MoO2纳米棒具有高电导率、高熔点及比容量较大,在超级电容器电极材料领域应用前景广泛.现有MoO2纳米棒制备方法大多存在操作复杂、收率低、成本高、易引入杂质等问题,且这些方法制备的MoO2产品存在形貌不均一、分散性差、电化学性能低的问题.基于此,本工作以双氧水和钼粉制备的过氧钼酸前驱体为钼源,PEG (8000)为模板剂制备出带状结构含钼杂化物,然后以浆态带状杂化物为原料采用两段式全湿法工艺制备纳米棒状MoO2.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线能谱(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对二氧化钼纳米棒的物相、表面组成与形貌进行了分析,同时分别采用三电极和两电极体系研究了MoO2纳米棒的电化学电容行为,考察了MoO2纳米棒直接作为电极组装电容的性能.结果 表明,所制的MoO2为长约500～800 nm、宽约100～200 nm的棒状结构,形貌与尺寸均匀,具有良好的分散性和较高的纯度.以MoO2纳米棒制备的电极在1A/g的电流密度下,三电极和两电极体系所测得比电容分别为366.7和290.4 F/g;在5A/g电流密度下循环充放电2000次后电容保持率均高于72％,展现出了良好的电化学性能.该研究结果可为纳米金属氧化物的制备提供新方法.

利用正交试验确定了乳化切削液的最佳配比;通过单因素试验分析了极压添加剂和油性剂的用量对切削液性能的影响,并确定其最佳用量;借助Tafel极化曲线确定了乳化切削液使用的最佳稀释浓度;按照乳化切削液行业标准要求对切削液进行综合测试,结果表明,该乳化切削液各项性能指标均符合行业标准,缓蚀性和润滑性方面优于部分市售切削液.

采用单体预乳化、种子乳液聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯为硬单体,丙烯酸丁酯为软单体,以环氧树脂改性,制备了稳定性强、吸水率低的环氧改性苯丙乳液,并将其作为成膜剂,制备了水性锈转化涂料.考察了乳化剂、引发剂、单体和环氧树脂用量对乳液性能的影响,得到的最优用量为:乳化剂1.00％,引发剂0.25％,单体47.50％,环氧树脂2.00％.水性锈转化漆膜的水接触角为112°,显示出较好的疏水性,可耐3.5％NaCl溶液168h,耐盐雾96ha.

氢氧化铬是含铬二次资源中铬的重要存在形式,也是含六价铬污染物还原时的主要产物,其氧化过程的研究对铬资源的提取和铬污染的控制具有重要意义.以亚硫酸钠还原重铬酸钠制备的氢氧化铬为研究对象,实验考察了氧化温度(室温～200℃)、氧化时间(0～168 h)、添加剂种类(碳酸钠、硫酸钠)等因素对氢氧化铬氧化的影响,并进行了氧化方程选取和动力学拟合计算.结果表明,温度越高两种氢氧化铬样品氧化反应越充分、氧化限度越大.在无添加剂条件下,200℃时新制、陈化氢氧化铬的氧化速率K值分别是80℃时的617、4375倍;添加剂的加入会促进其氧化反应,140℃条件下,新制氢氧化铬添加碳酸钠、硫酸钠为n(Na):n(Cr)=0.2时的氧化速率K值分别是无添加时的10、4倍;新制氢氧化铬较陈化氢氧化铬更易氧化,氧化速率K值为陈化氢氧化铬样品的1.4～1.9倍,可能与其所含结合水较多有关.

