An ultrathin MIL-110@SPEEK membrane with regulated proton conductivity and enhanced mechanical properties was applied to acidic CO2 electrolysis to promote CO2 conversion and suppress HER.

The extensive applications of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) suffer from the notorious issue of thermal runaway (TR), which is alleviated via the usage of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). However, the utilization of SPEs is confronted with the high crystallinity, low ionic conductivity, and high flammability. In this context, this paper has designed a hierarchical MXene@CoNi-LDH (MCN) nanostructure as filler to construct the composite polyoxyethylene (PEO)-based SPEs. The addition of MCN not only reduces the crystallinity of PEO, but also promotes the dissociation of lithium salt through Lewis acid-base interactions, which endows the battery with excellent electrochemical performances and effectively suppresses the lithium dendrite growth. In addition, the assembled soft-pack battery did not experience TR under abusive conditions such as bending, piercing, cutting, and open flame combustion. As revealed in TR test in an adiabatic environment, the peak TR temperature is reduced by 70 ℃, and the peak temperature rise rate is decreased by 97.8%, while the TR triggering time is delayed by 60 min. Overall, using MCN can effectively and simultaneously enhance both the electrochemical performance and safety of solid-state batteries, offering critical support for the development of high-performance and safe solid-state LIBs.

The development of fluorine-free foam with silicone surfactant mixtures as the core has significant application potential, yet the comprehensive performance of such mixtures remains not fully elucidated. In this study, it is hypothesized that specific synergistic interactions between distinct silicone surfactants in a binary system can significantly enhance foams for heavy oil fire suppression. To verify this hypothesis, five silicone surfactants (SiS1, SiS2, SiS3, SiS4, and SiS5) were selected to prepare 10 binary composite systems. Systematic characterizations of surface/interfacial properties, film-forming ability, and foamability were conducted. Results indicated that binary compounding significantly altered the performance of surfactant mixtures. Notably, the SiS1/SiS3 mixture exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance, forming a continuous liquid film and maintaining exceptional foam stability by effectively delaying foam drainage and coarsening. In a typical transformer oil fire test, the optimized formulation, stabilized by 0.05 wt% xanthan gum, achieved an exceptional fire-extinguishing time of 63 s and a burn-back time of 543 s, successfully outperforming conventional aqueous film-forming foam. SiS1/SiS3 is proven to be an ideal core component, and this work provides empirical data and practical formulation strategies for the development of high-performance fluorine-free foams.

Double atom regulation and synergistic phosphorus doping and oxygen vacancy (OV) engineering are effective strategies for optimizing the electronic structure of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). In this study, a self-supporting P-doped OV-(Co0.5Ni0.5)3V2O8 electrode with interpenetrating carbon nanotube networks was synthesized via cation/anion co-reconstruction. Leveraging vanadium's high valence states, the dual-atom system creates a microporous architecture that enables precise charge redistribution, enhancing both electrical conductivity and OH- adsorption capacity. Density functional theory confirms that P-OV synergy reduces charge transfer resistance while optimizing ion diffusion pathways and charge storage kinetics. The optimized electrode achieves outstanding performance: 3807.9 F cm-3 volumetric capacitance at 1 A g-1 and exceptional cycling stability (100% capacity retention over 10000 cycles). Assembled asymmetric supercapacitors deliver 158.1 Wh L-1 energy density at 992 W L-1 power density, surpassing most reported LDH-based devices. This dual-atom charge redistribution mechanism establishes a universal paradigm for designing high-capacity electrodes, addressing critical challenges in energy storage materials through simultaneous electronic structure modulation and microstructural stabilization.

