Three taxa of R. rugosa (Chinese Group), three taxa of R. centifolia, and one R. × damascena (Worldwide Group) were used to detect their volatile organic compound (VOC) contents using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 146 VOCs were detected, including 73 terpenoids, 18 phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, 50 fatty acid derivatives, and 5 other compounds. The contents of terpenoids were increasing with flower development, while the contents of fatty acid derivatives were decreasing. Heatmap cluster analysis (HCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that seven roses can be divided into Chinese and Worldwide groups, and α-farnesene, 9-nonadecene, 3-methyl-2-(2-methyl-2-butenyl)-furan, heptadecane, methyleugenol, β-myrcene, α-pinene, propanoic acid, 2-methyl-,1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl ester, pentadecane, and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate were the marker compounds for two groups. Sensory and incense tone compound evaluation showed that the aromas were mainly composed of floral, rosy, and sweet notes. However, the aroma of seven roses had a stronger spicy, woody, and citrus note in buds (S3) or full-blooming flower stages (S5), which were mainly caused by high contents of methyleugenol, β-myrcene, and β-pinene. In this study, the VOC profile and aromatic characteristics of oil-bearing roses were systematically compared between Chinese and Worldwide genotypes using metabolic pathway analysis and aroma evaluation, providing a more comprehensive reference for fragrant rose breeding.

Background Continuous cropping obstacles in cut chrysanthemum, which are characterized by soil nutrient imbalance, reduced enzyme activities, and disrupted rhizosphere microbial communities, restrict the development of its industry. This study investigated the regulatory effects of crop rotation on soil properties and microbial communities, and compared the mitigation efficiency of different rotation patterns.Results At 60 days of growth, cut chrysanthemums under crop rotation systems exhibited significant increases in stem diameter, as well as fresh and dry weights of both aboveground and underground biomass, compared to continuous cropping. Rotation significantly increased soil total nitrogen, hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available phosphorus, with cabbage rotation exhibiting the most prominent phosphorus accumulation effect. The activities of soil catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase were higher in rotation groups, whereas the activity of urease decreased with successive planting cycles. Bacterial richness increased with planting cycles, while fungal diversity declined. Notably, rotation reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic Fusarium by 17.1-28.1%. Multivariate analyses indicated that soil nitrogen and phosphorus were closely correlated with bacterial community structure, while phosphorus was the most influential factor on fungal communities. Critically, the two crop rotation systems exhibited distinct mechanisms: maize primarily exerts regulatory effects on soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities, while cabbage focuses on optimizing soil nutrient element status.Conclusion Crop rotation with maize or cabbage alleviates continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil nutrient status, enhancing enzyme activities, and optimizing rhizosphere microbial communities. Maize rotation excels in regulating soil enzyme activities and bacterial communities, whereas cabbage rotation is more effective in promoting plant biomass during the vegetative growth stage, accumulating soil phosphorus, and inhibiting pathogenic fungi. This study provides a theoretical basis for sustainable cut chrysanthemum production via rotation management strategies designed to enhance soil microbial and physicochemical properties.

BackgroundChrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is a globally important ornamental and economic crop that is susceptible to cold stress, which can present challenges for its large-scale cultivation. Plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding (PLATZ) transcription factors are key regulators of plant perception and response to cold and other abiotic stresses; however, the role of these factors in the cold tolerance of chrysanthemum remains unclear.ResultsIn this study, we identified 41 CmPLATZ genes through a genome-wide analysis. We systematically investigated the structural features, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, promoter cis-acting elements, and cold-responsive transcriptional profiles of these genes. Additionally, the tissue-specific expression and cold-inducible patterns of key members were analyzed in 11 chrysanthemum accessions with divergent cold tolerance. The 41 CmPLATZ genes were distributed across 21 chromosomes and clustered into six groups. The expansion of CmPLATZ was primarily driven by whole-genome duplication (WGD) events. Ka/Ks analysis indicated that the duplicated genes have been subjected to purifying selection, which resulted in limited functional divergence. Synteny analysis revealed that the evolutionary relationships of CmPLATZ genes are more complex than those of PLATZ gene families in the related species C. makinoi and C. seticuspe. Based on the analysis of promoter elements and transcriptome profiling, we observed that multiple CmPLATZ members respond to low-temperature stress and we identified CmPLATZ1a and CmPLATZ4a as key candidate regulators. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed the nuclear localization of these proteins, and heterologous functional validation demonstrated that overexpression of CmPLATZ1a in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced cold tolerance, suggesting the potential involvement of this gene in regulating conserved cold-response pathways.ConclusionsThis study provides the first genome-wide characterization of the CmPLATZ family, offering new insights into the cold-response regulatory network of chrysanthemum, and providing a theoretical basis and candidate gene resources for the extension of the cultivation range.