采用苯丙乳液与改性苯丙乳液共混作为成膜物质,以单宁酸为转锈剂,柠檬酸为配位剂,焦性没食子酸为转锈促进剂,再加入成膜助剂、有机胺类缓蚀剂、渗透剂等,制备了一种可应用于带锈钢材的水性锈转化涂料.通过正交试验和单因素试验确定了涂料的最优配方为:成膜物质65％,转锈剂5％,转锈促进剂2％,缓蚀剂0.6％,渗透剂2％,配位剂0.5％,成膜助剂1.6％,蒸馏水余量.采用塔菲尔极化曲线测量、中性盐雾试验和盐水浸泡试验考察了漆膜的耐蚀性.结果表明,所制水性锈转化涂膜可耐盐雾96 h,耐盐水浸泡168 h,且耐酸性较强,在pH为2的3.5％NaCl溶液中有保护作用.与两款市售涂料相比,该自制水性锈转化涂料具有更好的耐蚀性.

以水性环氧树脂乳液和水性硅溶胶作为成膜基料,添加防锈颜填料,制备了一种有机-无机水性复合防腐涂料.研究了防腐涂料的腐蚀速率以及水性硅溶胶用量对涂层在不同腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性,及其表干时间、实干时间、硬度、附着力和耐盐雾性的影响,通过电化学方法确定了涂层的最佳厚度.结果表明:当防闪锈剂添加量为1％(w)、颜基比为20％(w)、水性硅溶胶的质量占水性环氧树脂质量的15％、漆膜厚度为180?μm时,所制复合水性防腐涂料具备良好的耐水、耐碱、耐盐雾性.

本文以硫酸镉和醋酸锌、醋酸镉等原料使用室温固相法、水热法室温下按照不同的比例配置镉化物和硒化物,成功的合成了硫化物的纳米结构颗粒,生物显微镜等试验设备对产物的结构进行了表征以及性能上的测试,通过测试找到合成纳米颗粒的合适的原料摩尔比例.

In recent years, the increase in demand for fumaric acid from industry has resulted in an increased need for a high-selectivity process for the conversion of maleic acid to fumaric acid. A highly selective conversion of fumaric acid was achieved without a catalyst by a simple one-step hydrothermal reaction. In addition, the competitive conversion of maleic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid was first systematically investigated in detail without using a catalyst. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, which demonstrated that the product was fumaric acid. The highly selective conversion of fumaric acid was achieved, and the yield of fumaric acid could reach 92%. Furthermore, a reaction kinetic model was put forward to study the competitive transformation process. The kinetic model predictions were found to agree well with the experimental data. The kinetic parameters were used to explain the changes in the content of every substance at different reaction temperatures and reaction times. In addition, the initial maleic acid concentration in the reaction was also considered as an influencing factor. These results can facilitate the conditional control and product control of industrial processes for the production of fumaric acid or malic acid using latter without a catalyst.

采用次氯酸钠对碱性玫瑰精生产模拟废水进行氧化降解,考察了初始COD浓度、反应pH、次氯酸钠投加量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对降解效果的影响,并进行了动力学特征研究.结果 表明,向50 mL初始COD为1 050 mg/L的碱性玫瑰精生产模拟废水中投加次氯酸钠溶液(质量分数为8％)3.0 mL,控制反应pH为3.0,常温下搅拌反应30 min,COD去除率可以达到88％左右,且该反应过程呈现一级动力学特征.

采用二、三类基础油、无灰型液压油类复合添加剂和聚甲基丙烯酸酯型黏度指数改进剂作为配方基础,配合含氮硼酸酯类极压抗磨剂,调制一款抗磨型车辆减震器油,其基本性能指标满足当前主流OEM商控制指标要求.考察含氮硼酸酯类极压抗磨剂添加比例对减震器油极压抗磨性能的影响,当添加比例为1.5％时,最大无卡咬负荷(PB)达到784 N,磨斑直径0.37 mm,抗磨性能显著提升.

