在桃园开展林下大球盖菇轻简栽培,能有效改善桃林的土壤环境,提高桃林经营的整体效益.解析了场地选择、栽培季节、栽培料准备等技术要点,阐述了桃林大球盖菇栽培技术,可为大球盖菇产业发展提供技术参考.

为指导鄂北地区农民更好地种植小麦新品种,充分挖掘其增产潜力,提高经济效益,以郑麦9023为对照,连续2年考察了种植密度对新品种鄂麦580和漯麦6010的生物产量和子粒产量的影响程度.结果表明:在225万～375万/hm2的种植密度区间内,鄂麦580在开花期和收获期,密度对其单株生物产量无显著影响,而其子粒产量在300万/hm2的种植密度时达到最高;在该密度区间,郑麦9023和漯麦6010在对应时期的单株生物产量与种植密度呈负相关,而子粒产量无显著变化.本研究明确了鄂麦580和漯麦6010的适宜种植密度,为湖北省小麦高产创建工作提供依据,能有效指导小麦生产.

In the thesis,a GIF type biomimetic system with Cu2 +/ pyridine/peroxide was used to bleach sofwood kraft pulp.After biomimetic treatment,alkali extraction,and hydrogen peroxide bleaching, properties of the paper from each treatment stage were determined.The change of mannose content was al-so analyzed with HPLC in order to investigate the change of hemicellulose polysaccharide during biomimet-ic bleaching process.The results show that after the three stages treatment,the whiteness of the paper rose by 147%.However,tear index and folding enduence inceased at first and then decreased.The content of mannose decreased during biomimetic bleaching process in hemicellulose.

当培养条件、胚龄、胚发育期间的积温一致时,培养基就成为胚萌发和成苗的关键性影响因素.选用4种培养基(B5、B5+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/L NAA、1/2MS、1/2MS+0.1mg/LBAP+0.1mg/L NAA)培养3个小麦杂交组合F2与玉米杂交获得的单倍体胚,以比较不同培养基对单倍体胚的萌发和成苗的影响.结果显示,不同培养基单倍体胚的平均萌发率和平均成苗率存在极显著差异,胚萌发率表现为1/2MS(75.24％)＞1/2MS+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/L NAA(68.68％)＞B5+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/L NAA(67.00％)＞B5(66.67％);胚成苗率表现为:1/2MS(63.11％)＞B5(50.67％)＞B5+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/LNAA(4.00％)＞1/2MS+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/L NAA(3.30％).无激素的1/2MS上单倍体胚的平均萌发率(75.24％)和平均成苗率(63.11％)都最高,能稳定地一次成苗.不同杂交组合后代的单倍体胚的平均萌发率和平均成苗率也存在极显著差异.表明小麦基因型是影响单倍体胚萌发和成苗的重要因素,无激素的1/2MS最适合于小麦单倍体胚的萌发和一次成苗.

To explore a convenient,safe and efficient wheat haploid plantlets doubling method,three concentrations of colchicine(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%)and three processing durations(3h,4h,5h),with supplementary treatments of light or darkness,pumping into air or not,drilling tiller node or not,and root-soaking treatments were used in this study to investigate their effects on doubling of the haploid plantlets from wheat× maize.The results showed that 90% of doubling frequency was obtained under the treatment of root-soaking for 3~4hwith 0.2% Colchicine and 30mL·L-1 DMSO,in combination with pumping into air and no lights throughout the procedure.Darkness and continuous aeration in the whole process could improve both survival rate and doubling frequency,which was especially important when a high colchicine concentration with prolonged processing duration was applied.Tiller node drilling process somewhat hurted the treated plants and consequently reduced survival rate,while increased doubling frequency at low colchicine concentration with short processing duration;however,this treatment was not useful for time-prolonged treatments using either low or high concentrations of colchicine.

This paper concentrates on the numerical solution of the exterior trajectory of grenades.We consider the model with six degrees of freedom,which is an initial value problem of an ordinary differential system with twelve variables.Due to the high oscillating property of the equations,only very small time steps must be used when the explicit Runge-Kutta methods are applied,which leads to an unsatisfying efficiency.In this paper,we use the skill of asymptotic expansion to obtain the analytical expressions of the approximate solutions of two variables.Thus the oscillations in the solutions are significantly reduced,and the time step can be enlarged intrinsically.Numerical examples show that the efficiency is effectively enhanced by this method.