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play an essential role in plant growth under various abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 23 RcLEA genes in Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’ and subsequently grouped them into eight clades according to phylogenetic relationships and conserved domain features by bioinformatics methods. And conserved protein motifs and gene structure are also analyzed. The cis-regulatory elements of RcLEA promoter are enriched with cis-regulatory elements relevant to abiotic stress adaptation. Comparative transcriptomics between two species revealed tissue-specific and cold-induced expression differences, highlighting distinct functional roles of LEA genes in growth and abiotic stress tolerance between Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’ and Rosa beggeriana. Furthermore, Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR validation confirmed divergent cold-responsive expression profiles of LEA genes in R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’ compared with the highly cold-tolerant R. beggeriana in four LEA homologous genes. These findings indicated that LEA acts as a cold-response gene in roses and provide foundation to breed cold-tolerant varieties of roses.

Low temperatures can significantly affect the growth of ornamental plants, emphasizing the importance of improving their cold tolerance. However, comparative studies on the photosynthetic responses of sun and shade plants to low temperatures remain limited. In this study, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence in Photosystem II (PSII) and Photosystem I (PSI), the antioxidant system, the osmoregulator substance, and lipid peroxidation were investigated in the shade plant Helleborus viridis (Hv) and the sun plant Lupinus polyphyllus (Lp) during cold acclimation (CA) and the freezing-thaw recovery (FTR). The CA treatment significantly declined the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) in Hv and Lp, indicating the photoinhibition occurred in both species. However, Hv exhibited a much better photosynthetic stability to maintain Pn, Fv/Fm, and carboxylation efficiency (CE) than Lp during CA, suggesting that Hv had a greater photosynthetic resilience compared to Lp. Furthermore, Hv preferred to maintain Pn, Fv/Fm, the actual photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (Y(II)), and the actual photosynthetic efficiency of PSI (Y(I)) to consistently provide the necessary energy for the carbon assimilation process, while Lp tended to divert and dissipate excess energy by thermal dissipation and cyclic electron flow during CA. Moreover, there were higher soluble sugar contents in Hv in comparison to Lp. These traits allowed Hv to recover photosynthetic efficiency and maintain cellular integrity better than Lp after the freezing stress. In conclusion, CA significantly reduced the photosynthetic capacity and led to the divergent photosynthetic strategies of both species, which finally resulted in a different freezing tolerance after the freezing-thaw recovery. These findings provide insights into the divergent photoprotective strategies of sun and shade plants in response to cold temperatures.

Roses are one of the most important flowers applied to landscape, cut flowers, fragrance and food industries widely. As an effective method for plant reproduction, the regeneration via somatic embryos is the most promising method for breed improvement and genetic transformation of woody plants. However, lower somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction rates and genotypic constraints impede progress in genetic transformation in rose. This study describes a plant regeneration system for the famous red cut flower cultivar Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’. The stems without petioles cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 0.05 mg·L−1 a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 30 g·L−1 sucrose showed the maximum proliferation coefficient of shoots with 3.41 for the micropropagation system. We evaluated the effects of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the induction, proliferation and conversion of somatic embryos. The induction rate of calli reached 100% on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 g·L−1 NAA and 30 g·L−1 glucose. The highest induction rate of somatic embryos achieved a frequency of 13.33% on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg·L−1 zeatin (ZT), 0.1 mg·L−1 NAA and 30 g·L−1 glucose. The most suitable carbohydrate with 60 g·L−1 glucose resulted in a proliferation rate of somatic embryos (4.02) on MS medium containing 1.5 mg·L−1 ZT, 0.2 mg·L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg·L−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). The highest somatic embryos germination rate (43.33%) was obtained from the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-BA, 0.01 mg·L−1 IBA and 30 g·L−1 glucose. Finally, the germinated somatic embryos successfully rooted on 1/2 MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA, 30 g·L−1 sucrose, and the vigorous plantlets were obtained after hardening-off culture. This study provided a stable and efficient protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryos in R. hybrida ‘Carola’, which will be beneficial to the further theoretical study and genetic improvement in roses.

