Sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by concurrent muscle loss and excessive adiposity, lacks effective interventions. This study investigated the enhanced effects of the selenomethionine (Se-Met) and magnolol (Mag) combination against SO using an integrated computational-experimental approach. Network pharmacology and molecular docking predicted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 - glutathione peroxidase 4 (Nrf2 - GPX4) axis as core targets, which was corroborated by single-cell transcriptomic data analysis showing their co-expression in muscle progenitor cells. In high-fat diet ‌(HFD)-fed mice, the combined Se-Met and Mag treatment ameliorated metabolic dysregulation, reduced intramuscular lipid deposition, and improved muscle function more effectively than monotherapies. In C2C12 myotubes, the combination co-activated PPARγ to enhance lipid clearance and potentiated the Nrf2-GPX4 antioxidant axis. Notably, it modulated ferroptosis-related signaling by downregulating acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and upregulating ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an effect abolished by Nrf2 inhibition. Pharmacological inhibition of either PPARγ or Nrf2 reversed the protective benefits. Our findings reveal that Se-Met and Mag in combination target PPARγ and Nrf2-GPX4 pathways while regulating ferroptosis-related signaling to alleviate ferroptosis-associated markers, with phenotypic characteristics consistent with ferroptosis inhibition, thereby offering a novel nutraceutical strategy for SO.

This study aimed to utilize aged laying hens as a model to investigate the effects of naringin on the occurrence and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), along with its underlying regulatory mechanisms. A total of 288 aged laying hens, 50-week-old, were divided into four groups: a normal diet (ND) group, and three naringin groups receiving 200 mg/kg (N1), 400 mg/kg (N2), and 600 mg/kg (N3). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, after which serum, liver, and cecal contents were collected from the hens. Results indicated that dietary naringin supplementation reduced hepatic lipid deposition, lowered blood lipid levels, improved antioxidant capacity, and promoted estradiol secretion. Additionally, 16S rDNA analysis revealed that naringin enhanced microbial diversity in the cecum and regulated the abundance of gut microbes associated with fatty liver. Untargeted metabolomics of blood demonstrated that naringin decreased the concentration of glycerophospholipid and sterol lipid metabolites while increasing levels of pantothenic acids and amino acid metabolites. Furthermore, liver transcriptome analysis indicated that naringin interfered with fatty acid synthesis and transport processes while enhancing fatty acid oxidation. Dietary naringin supplementation can mitigate the occurrence of MAFLD by regulating the gut-liver axis and estrogen signaling, particularly in postmenopausal women.

IntroductionSelenium is an essential micronutrient the human body requires, which is closely linked to health. Rice, a primary staple food globally, is a major source of human selenium intake. To develop selenium-enriched rice varieties, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms behind selenium’s absorption and transport within rice, alongside identifying the key genes involved in selenium uptake, transport, and transformation within the plant.MethodsThis study conducted transcriptome sequencing on four types of rice materials (two with low-selenium and two with high-selenium contents) across roots, stems, leaves, and panicles to analyze the gene expression differences.Results and discussionDifferential gene expression was observed in the various tissues, identifying 5,815, 6,169, 7,609, and 10,223 distinct genes in roots, stems, leaves, and panicles, respectively. To delve into these differentially expressed genes and identify the hub genes linked to selenium contents, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Ultimately, 10, 8, 7, and 6 hub genes in the roots, stems, leaves, and panicles, respectively, were identified. The identification of these hub genes substantially aids in advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in selenium absorption and transport during the growth of rice.