Metal ion-intercalated layered vanadium oxides have been regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to increased specific capacity resulting from effectively enlarged interlayer spacing. However, poor electrical conductivity and insufficient electrochemistry activity significantly hinder their practical applications. Herein, a hierarchical dandelion-like manganese vanadate (MnVO) decorated with zero-dimensional carbon dots (CDs) and two-dimensional graphene nanosheets (GNs) has been successfully constructed via a facile hydrothermal route. The dandelion-like architecture improves the intrinsic activity of MnVO, while the uniformly dispersed CDs with abundant Zn2+ adsorption sites and the interconnected GNs network with nature of high electroconductivity synergistically provides a fascinating solution for zinc ion and electron transport in an extrinsic way. Ex-situ characterizations reveal a highly reversible co-intercalation/deintercalation mechanism of Zn2+ and H2O rendering the structural stability of composite. Consequently, such a dual-carbon decorated cathode (MnVO@CDs-GNs) exhibits excellent electrochemical kinetics and cycling stability, which delivers an initial capacity of 426.7 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and 80.1% of capacity retention after 2000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g-1. This innovative dual-carbon engineering provides a rational design strategy to synchronously heighten the ion/electron transport kinetics of cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries through the synergistic effect of multi-scale carbon architectures.

Bismuth-based metal-organic frameworks (Bi-MOFs) are emerging as a distinctive class of functional porous materials that combine structural tunability, biocompatibility, and unique physicochemical characteristics of Bi(III). In contrast to conventional transition-metal-based MOFs, however, their assembly is strongly governed by the stereochemically active 6s2 lone pair, variable coordination environments, and the pronounced hydrolytic tendency of Bi(III), which together complicate the realization of predictable structures, permanent porosity, and operational stability. This review provides a systematic analysis of the structure-property relationships of Bi-MOFs, focusing on how Bi(III) coordination chemistry governs framework design, topology evolution, and stability. The influence of major ligand families, including carboxylates, phosphonates, and phenolates, is critically discussed, and the representative strategies for transforming Bi-MOFs into functional derivatives, such as porous carbons, oxides, sulfides, and phosphides, are summarized. Their applications in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, and environmental remediation are also highlighted, with particular attention to the relationship between precursor structure and functional performance. Key challenges, including green synthesis, rigorous evaluation of porosity and stability, and the development of multivariate and application-oriented systems, are further discussed. Rather than viewing Bi-MOFs as universal substitutes for established MOFs, this review identifies them as specialized functional platforms and provides a critical perspective for the rational development of next-generation Bi-MOF-based materials.

This review summarizes the past-decade advances in porous materials supported palladium (Pd) nanocatalysts for hydrogenation. Building on the intrinsic 4d10 character of Pd, we establish a “support-metal-microenvironment” triadic synergy framework that elucidates how oxides, carbons, zeolites, metal–organic frameworks/covalent organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs) and bimetallic modulate activity/selectivity at the atomic scale through electronic engineering, geometric confinement and acid–metal proximity. A three-tier “electronic tuning–interfacial sacrifice–coupled reaction” anti-poisoning strategy is proposed, enabling thermal-atomization regeneration, in-situ water–gas-shift removal of CO, potential-window scavenging of Cl− and micropore anti-sintering. Future perspectives include high-throughput density functional theory (DFT)-plus-machine-learning screening, self-healing intelligent supports and micro-channel continuous-flow processes that will propel green and precise hydrogenation in fine chemicals and hydrogen storage, offering a transferable paradigm for rational catalyst design.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are plagued by water-rich and unstable electrolyte/electrode interface, which results in poor reversibility and short lifespan. Herein, trace sodium perfluorononyloxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) and bismuth potassium citrate (BPC) additives collaboratively construct a zincophilic and water-shielding interface. Both OBS and BPC molecules preferentially adsorb on the Zn anode, forming a H2O-blocking layer to suppress water-induced side reactions. Concurrently, upon cycling, OBS decomposes and forms ZnF2 with high ionic conductivity, while Bi3+ derived from BPC is electrochemically reduced to metallic Bi0, serving as zincophilic nucleation sites. This in-situ formed ZnF2/Bi-modified interface synergistically regulates Zn2+flux and homogenizes the interfacial electric field. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell achieves exceptional cycling stability over 6600 h at 1 mA & centerdot;cm-2 and 1 mAh & centerdot;cm-2, and a lifespan over 1000 h at high current density and areal capacity (3 mA & centerdot;cm-2 and 3 mAh & centerdot;cm-2). The full cell paired with NH4V4O10 cathode delivers a capacity retention of 95.54% after 500 cycles at 1 A & centerdot;g-1, substantially outperforming the baseline electrolyte. This streamlined strategy in-situ constructs a multifunctional hybrid interphase, paving a new way for durable and high-performance AZIBs.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) offers a promising approach to mitigate water scarcity, due to its high desalination efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmental sustainability. Despite these advantages, conventional carbon electrode materials often face limitations due to inadequate pore structures and slow ion transport, which hinder CDI performance. In this study, we developed N, B-co doped porous carbon framework (NB-PCF) materials using a dual-engineering strategy that integrates heteroatom doping with hierarchical structural design. By employing SiO2 as a nanopore-forming template and utilizing melamine/cyanuric acid (MCA) and boric acid as structure-directing agents within a chitosan solution, we achieved a three-dimensional interconnected network of NB-PCF. The framework features a high density of active sites and remarkable specific capacitance, benefiting from the incorporation of N, B atoms, expanded layer spacing in pseudo-graphite, and a well-defined hierarchical porous structure. Through precise control of the SiO2 and MCA content, the chemical composition and structural architecture of NB-PCF were optimized. The resulting material demonstrated an impressive salt adsorption capacity of 35.1 mg/g, a fast desalination rate of 1.52 mg/g/min, and excellent capacity retention of 95 % over 70 cycles in 10 mmol/L NaCl at a constant voltage of 1.2 V. Furthermore, our findings reveal the contribution of mesopores in enhancing desalination performance. Notably, the NB-PCF effectively removed various anions and cations in actual groundwater, showcasing its practical applicability for water purification.