Aerides rosea (Orchidaceae) boasts high ornamental value due to its pleasant aroma, foxtail spike, and elegant floral morphology. Inducing A. rosea to become tetraploid enhances horticultural traits and facilitates fertile intergeneric hybrids through crosses with other market-available tetraploid species. The experimental design involved the application of colchicine at varying concentrations—0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%—to a solid medium. Exposure durations were 5, 10, and 15 days, with treatments conducted under sterile conditions on 6-week-old protocorms post-germination. Results indicated that the protocorms were sensitive to colchicine concentrations exceeding 0.05%, with high concentrations leading to a mortality rate exceeding 50%. Flow cytometry (FCM) with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining confirmed a doubling of chromosome numbers in tetraploid plants (2n = 4x = 76) compared to diploid controls (2n = 2x = 38). Induction efficiency was significantly influenced by colchicine concentration and treatment duration. A 10-day treatment with 0.2% colchicine yielded a 70.00% tetraploid induction rate; however, considering protocorm survival, a 5-day treatment with 0.05% colchicine was preferable, achieving a 63.55% survival rate and a 56.67% tetraploid induction rate. Tetraploid plants exhibited distinct morphological traits, such as a more compact growth habit, thicker leaves, and increased stem and root thickness. Leaf morphology changes included larger stomata with reduced density, denser spongy mesophyll, and more pronounced venation. Tetraploids also demonstrated a 1.94-fold increase in genome size compared to diploids. The tetraploid genotypes developed in this study hold significant potential for future Aerides breeding programs.

[目的]切花菊生产中普遍存在施肥过量和施肥方式不当的问题,通过比较4种施肥处理对切花菊形态指标、品质和养分吸收的影响,筛选最适切花菊生产的施肥体系,为切花菊减肥增效栽培提供理论依据.[方法]以切花菊'白扇'为试材,设置分别在智能水肥一体化机设备和施肥罐机器下,追施水溶肥7次(S1、S2)和追施4次(T1、T2) 4个处理,每次追肥量相同(75 kg/hm2).在定植后35、62和85天,调查切花菊农艺指标、花部性状、植株氮磷钾含量及土壤氮磷钾含量.[结果]与施肥罐机器施肥(S2、T2处理)相比,定植62天时,采用智能水肥一体化机设备施肥 (S1、T1处理) 提高了切花菊的株高、茎粗、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重和地下干重,T1处理的效果又好于S1处理;定植85天时,T1处理切花菊株高高于S2和T2处理,花径和出花率与S1和S2处理无显著差异.定植35天时,T1处理的植株钾含量高于其他3个处理;定植62天时,T1处理植株茎叶中磷、钾含量高于其他3个处理;定植85天时,T1处理植株根中的磷、钾含量均最高.T1处理也增加了定植62和85天后土壤有效磷和速效钾含量.[结论]采用智能水肥一体化机设备条件下,将追施肥次数由7次减至4次,施肥量由525 kg/hm2降低到375 kg/hm2,改善了切花菊'白扇'的农艺性状和花部性状,促进了植株对养分的吸收利用,并提高了土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,而使用施肥罐机器的减肥增效效果不明显.因此,切花菊生产中应推广利用智能水肥一体化机设备,以实现减肥增效.

Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) gene family plays indispensable roles in plant physiological activities, development processes, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, but no information is known for roses. In this study, a total of 25 RcSWEET genes were identified in Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’ by genome-wide analysis and clustered into four subgroups based on their phylogenetic relationships. The genomic features, including gene structures, conserved motifs, and gene duplication among the chromosomes of RcSWEET genes, were characterized. Seventeen types of cis-acting elements among the RcSWEET genes were predicted to exhibit their potential regulatory roles during biotic and abiotic stress and hormone responses. Tissue-specific and cold-response expression profiles based on transcriptome data showed that SWEETs play widely varying roles in development and stress tolerance in two rose species. Moreover, the different expression patterns of cold-response SWEET genes were verified by qRT-PCR between the moderately cold-resistant species R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’ and the extremely cold-resistant species R. beggeriana. Especially, SWEET2a and SWEET10c exhibited species differences after cold treatment and were sharply upregulated in the leaves of R. beggeriana but not R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’, indicating that these two genes may be the crucial candidates that participate in cold tolerance in R. beggeriana. Our results provide the foundation for function analysis of the SWEET gene family in roses, and will contribute to the breeding of cold-tolerant varieties of roses.