Recent studies have demonstrated that selenium (Se) reduces the accumulation of heavy metals in rice tissues. However, the interaction between Se and mercury (Hg) in rice genotypes with high Se content remains to be further investigated. In this study, we used high Se genotypes Z2057B and Z5097B and low Se genotype Yuenong to explore the dynamics of Se and Hg in various tissues. The results showed that high Se genotypes, coupled with low concentrations of exogenously applied Se, significantly reduced the uptake of Hg in rice plants. The findings indicated the following order of Hg accumulation: Roots> third leaf > second leaf > first leaf > stem > grains. Observations revealed that both high Se genotypes and Se supplementation significantly restricted the majority of Hg concentration in roots and minimized its translocation to the aerial parts of the rice plant. In high Se genotypes subjected to mercury stress, MDA accumulation was significantly reduced, and SOD antioxidant activity was enhanced in stem and leaves at jointing, booting, heading, and maturity stages as compared to low Se genotypes. The application of 1.0mg of Se per kg soil significantly improved the agronomic and physiological characteristics, reduced the Hg contents in aerial parts, and increased the Se contents in polished rice grains. Hence, the results lead to the conclusion that (i) cultivating high Se rice genotypes is a viable approach to decrease the Hg accumulation in rice grains and serves as a crucial strategy to fulfill daily Se requirements, particularly for populations suffering from Se deficiency (ii) supplementing ordinary rice with 1-3mgkg-1 of Se can effectively reduce Hg accumulation and improve the quality of the grains.

Rice is among the world's top three food crops and is a staple food for more than half of the world's population. The body cannot directly synthesize selenium, and its deficiency causes different diseases, so consuming selenium-rich rice can supplement the body's selenium requirements. People are paying more attention to food health, and selenium-rich rice is gradually becoming part of people's vision. In this experiment, selenium-rich microcapsules were prepared using selenoproteins extracted from selenium-rich brown rice. These selenoprotein microcapsules demonstrated higher reducing and free radical scavenging ability than bovine serum albumin. In vitro experiments, selenoproteins microcapsules demonstrated 0.93% reducing capacity, 95% DPPH free radical ability, and 58% hydroxyl scavenging ability. Different selenoprotein microcapsules and sodium selenite doses were used to investigate their impact on D-galactose-injected aging mice. Selenoprotein microcapsules helped maintain body weight and alleviated the abnormally elevated organ coefficients. At the same time, a high dose of sodium selenite caused selenosis, organ congestion, edema, and hypertrophic hyperplasia. It was observed that 60 mu g kg- 1 selenoproteins had a good repairing impact on oxidative damage in the liver and kidneys, improved T-AOC, SOD, and GPx activity, and reduced MDA contents in all organs. In comparison, 100 mu g kg- 1 selenoproteins led to selenosis, and 30 mu g kg- 1 was less effective and insufficient in relieving aging effects in mice. The results showed that the proper selenium intake relieves oxidative and biological stress. The study provides basic information about selenoproteins microcapsule preparation from selenium-enriched rice and its application in the health care system.

Countries face exasperating and inclement climate worldwide. Food and feed security could be their paramount life objective. The study aimed to investigate the impact of selenium on the protein content and distribution in different parts of rice. For this purpose, advanced selenium biofortified breeding material developed after generations of breeding efforts was investigated at the field area, rice research institute, Chengdu, China during cropping season 2021-22. The accumulation and distribution of selenium and protein contents were observed in various fractions of selenium-enriched rice (Z3057B) and positive control (727). The correlation studies for selenium and protein quantification leads to the optimization of the breeding material and relevance in virtue. The rice fractions indicated rice embryo retains highest selenium contents, which gradually decreases in succession (other rice parts). The difference in protein content between the embryo and endosperm of Se-enriched rice is significant, while that between embryo and aleurone layer is not obvious. The selenium protein was found with molecular weight of 13.6-122.6 kDa. The protein of each molecular weight is found to bind with selenium, but the binding strength of selenium is negatively correlated with the molecular weight of protein. The 67.5% of the total selenium sticks with protein having molecular weight less than 38.8 kDa. In summary, protein with low molecular weight (13.4 kDa) binds maximum selenium and accounts for highest total protein content (40.76%).

Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal for crops in China, poses a significant threat to rice cultivation. It is crucial to identify the genotypes with robust resistance to heavy metals, including Cd, in rice. The experiment was conducted to examine the mitigation effect of silicon (Si) on Cd toxicity levels in Se-enriched Z3055B and non-Se-enriched G46B rice genotypes. A basal dose of Si improved the growth and the quality of rice significantly by reducing the Cd content in rice roots, stems, leaves and grains and increased the yield, biomass and selenium (Se) content of brown rice in both genotypes. Additionally, Se content in brown rice and polished rice was notably higher in Se-enriched rice than in non-Se-enriched rice, with the highest amount at 0.129 mg/kg and 0.085 mg/kg, respectively. The results demonstrated that a basal fertilizer concentration of 30 mg/kg of Si was more effective in reducing Cd transport from roots to shoots in Se-enriched rice than in non-Se-enriched rice genotypes. Therefore, it can be concluded that Se-enriched rice genotypes are a viable option for food crop production in Cd-contaminated areas.

以富硒水稻酿酒产生的含硒酒糟为原料,采用单因素正交试验设计,探究超声辅助碱法对酒糟硒蛋白提取工艺条件的优化.结果表明:酿酒前后,含硒酒糟的蛋白质含量相较于原料提高了4.09％,总硒含量下降0.005 mg/kg,有机硒含量占比由73.47％降低至52.27％.含硒酒糟硒蛋白碱溶酸沉的最佳等电点为4.0,通过单因素正交试验得出含硒酒糟硒蛋白超声辅助碱法的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间40 min、碱液浓度0.12 mol/L、提取时间3 h、料液比1:9,在此条件下,硒蛋白的提取率达到最大值为54.26％,并且硒蛋白的硒含量为(0.075±0.0036)mg/kg.

The proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of granulosa cells (GCs) are essential for ovarian follicle growth and ovulation, which are necessary to support the normal function of the follicle. Numerous studies suggest that miRNAs play key roles in this process. In this study, we report a novel role for miR-10a-5p that inhibits ovarian GCs proliferation and progesterone (P4) synthesis in chicken. Specifically, we found that miR-10a-5p significantly decreased the P4 secretion by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot. Moreover, we observed that miR-10a-5p can inhibit the proliferation of chicken GCs through the investigation of cell proliferation gene expression, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), cell cycle progression, and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Then we screened a target gene MAPRE1 of miR-10a-5p, which can promote P4 synthesis and proliferation of GCs. To explore how miR-10a-5p affects cell cycle by MAPRE1, we investigated the interaction between MAPRE1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) by Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and then we found that MAPRE1 can form a complex with CDK2. In addition, miR-10a-5p was found to inhibit CDK2 expression by repressing the expression of MAPRE1. Overall, our results indicate that miR-10a-5p regulates the proliferation and P4 synthesis of chicken GCs by targeting MAPRE1 to suppress CDK2.

Предлагаемый сборник научных материалов составлен на основе представленных докладов, выступлений участников Международной научно-практической конференции «Селекция

Cadmium (Cd) is an element injurious for human health and is possibly toxic to organisms at minor concentrations. While some of other trace metallic elements have antagonistic features to it. One of them is the interaction between selenium (Se) and Cd in plant different organs. Literature review disclosed that the intake of Se to some extent can reduce the accumulation of Cd in plants, while the research on of trace metallic elements (Cd) and Se-enriched food (rice) in the living body has rarely been reported. This study intended to explore whether there was a mitigating effect of Se-enriched rice on mice poisoned with Cd. A mouse model of low-dose and high-dose Cd poisoning was established (supplemented with cadmium chloride(CdCl2·2½H20)), followed by feeding two groups (1) Se-enriched rice and (2) setting an equal amount of inorganic Se group. After that, the impact of Se-enriched rice on the antioxidant activity was evaluated. The Se-enriched diet enhanced the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and enzyme activities of GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice livers and kidney whereas significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Moreover, the degree of physiological damage in mice with low cadmium poisoning was significantly alleviated, and the expression of antioxidant genes (Nrf-2, GPX1, TrxR2, TNF-2) was increased. In conclusion, the Se-enriched diet has a positive effect on the biological effects in mice, and it can be used as a daily diet to resist damage to the body's low Cd state and support enzymatic antioxidant systems by eliminating oxidative injury.