Metallic Zn is a promising anode for high-safety, low-cost, and large-scale energy storage systems. However, it is strongly hindered by unstable electrode/electrolyte interface issues, including zinc dendrite, corrosion, passivation, and hydrogen evolution reactions. In this work, an in situ interface protection strategy is established by turning the corrosion/passivation byproducts (zinc hydroxide sulfates, ZHSs) into a stable hybrid protection layer. The hydrolysis of the diglycolamine buffer layer on the zinc anode provides a homogeneous basic electrolyte environment for the generation of small-sized ZHS, thereby leading to the formation of a ZHS-based hybrid layer. Benefiting from this hybrid layer, uniform zinc ion flux and high anticorrosion ability can be achieved. As a result, the decorated symmetric cell presents a long cycling lifespan of over 1500 h at a current density of 1 mA cm-2 and an area capacity of 1 mAh cm-2. It also contributes to the appealing cycling and rate performance of Zn|NH4V4O10 full cells. This work provides insight into regulating and reusing interfacial byproducts for high-performance zinc metal batteries.

Polymers are promising as stabilizers for developing eco-friendly foam extinguishing agents to solve the imminent pollution problem of fluorinated ones. Present work aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which polymers influence the performance of non-fluorinated foams. Specifically, it investigates the effects of three polymers—xanthan gum (XG), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa), and gelatin (GEL) on surface tension, conductivity, viscosity, foamability, foam stability, and rheology of the siloxane-based Gemini/sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate mixture. Further, drainage and liquid film experiments are conducted at various temperatures to assess drainage time and film lifetime. Results showed that the addition of three polymers increased viscosity and conductivity of the dispersions while inhibiting foamability, where GEL also enhanced the surface activity. The polymers delayed coarsening by forming the macromolecular gel network between bubbles, with the dimensionless bubble diameter growth exponent of about 1/2. Additionally, polymer-containing dispersions exhibited longer drainage times and film lifetimes at both room and elevated temperatures. Dispersions with XG and CMC-Na showed a viscoelastic solid rheological response at low oscillatory strains under room temperature, but lost elastic behavior at high temperatures. Conversely, dispersions with GEL maintained consistent rheological behavior across temperatures, displaying viscoelasticity at low strains and transitioning to flowing liquid state at higher strains.