花瓣中挥发性成分对观赏植物的开发和利用起着重要作用.本研究采用顶空固相微萃取气质色谱联用技术,对5种蔷薇盛花期花瓣中挥发性成分进行检测分析,结果表明:5种蔷薇植物花瓣中共鉴定出91种挥发性成分,包含萜烯类、醇类、酯类、醛类、烷类、酚类、酮类、醚类和酸类9个类型.其中,百叶蔷薇共检测到45种挥发性成分,无特有成分,百叶蔷薇品种摩洛哥共检测到52种挥发性成分,5种特有成分;格拉斯共检测到40种挥发性成分,2种特有成分;菲茨詹姆斯共检测到57种挥发性成分,8种特有成分;大马士革蔷薇共检测出63种挥发性成分,11种特有成分.2-苯乙醇、香叶醇、香茅醇、乙酸香叶酯等是5种蔷薇花瓣中主要的挥发性成分,大马士革蔷薇花瓣的挥发性物质含量最多,达3622.68 ng/g,其次是摩洛哥、菲茨詹姆斯、格拉斯和百叶蔷薇,挥发性物质含量分别为2507.0ng/g、2445.9ng/g、1394.54ng/g和883.38ng/g.基于5种蔷薇花瓣中挥发性成分含量进行聚类分析发现,大马士革蔷薇与菲茨詹姆斯聚类关系较近,萜烯类挥发性成分种类和含量在5种蔷薇中差异较大.本研究为蔷薇属植物资源的开发和利用提供理论参考.

Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum （Lindl. ex Hook. f.） Stein is a rare and endangered plant in China with high ornamental value. In order to explore the genetic characteristics of wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum resources in Southwest China， and contribute to the protection and utilization of those wild resources， this study used SSR molecular marker to analyze the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of 190 Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum resources which collected from 6 populations in Guangxi， Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in Southwest China. In this study， the results showed that 10 pairs of primers with good amplification effect were selected from 115 pairs of primers， and 50 alleles were detected by 10 pairs of SSR primers of 190 Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum. The average number of alleles （Na） was 5 and the average number of effective alleles （Ne） was 2.4835. The average Shannon information index （I） was 0.8592. The average observed heterozygosity （Ho） was 0.4518 and the average expected heterozygosity （He） was 0.4387. The average polymorphic information content （PIC） was 0.5092 and the average Nei’s expected heterozygosty （h） was 0.4370. In this six wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations， the number of alleles （Na） was 2.8000-4.3000. The number of effective alleles （Ne） was 1.9655-2.4060. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） was 0.3891-0.4839. The expected heterozygosity （He） was 0.3795-0.4683. The Shannon information index （I） was 0.6584-0.8369， and the Nei’s expected heterozygosty （h） was 0.3648-0.4382. In the six wild populations， the genetic diversity of Guangxi Yachang （ GYC ） and Guizhou Wanfeng Lake （ QWF ） populations was generally higher （h=0.4382， h=0.4276）， while the genetic diversity of Guangxi Mulun （ GML ） population was relatively low （h=0.3648）. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） results showed that genetic variation mainly occurred among individuals within the population （94 %）， while genetic differentiation within populations was very small （6 %）. UPGMA cluster analysis based on genetic distance showed that the genetic distance of the six Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations was very small， there was no obvious group division and the genetic distance was not completely related to the geographical location. The results of Structure and principal coordinate analysis were consistent with those of UPGMA cluster analysis. Structure and principal coordinate analysis results showed that there was homogenization among the populations， and there was no obvious group division. In summary， the genetic diversity of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum resources is relatively rich， which can provide a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum resources in Southwest China.

从植物营养转运、表观形态、光合作用以及非生物胁迫抗性4个方面总结丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对观赏植物生长发育的影响.分析表明,AMF通过调控营养转运基因的表达和提高观赏植物吸收养分的面积促进观赏植物体内营养元素的积累,改善植物营养吸收;通过提高植物体内叶绿素含量、光合酶活性等提高植物的碳固定能力和改善源-库关系,进而增强植物光合作用效率;通过调控渗透调节物质、抗氧化等酶活性提高植物的抗旱、耐盐碱及高温等抗逆性.今后应进一步研究AMF参与钾离子、叶绿素荧光参数以及胁迫相关转录因子(如GRAS家族、AP2/ERF家族、MYB家族)的调控机制,以探究AMF的共生机制.