Common walnutJuglans regiaL. suffered devastating damage from the white-striped longhorn beetleBatocera horsfieldi(Hope) in southwest China, which resulted in a dramatic decrease of local walnut production. However, the control of this wood-boring pest with traditional methods is difficult as a result of its cryptic feeding habit. We proposed that developing host-plant resistance is a more effective way of controlling this insect with long-term benefits. One way of improving host-plant resistance is to identify plant traits related to host-plant preference of targeted insects. In the present study, we investigated the differences in feeding and oviposition preferences ofB. horsfieldion fourJ. regiacultivars in the field and tested whether such preferences are associated with structural and chemical traits in plant branches. The results obtained showed that the host-plant resistance ofJ. regiacultivars toB. horsfieldiwas related to increased wood density, higher amounts of cellulose and lignin, and higher contents of tannins, total flavonoids and total phenolics, whereas the susceptible cultivars were characterized by thicker bark, higher contents of water, sugar and soluble protein. The identified traits involved in host-plant preference can subsequently contribute to the selection and breeding of resistantJ. regiacultivars toB. horsfieldi.

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient and important component of oxidase which protects cell membranes, eliminate the role of free radicals in the human body. Se is necessary for low Se rice genotypes and Se deficient areas. Zinc (Zn) is a micro-battalion that affects the growth, development, aging, drought resistance, disease resistance, and many other aspects for rice. The effects of Se and Zn fertilization on Se and Zn concentrations were evaluated including the response of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzymes activity, and grain yield under single Se, Zn, and combined Se-Zn application using R725 rice variety in pot experiment with 8 treatments (0, Zn5, Zn10, Zn15, Se1, Zn5 + Se1, Zn10 + Se1, and Zn15 + Se1) mg/kg of soil and three replications. Moreover, germination% and seedling growth of resulted seeds from this experiment were evaluated for the agronomical benefit of farmers. The results revealed that Se and Zn had a cumulative effect on each other, but more Se increase was activated than Zn under the combined Se-Zn application. Zinc application had the small effect on Zn concentration in the different fractions but the positive effect on carotenoids and the yield (both applied alone and in combination with Se). Single Se application resulted in a positive effect on Zn accumulation in grain and husk with the high effectiveness of Se accumulation and loss during processing. Combined Se-Zn application had positive effect on carotenoids, CAT, grain yield, and total dry matter. Moreover, single Zn and combined Se-Zn application had a positive effect on germination% and seedling growth. Agronomic biofortification with combined Se-Zn supply provided both agronomic and nutritional benefits for rice in the current pot trail. However, as Se preferably accumulated in the edible part as compared to Zn, 1 mg Se/kg fertilization was unsafe for edible purposes according to the national standard of China (0.04–0.3 mg/kg) but could be recommended as medicine.

Ageing is an irreversible phenomenon and the processes which can delay it are under consideration for a long time by the scientific community. Selenium is an important candidate for it, but the impact of selenoprotein on nutritional changes and ageing has not been reported well. In this regard, antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging effect of selenoproteins extracted from selenium-rich rice were studied. Mice were administered a subcutaneous abdominal injection of D-galactose to induce the ageing model and fed with different selenoprotein dosage diet. Deviations among biochemical activities (total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)) in liver and serum of the mice were assessed. The degree of liver injury, antioxidant genes and protein relative expression were estimated. The protein content, selenium content, hydroxyl scavenging and DPPH radicals were accessed in selenoprotein components. The selenoprotein constituent had protein and selenium contents in different components as water-soluble proteins > alkali-soluble proteins > salt-soluble proteins > ethanol-soluble proteins. The enzymatic activity (total antioxidant capacity, GSH-Px and SOD) in liver and serum of mice was significantly enhanced in selenoprotein diet groups. D-Galactose-induced liver injury was significantly reduced by selenoprotein diet of 25 μg/(kg day). Real-time qPCR and Western blot disclosed the enhanced relative expression of antioxidant genes (SOD2, GPX1, TrxR2 and Nrf2) and HO-1 protein in the positive control (Vc) and selenoprotein diet groups. In conclusion, selenoprotein treatment was found to have a positive influence on liver hepatocytes and biochemical features in mice. It might be used as a potential diet in scavenging oxidative injury and supporting enzymatic antioxidant system.