以十二烯基琥珀酸(T746)、 甲醇、 二乙醇胺为原料,采用两步法合成了一种水溶性防锈添加剂十二烯基琥珀酸二乙醇酰胺(T746-X),通过正交试验确定最佳反应条件.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪表征有机合成产物的结构;通过湿热法、 电化学极化曲线和交流阻抗谱(EIS)研究其在水基切削液中的防锈性能,根据JB/T 7453-2013半合成切削液行业标准对该切削液各项性能进行检测.红外光谱分析显示合成产品为一种脂肪烃醇酰胺类化合物;湿热法和电化学方法分析结果表明,防锈剂T746-X能提高半合成切削液体系的防锈性能;防锈剂T746-X质量浓度为3.75 g/L的半合成切削液稀释液具有良好的防锈性能,且各项性能均符合JB/T 7453-2013技术要求.

在催化剂作用下,通过醚化反应合成1-巯基苯并噻唑-2-辛基-3-苯基硼酸酯(MOPB)作为润滑油添加剂.以四球磨损试验机为测试工具分别测试MOPB的摩擦学性能,当基础油(PAO)中的MOPB添加量为2.5％时,基础油的承载能力和抗磨性能分别提高了131.8％和24.7％.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分别分析测试过程中的钢球磨损表面形貌和磨斑表面元素组成,通过水解稳定性实验测试MOPB的水解稳定性.结果表明:MOPB具有优良的水解稳定性,同时,MOPB作为润滑油添加剂与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)相比具有较好的摩擦学性能.SEM和EDS的测试结果表明,在摩擦环境下,MOPB能有效减轻钢球摩擦副表面的擦伤和磨损.

The surface of the hollow glass microspheres is encapsulated through sol-gel method with butyl titanate and anhydrous ethanol as raw materials and glacial acetic acid as chelating agent.The surface coating phenomenon is analyzed by SEM and XRD.The nano insulation coatings with excellent performance are prepared by using the hollow glass microspheres modified by nano TiO2 as main insulation materials,adding other nano pigment and fillers,using styrene-acrylic emulsion as film-forming agent,and adding a small amount of dispersant,leveling agent,film forming agent,defoamer and other surfactants.The formulation composition and basic performance of the prepared coatings are studied in detail.The results show that the maximum temperature difference can reach 10℃ through testing by self-made heat insulation system,the thermal conductivity can reduce to 0.169 8 W/(m· K),the reflectivity is 0.823 1,and the coating adhesion and resistances to acid and alkali all can meet China's national standard when the film thickness is 200 μm.

Fumaric acid is an important food additive and industrial intermediate compound. The traditional methods of producing fumaric acid were catalyzed by maleic acid isomerization. In this study, isomerization of maleic acid in water without catalyst was investigated at elevated temperature, which addressed the problem of sewage discharge. HPLC analysis showed maleic acid converted into fumaric acid and small amount of malic acid simultaneously. The effects of concentration of maleic acid, reaction temperature, reaction time, and stirring on the yield of fumaric acid were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions were also explored. The results showed the isomerization of maleic acid reached equilibrium at about 1 h, stirring did not affect the reaction rate, and conversion due to the monomolecular mechanism. In order to achieve “zero emission,” the recycle of filter liquor was also studied. The pH of filter liquor changing signifies the lower pH was in favor of the conversion of maleic acid to fumaric acid. The high yield and recyclability suggested that this process had promising application in fumaric acid production.

The purpose of this work was to study the corrosion protection behavior of neutral water based rust remover on carbon steel. The reaction between rust remover and steel was explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). Tests revealed that the surface of low-carbon steel treated with neutral rust remover was relatively smoother and the rust was capable of reacting with rust remover by forming a Fe-O-P and Fe-O-C chelate film. Besides, the rust-removing samples with a larger impedance value showed a better corrosion resistance than the rusty samples. Corrosion resistances of the film were investigated in sodium chloride solution of different concentrations by using Tafel polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the film of carbon steel was highly susceptible to solution with chloride, which was characterized by the decreasing corrosion potential (Ecoor) of the samples and the increasing corrosion current density with the addition of chlorides. Meanwhile, the film formed during a 1-hour immersion time had a better corrosion resistance (a larger impedance value) than other samples, but other samples with different immersion times in the rust remover had no significant difference owing to the strong penetrating power of chloride ions.

