycles, the separation efficiency was still higher than 96.2 +/- 0.5%. The coating mesh also had high separation efficiency for oil-water mixtures with different volume ratios and pH values. More importantly, the coated mesh still showed good stability in the harsh test conditions, such as strong acid, strong alkali, sand-paper wear and so on. Since the preparation of the coated mesh has the advantages of simplicity, scalability, and economy, it is expected to be applied on a large scale in the field of oil-water separation in the future.

将埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)与2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸(CEPPA)复配并用于环氧树脂(EP)阻燃改性,制备了CEPPA-HNTs/EP复合材料.研究了HNTs与CEPPA的配比对CEPPA-HNTs/EP复合材料热稳定性、阻燃性及力学性能的影响.TG分析表明,CEPPA与HNTs复配可提高CEPPA-HNTs/EP复合材料的热稳定性,促进成炭并降低分解速率.锥形量热和极限氧指数分析表明,加入HNTs可降低EP热释放速率,而CEPPA对提高EP的极限氧指数作用更显著.残炭的红外分析及SEM结果表明,燃烧过程中CEPPA与HNTs反应生成硅铝磷酸盐促进凝聚相的脱水交联,形成更致密的炭层.力学性能分析表明,当HNTs与EP和CEPPA与EP的质量比分别为6％和4％时,CEPPA-HNTs/EP复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了19.4％和17.3％,冲击断面的SEM图像显示CEPPA-HNTs/EP复合材料呈韧性断裂.

通过2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸(CEPPA)与三羟甲基氧化膦(THPO)的酯化反应合成了含磷阻燃剂THPPA.用红外光谱、核磁共振确定了THPPA的结构和组成,并将埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)与THPPA复配用于环氧树脂阻燃改性.热重分析表明,HNTs与THPPA复配可以提高复合材料的热稳定性,降低分解速率并促进成炭.锥形量热测试显示,THPPA与HNTs复配使复合材料的热释放速率和总放热量分别降低了63.6％和56.8％,同时,复合材料的氧指数和垂直燃烧等级均有所提高.扫描电镜显示,HNTs与THPPA在凝聚相发挥协效作用,有助于环氧树脂燃烧后形成更致密的炭层.TGA-IR分析发现,分解产物中有P=O存在,表明有气相阻燃作用.力学性能测试表明,当THPPA和HNTs的添加量分别为8％和6％时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度与空白环氧树脂相比分别提高了4.0％和4.5％,冲击断面显示出韧性断裂的特征.

用全氟己烷乙基丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚得到含环氧基的氟树脂,同时以全氟聚醚醇和二乙胺、聚醚胺为原料,分别制备了两种胺类固化剂.利用FTIR表征了氟树脂及固化剂的结构.将质量分数为1％(以涂覆剂整体质量计)的氟树脂涂覆在铜板表面并固化成膜,用水接触角、中性盐雾测试、EIS、极化曲线等方法研究了涂层对铜板的防腐蚀性能.结果表明,铜板表面氟树脂F-X的接触角均在120°以上,F-6(PFHEAc与GMA质量比为6:4)与F-5(PFHEAc与GMA质量比为5:5)系列的涂层耐盐雾腐蚀时间可达24 h以上,是市售电子涂布液EGC-1702的2倍,F-5系列氟树脂涂层阻抗模值可达到639.08Ω,而涂层EGC-1702阻抗模值只有317.42Ω.F-6系列氟树脂腐蚀前后的腐蚀电流密度仅从1.201×10-4 A增大为2.649×10-4 A,经EIS和极化曲线分析表明合成的氟树脂耐腐蚀性优异.热重分析表明,涂层的热分解温度高于330℃,热稳定性良好.

以水性环氧树脂乳液和水性硅溶胶作为成膜基料,添加防锈颜填料,制备了一种有机-无机水性复合防腐涂料.研究了防腐涂料的腐蚀速率以及水性硅溶胶用量对涂层在不同腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性,及其表干时间、实干时间、硬度、附着力和耐盐雾性的影响,通过电化学方法确定了涂层的最佳厚度.结果表明:当防闪锈剂添加量为1％(w)、颜基比为20％(w)、水性硅溶胶的质量占水性环氧树脂质量的15％、漆膜厚度为180?μm时,所制复合水性防腐涂料具备良好的耐水、耐碱、耐盐雾性.

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,磷酸(PA)、双羟甲基甲基氧化磷(BMPO)和三聚氰胺(MEL)反应生成一种高磷含量磷酸酯三聚氰胺盐(HPPMS).进一步对其改性,得到了水溶性较好的皮革阻燃剂.通过红外光谱确定阻燃剂的结构,极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧与热重分析分别表征皮革的阻燃性能和热稳定性;同时通过扫描电子显微镜观察皮革燃烧后炭层形貌.结果表明:添加皮革质量6％的改性HPPMS,可以使阻燃皮革的LOI从26.7％提高到34.6％,垂直燃烧达到了V-0等级.而且,SEM分析结果表明,加入HPPMS的皮革在燃烧过程中会形成多孔致密的炭层,会使皮革的抗燃性能提高.