Selenium (Se) is a vital element which leads to strong antioxidation in animals and humans. However, the mechanism underlying natural cereal Se–induced biological changes is not well understood. This study intended to explore the gene differential expression in naturally aged mice exposed to selenium by RNA-Seq technique. A total spectrum of 53 differentially expressed genes was quantified in mice heart tissues treated with Se-rich and general rice. The GO functional annotation of differentially expressed genes disclosed the enrichment of cellular process, ionic binding, biological regulation, and catalytic activity. One hundred twenty-three differential pathways (cardiovascular diseases, immune system, transport and catabolism, longevity regulating, and PI3K-AKT signaling) were identified according to KEGG metabolic terms. Afterwards, the effect of Se-rich rice on the antioxidant activity was assessed. The selenium-rich diet increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice serum and livers while significantly reduces methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) contents. FOXO1 and FOXO3 genes, which acted as the regulators of apoptosis and the antioxidant enzyme, were significantly enhanced in mice when fed with Se-rich rice. In short, the present findings disclosed the alluring insights of organic and inorganic selenium sources on certain biological processes and antioxidant activity of living bodies. However, long-term trials are still required to draw a definitive conclusion, including risks and benefit analysis for various management strategies.

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known metal imposing threats to human health, and it can be accumulated in polished rice over the permitted range of 0.2 mg kg(-1) (GB 2762-2017). It has been reported that selenium (Se) application decreases Cd uptake. Se-rich diets have gained attention recently, but the potential of Se-rich rice in mitigating Cd stress needs further investigation. In this study, a pot experiment in the field was conducted to assess the influence of environmental factors and exogenous split application of Se on the nutritional status of rice under Cd stress. The results indicated that the increased fertilizer treatment in soil bulk linearly increased the metal content in rice grains. Approximately 50-70% of metal was recovered in rice tissues, while 5-20% of the metal that was applied leached down into the soil. A Se concentration of 0.4 mg kg(-1) could significantly improve the total Se content in grain and mitigate Cd toxicity (1 mg kg(-1)) below the permitted range. Panicles and roots were more active for total Se accumulation in Se-rich and non-Se-rich rice, respectively. Polishing and milling operations can significantly reduce the Cd content, as rice bran in rice tissues accumulated most of the metal's residues. The late matured rice cultivars consumed more heat units, and more metal contents were found in them. Collectively, it was found that Se can mitigate Cd toxicity, but the rice cultivation at T-2 (high Cd; 2 mg kg(-1) and Se; 1 mg kg(-1)) increased the metal uptake capability and health-risk index in polished rice, with its Se content heightened over permitted range of 0.04 to 0.30 mg kg(-1) (GB/T 22499-2008). However, further molecular studies are required, in order to completely access the inverted Se accumulation behavior in rice tissues at high Cd soil stress.

Background:The element selenium (Se) deficiency is thought to be a global human health problem, which could disperse by daily-supplement from Se-rich food. Increasing the accumulation of Se in rice grain is an approach matched to these nutrient demands. Nonetheless, Se is shown to be essential but also toxic to plants, with a narrow margin between deficiency and toxicity. Notably, the regulatory mechanism balancing the accumulation and tolerance of Se in Se-rich rice plants remains unknown. Results:In this study, we investigated the phenotypical, physiological, and biochemical alterations of Se-rich rice in the exposure to a variety of Se applications. Results showed that the Se-rich rice was able to accumulate more abundance of Se from the root under a low Se environment comparing to the Se-free rice. Besides, excessive Se led to phytotoxic effects on Se-rich rice plants by inducing chlorosis and dwarfness, decreasing the contents of antioxidant, and exacerbating oxidative stresses. Furthermore, both phosphate transporter OsPT2 and sulfate transporters OsSultr1;2 may contribute to the uptake of selenate in rice. Conclusions:Se-rich red rice is more sensitive to exogenous application of Se, while and the most effective application of Se in roots of Se-rich rice was reached in 20μM. Our findings present a direct way to evaluate the toxic effects of Se-rich rice in the Se contaminated field. Conclusively, some long-term field trial strategies are suggested to be included in the evaluation of risks and benefits within various field managements.