Aqueous zinc ions batteries are one of the alternative choices for large-scale energy storage batteries, due to the potential zinc anode and low-cost/eco-friendly electrolyte. However, zinc dendrites and water related side reactions lead to low cycle reversibility and short lifespan. In this study, tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTs) is used as electrolyte additives to construct zincophilic-hydrophobic interface, which can separate zinc anode and active water molecules by forming Si-O-Zn bond, and can enrich zinc ions transference paths via zincophilic F-containing groups. Take advantage of this cooperative effect, high redox kinetics and zinc deposition stability are achieved. As a result, Zn|Zn symmetric cell with POTs modified electrolyte exhibits long lifespan over 1000 h companies an average coulombic efficiency of 99%. Moreover, the Zn|NH4V4O10 full cell retains 76.37% of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles. This work furnishes a simple method to boost the development of the commercial application of zinc ions batteries.

With the increased penetration of energy storage devices in daily life, safety hazard and energy density issues are attracting greater and greater interest. Conventional liquid electrolytes suffer from leakage, flammability, gas evolution, dendrite hazards, and so on, especially when matching with high-energy-density metal anodes. Though solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are promising candidates for the next-generation safe and high energy density energy storage system, individual SSE fails to meet the asynchronous demands of cathode and anode, because of their intrinsic solid chemistry properties. Among numerous modified approaches related to SSEs chemistry, asymmetric SSEs (ASSEs) which have more than one SSE and multilayer structure take advantage of individual SSE layers and complement each other’s disadvantages, showing Janus abilities. However, there are few reviews about ASSEs. Also, the problem of interface compatibility the between different electrolytes as well as the interface of electrodes and electrolytes is hindering the development of ASSEs. This review comprehensively outlines the state of the art of ASSEs. Additionally, it summarizes the advantages and functions of ASSEs with the unique structure for different energy storage. Furthermore, the interfacial compatibility and corresponding evaluation methods are discussed. Finally, an outlook on how ASSEs will develop in the future energy storage applications is proposed.

We developed metal–organic framework (MOF) derivatives via rapid thermal processing (RTP) of ZIF-67, achieving synthesis in ∼30 min far faster than conventional pyrolysis. These derivatives retain the morphology of ZIF-67, integrating carbon nanotubes and nickel–cobalt nanoparticles within a porous carbon matrix. With surface areas of ∼ 208–225 m2·g−1, they excel in styrene epoxidation, yielding 80

The proton conductive electrolytes operating under high temperature (100–200 °C) are highly desired for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HTPEMFC), which possess high CO tolerance, easy thermal-water management, and high efficiency. However, conventional proton exchange membranes face the challenge of proton carrier leaking. To conquer such issue, in this work, the nanometer-sized proton transport channels are constructed in ZIF-8 membrane, in which deep eutectic solvents (DES) act as proton carriers to build continuous hydrogen-bonding networks. The microporous structure of ZIF-8 would inhibit DES leaking by size sieving. An excellent proton conductivity is achieved in the DES@ZIF-8 membrane, which is 1.21×10−2 S cm−1 at 180 °C. Furthermore, it is discovered that weak electron donors could optimize the proton transport pathway by tuning the structure and HOMO of hydrogen-bonding networks, which would lower the activation energy for proton hopping and enhance rapid proton transport. As a proof of concept, the DES@ZIF-8 membrane is fabricated directly into a H2/O2 HTPEMFC. This work provides not only a kind of efficient proton conducive electrolytes, but also theoretical support for improving proton conductivity by optimizing hydrogen-bonding networks.

CO2 electrolysis in acid electrolyte is a promising pathway to promote CO2 usage by suppressing the formation of (bi)carbonate. However, it suffered from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This study reported a hybrid proton exchange membrane (PEM) doped with porous metal-organic framework (MOF) arrays to build confined proton channels. It demonstrated the outstanding stability and mechanical property. The proton conductivity of this hybrid PEM reached to 9.8 x 10-3 S cm-1 under 65 degrees C, slightly lower than pure polymer PEM. The confined proton channels through the hybrid PEM could tune the proton provide to the cathode, which would create hydroxide-rich microenvironment for catalysts. It is favorable for the inhibition of hydrogen evolution. The total faraday efficiency (FE) of CO was improved to a maximum of 85 %, while FE for H2 decreased to 1 %. This work not only provided a novel structure design for proton exchange membranes, but also a new sight to suppress HER and promote CO2 electrolysis.

Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) presents a sustainable strategy to global freshwater scarcity. In this work, a purely natural hydrophilic composite foam (LiCl@GQC) with macroporous structure is designed for SAWH sorbents to replace petroleum-derived synthetic polymer matrices. The three-dimensional network porous structure is constructed by rigid cellulose as the structural framework and superhydrophilic quaternized chitosan as a pore-size expander, endowing the biomass-based sorbent with robust mechanical properties, superior moisture sorption performance and excellent water storage capacity. The moisture absorption capacity is up to 4.73 g g-1 at 25 °C under 95 % relative humidity. The uniformly dispersed graphene oxide in the sorbent has light absorption rate of 94 %, enabling efficient solar thermal desorption performance. Driven by simulated sunlight irradiation (200 mW cm-2), LiCl@GQC achieves an evaporation rate of 4.19 kg m-2 h-1, and stable performance and excellent antibacterial properties over 10 absorption-desorption cycles. Moreover, water was successfully collected by natural sunlight using a homemade device based on LiCl@GQC in outdoor testing. The water production rate reaches up to 1.49 kg m-2 day-1, sufficient to meet the drinking water demand of one adult. This work provides the potential of biomass materials for eco-friendly, sustainable SAWH sorbents to mitigate the global water crisis.

Porous carbon synchronously with high conductivity and abundant porous structure is considered to be an effective sulfur host material for boosting the lithium-storage property in battery fields. Herein, a natural silk cocoon derived in-situ N-doping porous carbon lamella with ultrahigh graphitization degree is prepared by a facile synchronous carbonization and catalysis using the bimetallic mixed salts of FeCl3 3 and ZnCl2. 2 . The pore structure and graphitization degree are easily regulated by changing carbonization temperature to balance the synergistic adsorption and conversion actions toward the polysulfides adhered to porous carbon lamellar. When the carbon lamellar is used to design sulfur cathode, the abundant porous structure not only encapsulates active sulfur, but also facilitates electrolyte infiltration. The shuttle effect of polysulfides can be restrained by the synergistic adsorption of porous structure and N-doping. Especially, the ultrahigh graphitized carbon lamellas provide an excellent conductive network for the favorable redox conversion of polysulfide species during charge/ discharge. Owing to the structure merits of the porous carbon lamella prepared at 1000 degrees C, the corresponding carbon/sulfur composite cathode delivers a first discharge capacity of 807.7 mAh g- 1 at 0.2C. Even at a current rate of 1C, the stable long cycling performance of 1000 cycles is still maintained. This high graphitized porous carbon materials will provide potential application in other energy-storage fields.

Native mass spectrometry (nMS) is becoming a crucial tool for analyzing membrane proteins (MPs), yet challenges remain in solubilizing and stabilizing their native conformations while resolving and characterizing the heterogeneity introduced by post-translational modifications and ligand binding. This review highlights recent advancements and persistent challenges in preparing MPs for nMS. Optimizing detergents and additives can significantly reduce sample heterogeneity and surface charge, enhancing MP signal quality and structural preservation in nMS. A strategic workflow incorporating affinity capture, stabilization agents, and size-exclusion chromatography to remove unfolded species demonstrates success in improving nMS characterization. Continued development of customized detergents and reagents tailored for specific MPs may further minimize heterogeneity and boost signals. Instrumental advances are also needed to elucidate more dynamically complex and labile MPs. Effective sample preparation workflows may provide insights into MP structures, dynamics, and interactions underpinning membrane biology. With ongoing methodological innovation, nMS shows promise to complement biophysical studies and facilitate drug discovery targeting this clinically important yet technically demanding protein class.