Eucommia ulmoides gum was extracted by high-temperature cooking combined with solvent extraction method from Eucommia ulmoides leaves.And the extraction conditions were optimized by single factor experiment. The results showed that, firstly,the cellulose and lignin substances of leaves were decomposed by cooking for 4 h at 150 ℃ adding 9% of sodium hydroxide, then the extraction by ethanol and petroleum ether were conducted in sequence.The extraction rate of Eucommia ulmoides gum was 2.96% and its purity was 86.61%.This method can reduce the consumption of solvent and the pollution of environment.

With latest rules and analysis software,the hydrodynamic analysis and strength assessment have been carried out for Ultra-mlarge semi - msubmersible crane and pipelaying vessel which provide important basis for structure design of the vessel.At the same time,the analysis method and procedure of the structure design for ultra-mlarge semi-msubmersible crane and pipelaying vessels are illustrated and summarized.

The flocculation of phenyllactic acid fermentation broth was studied.The flocculation effect of seven kinds of flocculants on phenyllactic acid fermentation broth was studied and the flocculation experiments were carried out by single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments,based on the flocculation ratio and the recovery ratio of phenyllactic acid.Al2 ( SO4 ) 3 was proven to be optimal among the seven flocculants,whose best flocculation conditions were determined as follows: pH3.0,temperature 30℃,8g /L flocculant addition,vibration speed 100r/min and vibration time 35min.The results showed that under these conditions,the flocculation ratio reached 60.88% and phenyllactic acid recovery ratio reached 88.13%.

Previously,we reported the dual bio-activities of a novel snake venom peptide(BIP) on isolated guinea pig ileum(GPI) and rat stomach fundus.It observably inhibits bradykinin's contractivity on GPI,but potentiates the bradykinin-induced contractivity on rat stomach fundus.To explore what the difference is between BIP and other bradykinin potentiating peptides,its conformation was studied by 2D NMR spectroscopy in water.RMSD and Ramachandran plot were analyzed.Results show that,the peptide bonds in Pro2,Pro3,Pro6 and Pro10 are all in trans conformations;the whole structure of BIP forms a "double-S" like conformation;N-terminal has a nascent helix(Pro2Pro3Ala4);C-terminal has an invariant type II β-turn(Asp7Val8Gly9Pro10) which is critical for binding with B2 receptor.According to the same structures of HOE140 and other bradykinin antagonists at C-terminal,the C-terminal highly invariant β-turn structure shows the BIP properties;the N-terminal nascent helix may be related to bradykinin-potentiating peptides' properties.

Hydrolysis effect of alkaline protease and carotid by single and compound on corn protein was studied. Compared with hydrolysis effect of carotid, the alkaline protease degreed of hydrolysis increased 7.72 %, while the two-step enzymatic degreed of hydrolysis increased 20.15 %. The two-step enzymatic hydrolyzing corn protein was better than the single.

The transglutaminase(TGase) was added in the silver carp surimi to improve the quality.The effect of TGase concentration,handing time,handing temperature and pH on white degrees,hardness,springiness,cohesiveness and solubility was researched.The result showed that the addition of TGase at different concentrations could improve the hardness,springiness,cohesiveness of silver cap surimi gels distinctly without obvious effect on color and whiteness.The appropriate adding condition of TGase confirmed by orthogonal test was transglutaminase concentration 0.3%,handing time 60min,temperature 40℃ and pH7.5.SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and solubility analyses indicated that myosin heavy chain(MHC) of silver carp surimi gels could form covalent cross-linking under the catalysis of TGase added.

Cordyceps gunnii is one of the most potential epiphyte-resources in medicine due to various bioactive compounds. In this paper, extraction of total flavonoids in Cordyceps gunnii was investigated by microwave , ultrasonic and tradition methods. The most optimum method and condition was selected using orthogonal design. An amount of total flavonoids was determined using Aluminium salt UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The most optimum condition of extraction from the results of orthogonal design for an amount of total flavonoids in Cordyceps gunnii included: (1) extraction of microwave was ratio of material and 90 % ethanol liquor(1:25), power (160 W) and time (1.5 min);(2)extraction of ultrasonic was 85 % ethanol,ratio of material and ethanol liquor (1:30), temperature(80 °C)in water bath for 10 min and repeated once; (3) extraction of tradition was 85 % ethanol, ratio of material and ethanol liquor (1:20), temperature (65 °C) in water bath , time (120 min) and repeated two times. The highest ratio of total flavonoids extraction using three methods was significantly difference (P<0.05), which was 2.99 % (microwave method), 6.56 % (ultrasonic method) and 3.94 %(traditional method), respectively.

This paper summarizes the structure and physiological functions of the flavonoids and its application in food sciences,prospects its development and utilization in function food and provides the basic basis for deeply investigating the relationship between the flavonoids and physiological function.