This work was designated to scrutinize the protein differential expression in natural selenium-enriched and non-selenium-enriched rice using the Isobaric-tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomics approach. The extracted proteins were subjected to enzyme digestion, desalting, and identified by iTRAQ coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology. High pH C18 separation analysis was performed, and the data were then analyzed by Protein PilotTM (V4.5) search engine. Protein differential expression was searched out by comparing relatively quantified proteins. The analysis was conducted using gene ontology (GO), cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways. A total of 3235 proteins were detected and 3161 proteins were quantified, of which 401 were differential proteins. 208 down-regulated and 193 up-regulated proteins were unveiled. 77 targeted significant differentially expressed proteins were screened out for further analysis, and were classified into 10 categories: oxidoreductases, transferases, isomerases, heat shock proteins, lyases, hydrolases, ligases, synthetases, tubulin, and actin. The results indicated that the anti-stress, anti-oxidation, active oxygen metabolism, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism of natural selenium-enriched rice was higher than that of non-selenium rice. The activation of the starch synthesis pathway was found to be bounteous in non-selenium-enriched rice. Cysteine synthase (CYS) and methyltransferase (metE) might be the two key proteins that cause amino acid differences. OsAPx02, CatC, riPHGPX, HSP70 and HSP90 might be the key enzymes regulating antioxidant and anti-stress effect differences in two types of rice. This study provides basic information about deviations in protein mechanism and secondary metabolites in selenium-enriched and non-selenium-enriched rice.

为解析不同基因型水稻次生代谢差异成因及其富硒品质形成的蛋白质机制提供参考.采用同位素标记相对和绝对定量(iTRAQ)技术对天然富硒与非富硒水稻进行定量蛋白质组学研究,探讨两种基因型水稻蛋白质组表达水平的差异.结果 共鉴定到定量蛋白质有3 161个,差异蛋白为401个,其中上调差异蛋白193个,下调蛋白208个,生物信息学分析得出77个目标差异蛋白,主要分成10类:氧化还原酶、转移酶、异构酶、热休克蛋白、裂解酶、水解酶、连接酶、合成酶、微管蛋白、肌动蛋白.分析表明天然富硒水稻的抗应激、抗氧化、活性氧代谢、碳水化合物和氨基酸代谢较非富硒水稻强,但参与淀粉合成途径作用较非富硒水稻弱.CYS和metE可能是导致两种类型水稻氨基酸差异的2种关键蛋白,OsAPx02、CatC、riPHGPX、HSP70和HSP90可能是调节两种类型水稻抗氧化和抗应激作用的蛋白基因.

Spermine synthase (SPMS), which converts spermidine into spermine, is essential for normal cell growth and development processes in humans and other mammals, but the molecular characterization and expression profiling of the SPMS gene remain undetermined in goose tissues and ovarian follicles. In this study, the SPMS cDNA sequence of the Sichuan white goose was cloned and analysed, and SPMS mRNA expression was profiled in various tissues and ovarian follicles. The results showed that the open reading frame of the SPMS cDNA sequence was 1092 bp in length, encoding 363 amino acids with a molecular weight of 41 kDa. Among all the examined tissues, SPMS expression was highest in the spleen and cerebrum and lowest in the breast and thigh muscles. SPMS expression in the F1 follicle was significantly higher than that in the POF (except for POF2) (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that SPMS might play an important role in follicular development and ovulation.