通过杂交育种进行花香特征改良是花香育种重要方式.本研究采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对满庭芳华及其父母本盛开期花瓣挥发性物质进行了测定和比较分析.结果 表明:满庭芳华及其父本弯刺蔷薇、母本伊丽莎白女王盛开期花瓣中分别检测到25种、36种及22种挥发性有机物,包括醇类、萜烯类、酯类、烃类、醚类、醛类、酮类和酸类8类,共计59种组分.满庭芳华与弯刺蔷薇存在10种共有成分,与伊丽莎白女王存在13种共有成分,8种特有成分,其香气成分种类与母本更为相似.满庭芳华花香成分总释放量为579.70 ng/g,低于父本(13939.42 ng/g)、母本(1157.10ng/g),其中,萜类和苯类/苯丙素类化合物含量低于父母本,但其倍半萜类物质的种类和含量高于父母本,脂肪酸及其衍生物类总含量介于父母本之间;主成分分析及相对含量表明,β-荜澄茄油烯、β-杜松烯、β-石竹烯等为主要影响满庭芳华香气的挥发性组分.本研究可以为蔷薇属植物花香代谢遗传改良提供参考,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义.

[目的]研究萼脊蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis japonica的开花特性与繁育特性,为萼脊蝴蝶兰杂交育种提供理论依据,也为濒危蝴蝶兰属Phalaenopsis植物种质资源保护提供研究基础.[方法]以温室条件下栽培的萼脊蝴蝶兰为材料,记录其花器官特性和开花进程,测定花粉活力与柱头可授性,分析花粉组织化学,估算杂交指数并进行人工控制授粉试验.[结果]①萼脊蝴蝶兰群体花期 4月中旬至 5月底,单株花期 30～40 d,单花花期约 30 d,开放时有香味.花蕾期为开花前 1～7 d,初花期为开花后 1～5 d,盛花期为开花后 6～25 d,末花期为开花后 26～30 d,凋谢期为开花后 30～40 d.②总状花序,单株花序多为 1～2个,单花序约 10朵花.③萼脊蝴蝶兰花粉为近圆形四合花粉,主要由脂质组成,适合虫媒授粉.④雌雄同株,且同步成熟,在盛花期(开花 6～25 d)花粉活力与柱头可授性均达到最强,花粉活力高达 84.98%,杂交指数为 4.⑤自然授粉、自然自花授粉、去雄不授粉 3种处理后的结实率均为 0,而人工自花授粉、人工同株异花授粉和人工异株授粉的结实率高达 60.00%、80.00%和 93.33%,且人工异株授粉果实质量最好,种子最大,种子活力最高(82.69%),单果实中种子数量约 43000粒.[结论]萼脊蝴蝶兰开花始于 4月中旬,结束于 5月底,盛花期持续约 20 d,其繁育系统属于兼性异交,需要传粉者的类型.

为解决切花菊设施栽培中施肥过量导致可吸收利用的养分较少且品质不佳的问题,综述切花菊的需肥规律、营养调控研究进展,以及大量营养元素、微量元素、提高化肥利用效率的技术对切花菊生长发育的影响.总结出不同切花菊品种在同一生育期或同一器官的养分需求规律相同,但是针对不同栽培基质、土壤或环境,最适需肥配比、需肥量需要调整.按需施肥和配套技术对于改善土壤结构和切花菊品质有重要作用.笔者认为需将科研与生产紧密结合,深入研究养分高效吸收利用的机理及技术;加快形成适用于不同区域的标准施肥体系,以推进切花菊生产向专业化、规模化和集约化发展.

Essential oils have attracted wide attention in recent years due to their extensive applications in natural functional ingredients, pharmaceutical preparations, biomedical products, and the cosmetics industry. In this study, the chemical compositions and biological activities of essential oils extracted from six Lamiaceae herbs, including Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (PCEO), Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (PFEO), Salvia japonica Thunb. (SJEO), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (ROEO), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (LAEO), and Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Kuntze (AREO), were determined and analyzed. A total of 167 components were identified from the six essential oils by GC-MS analysis, with 35, 24, 47, 46, 54, and 37 components in PCEO, PFEO, SJEO, ROEO, LAEO, and AREO, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis of chemical compositions showed that the composition of the six essential oils was significantly different in content, and they were clearly divided into six classes. However, all of these six essential oils exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 in rats with adjuvant arthritis, among which PFEO had the best performance. In addition, the six essential oils displayed significant cytotoxicity on B16 (IC50 = 86.91–228.91 μg/mL) and LNCaP cell lines (IC50 = 116.4–189.63 μg/mL). Meanwhile, all of them presented satisfactory antioxidant activity (IC50 = 4.88–13.89 μg/mL) compared with Trolox C (IC50 = 13.83 μg/mL), and SJEO (IC50 = 7.93 μg/mL) served as an optimal candidate natural antioxidant by DPPH assay. Taken together, these results indicate that the six Lamiaceae essential oils manifest excellent and diverse biological activities, enabling them to be used as perfect natural functional ingredients in antioxidant, antitumor, or anti-arthritic drugs. This study provides more references for pharmaphylogeny research and drug discovery from folk medicinal plants.