采用三羟甲基氧化膦(THPO)与纳米SiO2改性水性聚氨酯制备了一系列含磷含硅水性聚氨酯(SiPWPU),并研究了SiPWPU的阻燃性能和阻燃机理.结果 表明:磷含量为1.37％(w),SiO2含量为4％(w)时,SiPWPU的极限氧指数可达31.4％,热释放速率降低35.8％;随着SiO2含量增加,SiPWPU的残炭率升高,硅含量为4％(w),残炭率由未改性水性聚氨酯的0.63％增至6.48％.THPO和SiO2主要在凝聚相起阻燃作用,对气相也有阻燃效果.

首先用三乙氧基-1H,1H,2H,2H-十三氟-N-辛基硅烷(FAS)对SiO2粒子进行疏水改性,再将改性SiO2在氟化丙烯酸酯-聚氨酯乳液(WFPUA)中超声分散并制备涂层.利用FT-IR、TGA和TEM对改性SiO2的结构进行了表征,研究了改性SiO2的用量、干燥温度对涂层接触角、吸水率、附着力、铅笔硬度及热稳定性的影响,并利用EIS电化学分析技术研究了改性SiO2对涂层防腐性能的影响.结果表明,当100份WFPUA乳液中加入8份改性SiO2、干燥温度为80℃时,涂层具有良好的疏水疏油性能,对水和正十六烷的接触角分别为110.2°和40.3°;SEM分析表明改性SiO2在涂层表面形成了粗糙结构;EIS分析表明改性SiO2能改善涂层的防腐性能.

In recent years, the increase in demand for fumaric acid from industry has resulted in an increased need for a high-selectivity process for the conversion of maleic acid to fumaric acid. A highly selective conversion of fumaric acid was achieved without a catalyst by a simple one-step hydrothermal reaction. In addition, the competitive conversion of maleic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid was first systematically investigated in detail without using a catalyst. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, which demonstrated that the product was fumaric acid. The highly selective conversion of fumaric acid was achieved, and the yield of fumaric acid could reach 92%. Furthermore, a reaction kinetic model was put forward to study the competitive transformation process. The kinetic model predictions were found to agree well with the experimental data. The kinetic parameters were used to explain the changes in the content of every substance at different reaction temperatures and reaction times. In addition, the initial maleic acid concentration in the reaction was also considered as an influencing factor. These results can facilitate the conditional control and product control of industrial processes for the production of fumaric acid or malic acid using latter without a catalyst.

This paper reported the synthesis of an organic solvent, chloroethoxy-terminated perfluoropolyether (PFPECH2CH2Cl), which was obtained by reacting hydroxyethoxy-terminated perfluoropolyether with thionyl chloride. Liquid polymer electrolytes were then prepared by solving bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt in PFPECH2CH2Cl for lithium ion battery applications. The electrolyte exhibits higher lithium-ion transference number (t(+) = 0.87), lower glass transition temperature (T-g = -13.3 degrees C), higher decomposition temperature (T-d5% > 210 degrees C), and wider electrochemical stability window up to 4.3 V (vs. Li/Li+) at a lithium salt concentration of 0.7 mol L-1 (the weight percent is about 10%). Moreover, it is surprisingly found that PFPECH2CH2Cl/LiTFSI electrolyte had excellent redox property in lithium batteries. PFPECH2CH2Cl is proposed to react with Li metal to form PFPECH2CH2Li, which not only promoted the compatibility with lithium, but also increased the concentration of lithium ions, thus facilitating the participation of lithium ions in the electrochemical reactions.

用氨基硅油(APDMS)改性水性环氧树脂(EP)得到疏水性的环氧树脂乳液(APDMS-EP);用1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷(FAS)与纳米SiO2反应得到氟改性纳米SiO2(F-SiO2).采用不同比例的F-SiO2与APDMS-EP进行复配,室温固化制备疏水涂层,并对F-SiO2的结构进行了表征,研究了F-SiO2用量对涂层的接触角、铅笔硬度、附着力、热稳定性及耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果 表明:APDMS的引入使水性环氧树脂涂层的水接触角从47.3°提高到97.7°;加入F-SiO2后涂层疏水性进一步提高,当加入15％的F-SiO2时,涂层对水和丙三醇的接触角分别为120.3°和104.5°,F-SiO2的加入也增强了涂层的防腐性能.

将2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸铝(CEPPAAI)与有机蒙脱土(OMMT)复合,制备了OMMT-CEPPAAI纳米复合阻燃剂,并用XRD和FT-IR对阻燃剂结构进行了表征.将复合阻燃剂用于制革工艺复鞣工段.对皮革的极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧和锥形量热的研究表明,当阻燃剂中OMMT含量为20％时,阻燃皮革LOI达到33.0％,有焰燃烧时间和无焰燃烧时间几乎为0s,最大热释放速率较空白皮革降低了25.9％.用SEM研究了残炭形貌及表面元素,结果表明OMMT-CEPPAAI可在凝聚相起阻燃作用.力学性能及收缩温度研究表明,加入OMMT-CEPPAAI,皮革保持了良好的力学性能和湿热稳定性.