The hydrophobic self-cleaning coating was prepared using methyltriethoxysilane,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexyltrichlorosilane (referred to as fluorosilane),KH-570 and fluorine-modified resin as the main raw materials.The effects of fluorosilane and fluorine-modified resin contents and film-forming temperature on the properties of coatings were investigated by the static contact angle test,infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that the water contact angle of self-made coatings was up to 124.69 ° when the fluorosilane,fluorine-modified resin and KH-570 amount was 6％,8％ and 2％,respectively and the film forming temperature was 150 ℃.No waste was generated in the preparation process.The process was simple and the cost was lower.

The synthesis and characterization of hydrochloride buffer were introduced.Effects of the mass fraction of hydrochloride buffer and temperature on the rust removing rate were investigated by experiments.Moreover,the pH value at different temperature was tested,and the functional mechanism of hydrochloride buffer was discussed.Results showed that adding small amounts of hydrochloride buffer to environment-friendly rust remover can obviously improve the rust removing rate,and will not damage metal matrix.

以二正辛胺、二硫化碳和环氧丙烷为原料,合成了二辛基二硫代氨基甲酸-2-羟基丙酯(CNS),CNS再与苯硼酸反应合成二(2-羟丙基-二辛基二硫代氨基甲基)苯硼酸酯(SNBA),通过FTIR和元素分析对合成的化合物进行了表征.对产物SNBA的水解稳定性和在全合成基础油聚α烯烃(PAO)中的油溶性进行了测试.采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了SNBA在PAO基础油中的极压性、抗磨性和减摩性能.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析了摩擦面的特性.结果表明:SNBA水解时间超过180 h,具有良好的水解稳定性;其添加量(以PAO基础油质量计,下同)不大于2.5％时,在PAO中完全溶解.SNBA添加量为2.5％时,最大无卡咬负荷(PB)达1100 N,比基础油增加了181％;磨斑直径(WSD)最小,达到0.48 mm,比基础油下降了30.4％;平均摩擦系数0.087,比基础油下降了21.6％.说明硫氮型苯硼酸酯在PAO中表现出良好的极压性能、抗磨性能和一定的减摩性能.摩擦面磨损显著下降,摩擦面形成了含S、N、B的复合保护层.

以硼铁精矿焙烧过程为研究对象,系统考察了温度、时间、焙烧气氛、添加剂等焙烧条件对硼铁精矿反应活性的影响,利用X射线衍射对硼铁精矿焙烧产物的物相组成进行了表征分析,并对反应机理进行了探讨.结果表明,调节焙烧温度、焙烧时间和使用添加剂可有效提高硼铁精矿的反应活性,焙烧气氛对硼铁精矿反应活性影响较小.适宜的工艺条件:焙烧温度为700℃、焙烧时间为2.0h,碳酸钙为添加剂,在此条件下硼铁精矿反应活性可提高到84％.本文研究结果为碳碱法提硼存在的硼铁精矿反应活性不高的问题提供了解决思路.

Two kinds of Mo/B oleic diethanolamide derivatives (coded as YXM and YXB) were synthesised, and their tribological properties were evaluated using a 4-ball machine. Results indicate that the 2 novel additives show excellent antiwear and extreme pressure properties. When 2.5wt% YXM was added into the base oil, the wear scar diameter was reduced by 42.2%, and the P-B value was increased by 170.4%; when 2.5wt% YXB was added into the base oil, the wear scar diameter was reduced by 23.1%, and the P-B value was increased by 167.1%. The worn surfaces of the lubricated GCr15 steel were analysed by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is indicated that the variation of tribofilm species produced by a chemical reaction between the additives and the steel surface plays an important role in inhibiting wear and friction. A model was used to analyse the action mechanism. According to the analysis, the tribofilm is composed of an adsorption layer and a reaction layer, and it could effectively protect the steel surfaces from direct contact.