以切花月季"卡罗拉"(Rosa hybrida'Carola')为试验材料,在不同季节进行5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA,100 mg/L)溶液叶面喷施,研究ALA对"卡罗拉"周年生产以及冬季耐低温胁迫的影响.结果表明,叶面喷施ALA处理可以提高各个季节的花枝产量,全年平均增产14.8％;在夏季和冬季能显著提高"卡罗拉"花枝长度、花枝粗度和花枝重量等品质;花瓣数和花蕾大小在冬季显著增加,在夏季则显著减少,而在春秋两季各指标的变化不显著.同时ALA处理在夏、秋和冬季显著改善了"卡罗拉"花枝等级,对冬季切花等级的提高最大,冬季"卡罗拉"A、B级花率提高了186.7％,同时D级花率降低了73.1％.在冬季进行ALA喷施处理,不仅可以显著增加叶片叶绿素、精氨酸、脯氨酸和总氨基酸含量,还可以降低根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量.该研究表明,ALA喷施处理可以明显在夏、冬两季提高切花月季"卡罗拉"的品质和产量,其中冬季品质和产量的提升可能与ALA可以提高其冬季低温胁迫能力有关.

Rosa beggeriana ‘Aurea’ is a yellow-green leaf (yl) mutant and originated from Rosa beggeriana Schrenk by 60Co-γ irradiation, which is an important ornamental woody species. However, the molecular mechanism of the yl mutant remains unknown. Herein, comparative transcriptome profiling was performed between the yl type and normal green color type (WT) by RNA sequencing. A total of 3,372 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, consisting of 1,585 upregulated genes and 1,787 downregulated genes. Genes that took part in metabolic of biological process (1,090), membrane of cellular component (728), catalytic (1,114), and binding of molecular function (840) were significantly different in transcription level. DEGs involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, carotenoids biosynthesis, cutin, suberine, wax biosynthesis, photosynthesis, chloroplast development, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) components, CO2 fixation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis related genes were downregulated. Meanwhile, linoleic acid metabolism, siroheme biosynthesis, and carbon source of pigments biosynthesis through methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways were upregulated. Moreover, a total of 147 putative transcription factors were signification different expression, involving NAC, WRKY, bHLH, MYB and AP2/ERF, C2H2, GRAS, and bZIP family gene. Our results showed that the disturbed pigments biosynthesis result in yl color by altering the ratio of chlorophylls and carotenoids in yl mutants. The yl mutants may evoke other metabolic pathways to compensate for the photodamage caused by the insufficient structure and function of chloroplasts, such as enhanced MEP pathways and linoleic acid metabolism against oxidative stress. This research can provide a reference for the application of leaf color mutants in the future.

以象鼻兰种子为试验材料,采用浸泡法,研究了秋水仙素处理对蝴蝶兰种子染色体加倍的影响,以期获得诱导多倍体的适宜条件.结果 表明:秋水仙素浸泡法诱导种子染色体加倍时,种子在液体培养基中培养5d,再采用0.20％秋水仙素处理1d的处理效果最好,萌发率达到6.41％,高于1.96％的自然萌发率,四倍体、嵌合体诱导率分别达到了27.75％、34.84％;四倍体植株与二倍体植株相比,形态与气孔特征均发生了明显变化,形态特征表现为,植株粗壮、根系发达且粗壮、植株生长较快等;气孔特征表现为单位面积气孔数减少,气孔增大,长宽分别增长25.19％和26.19％.该研究得到了秋水仙素浸泡象鼻兰种子诱导染色体加倍的适宜条件且提高了象鼻兰种子的萌发率,获得了四倍体植株和嵌合体植株,为把象鼻兰优异基因高效导入栽培品种奠定了基础,为蝴蝶兰体细胞无性系变异新品种的培育提供了参考依据.