Catheter-related infections (CRIs) caused by hospital-acquired microbial infections lead to the failure of treatment and the increase of mortality and morbidity. Surface modifications of the implant catheters have been demonstrated to be effective approaches to improve and largely reduce the bacterial colonization and related complications. In this work, we focus on the last 5-year progress in the surface modifications of biomedical catheters to prevent CRIs. Their antibacterial strategies used for surface modifications are further divided into 5 classifications through the antimicrobial mechanisms, including active surfaces, passive surfaces, active and passive combination surfaces, stimulus-type response surfaces, and other types. Each feature and the latest advances in these abovementioned antibacterial surfaces of implant catheters are highlighted. Finally, these confronting challenges and future prospects are discussed for the antibacterial modifications of implant catheters.

The random-pattern skin flap is a generally used technique to cover the soft tissue defect, while its application is often constrained by complications after the flap transplant. Necrosis of the flap remains a principal obstacle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Baicalin on skin flap survival and its mechanism. First of all, we discovered that administering Baicalin stimulated cell migration and boosted the formation of capillary tubes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Then, we detected that Baicalin reduced apoptosis-induced oxidative stress by using western blot and oxidative stress test kit. After that, we observed that Baicalin increased autophagy and utilized 3MA to block autophagy augmentation substantially reversing the effects of Baicalin therapy. Furthermore, we uncovered the underlying mechanisms of Baicalin-induced autophagy via AMPK-regulated TFEB nuclear transcription. Finally, our in vivo experiment findings showed that Baicalin reduces oxidative stress, inhibits apoptosis, promotes angiogenesis, and boosts the levels of autophagy. After autophagy was blocked, substantially reversing the effects of Baicalin therapy. Our study indicated that Baicalin-induced autophagy via AMPK regulated TFEB nuclear transcription and then promotes angiogenesis and against oxidative stress and apoptotic promotes skin flap survival. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential for the clinical application of Baicalin in the future.

Background Predicting omalizumab treatment response has been a challenge and significant aspect for selecting suitable severe allergic asthma patients for omalizumab use. Objective To determine which domains of pretreatment baseline characteristics predict omalizumab treatment response among asthmatic patients. Methods Electronic bases were searched for eligible studies that reported potential biomarkers that could predict omalizumab responsiveness and efficacy. Patients who accepted omalizumab treatment were stratified into responders and non-responders. WMD, OR, and their 95%CI were used to access the differences between those omalizumab receivers. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted for potential heterogeneity. Results A total of 41 studies evaluating efficacy predictors of omalizumab were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that omalizumab responders had significantly younger age in the adult subgroup, higher pretreatment total serum IgE level, percent predicted FEV1 and FeNO than that non-responder. We further confirmed that higher blood eosinophil counts and total serum IgE levels are useful markers for selecting asthma patients who may benefit more from omalizumab. Conclusions Pre-treatment blood eosinophil counts and total serum IgE level can be a useful efficacy predictor in selecting allergic asthma patients for omalizumab treatment.

本文利用政策内容分析,梳理了发达国家在特医食品标签管理方面的做法,围绕标签一般信息、适用疾病人群、营养成分标签、服用信息提醒等维度进行政策归纳,发现发达国家在标签管理方面要求较为细致且严格,与国内特殊医学用途配方食品标签相关规定进行比较,主要差异表现在:发达国家往往要求生产商在其标签中明确提示产品的适用疾病人群;同时产品也会附带营养标签,以对成分、含量、比例、参考摄入量等信息进行标识;标签需要提供服用提示信息以指导消费者合理使用.上述发现提示,我国特医食品标签管理需积极借鉴发达国家管理经验,下一阶段需要着重完善的内容包括:完善特殊医学用途配方食品标签领域的法律法规,引导行业企业规范、科学标识营养健康信息;分类制定不同疾病人群的营养参考摄入标准,提高标签管理的科学性;加强特殊医学用途配方食品标签管理与全产业链监管、公众营养宣教等工作的衔接.

Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are two important immune regulatory cells which both play critical roles in asthma. Our previous experiments revealed that activation of Treg cells suppressed NKT cells in asthma. However, the possible regulatory effects and the mechanisms linking Treg cells and NKT cells remain poorly understood. The current study was designed to further investigate the regulatory effect and its possible mechanisms of Treg cells on NKT cells function, especially the distribution of NKT cells. Regulatory T cell (Treg), responder T cell (Teff) and Natural killer T cell (NKT) were isolated and purified. After Lentivirus carrying CD39 (Le-CD39) was transfected into Treg cells, the immune phenotype of Treg cells was changed and the suppressive effect of Treg cells on Teff cells with an activation of Treg cells was enhanced, marking with a high expression level of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Up-regulation of CD39 expression led to lower ATP level in cell culture supernatant. To further explore its function in asthma, we introduced an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice model of asthma. And the data showed that up-regulation of CD39 remarkably alleviated OVA-induced hallmarks of the asthma and increased NKT cells in the spleen and peripheral blood; however, decreased NKT cells in the lung. Furthermore, up-regulation of CD39 decreased the levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in the lung of OVA-treated mice. Our results strongly suggest that Treg cells could be activated by CD39 signal transduction and then affected the distribution of NKT cells in the OVA-induced mice model of asthma.

Objective:To investigate the effect of fasudil on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function,the serum levels of Type B natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen (P Ⅲ NP) in patients with hypertensive heart disease.Methods:Sixty cases of patients with hypertensive heart disease were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The control group were treated with antihypertensive,diuretic,and anti heart failure drug therapy,the treatment group was given fasudil intravenously based on the treatment in control group,two groups were treated for 2 weeks.Before treatment,2 weeks and 3 months after treatment,blood pressure and heart rate were measured respectively,and echocardiography was performed to calculate the left ventricular mass index (LVMI),left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic index (LVEDVI),and the serum levels of P Ⅲ Np and BNP were detected.Adverse reaction were observed.Results:Mter treating for 3 months,LVEF,LVMI,LVEDVI and LVESVI in the two groups decreased compared with these parameters before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment,and the changes of LVEDVI and LVESVI in the treatment group were more significant.The levels of BNP in the two groups in 2 weeks and 3 months after treatment were lower than those before treatment,and PⅢNP levels in the two groups in 2 weeks after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,after 2 weeks of treatment,PⅢNP and BNP in the treatment group decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).There was no adverse reaction such as liver and kidney dysfunction in the two groups.Conclusion:The combination of fasudil with conventional therapy can reduce the expansion and fibrosis of left ventricle and reduce the occurrence and development of left ventricular remodeling in patients with heart failure caused by hypertensive heart disease.

In conventional microextraction procedures, the disperser (organic solvent or ionic liquid) is left in the aqueous phase and discarded after finishing the microextraction process. Because the disperser is water-soluble, it results in low extraction recovery for polar compounds. In this investigation, an ionic-liquid-based microextraction (ILBME) was integrated with salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SALLME) to build an ionic-liquid-based, salt-induced, dual microextraction (ILSDME) for isolation of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) with high polarity (log P, −1.0 to 1.0). The proposed ILSDME method incorporates a dual microextraction by converting the disperser in the ILBME to the extractor in the SALLME. Optimization of key factors was conducted by integrating single-factor experiments and central composite design. The optimized experimental parameters were 80 μL [C8MIM][PF6] as extractor, 505 μL acetone as disperser, pH = 2.0, 4.1 min extraction time, and 4.2 g of Na2SO4. Under optimized conditions, high ERs (90.6–103.2 %) and low LODs (0.07–0.61 μg kg−1) were determined for five FQs in swine feed. Experimental precision based on RSDs was 1.4–5.2 % for intra-day and 2.4–6.9 % for inter-day analyses. The combination of ILBME with SALLME increased FQ recoveries by 15–20 % as compared with SALLME, demonstrating that the ILSDME method can enhance extraction efficiency for polar compounds compared to single-step microextraction. Therefore, the ILSDME method developed in this study has wide application for pretreatment of moderately to highly polar pollutants in complex matrices.

The compound 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-153) is an intermediate photolytic product in the degradation of highly brominated diphenyl ethers to lower brominated forms. Herein, we report the effects of two natural organic matter (NOM) sources, Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and Pony Lake fulvic acid (PLFA), on BDE-153 photolysis in water. The rate constant (k) and half-life of BDE-153 was 2.26 x 10(-2) min(-1) and 30.72 min under UV-Vis irradiation (direct photolysis at) lambda > 290 nm). The k value for BDE-153 decreased markedly in the presence of NOM with a larger decrease in the presence of PLFA than SRFA. Electron spin resonance (ESR) demonstrated generation of free radicals in the photolytic process that mainly involved 102 and center dot OH. The biomolecular k values for reaction of O-1(2) and center dot OH with BDE-153 were 3.65 x 10(6) and 7.70 x 10(8) M-1 s(-1), respectively. The contribution of center dot OH (28.7-31.0%) to the indirect photolysis of BDE-153 was higher than for O-1(2) (12.9-14.9%). The photolytic rate of BDE-153 in oxygen-rich (aerated) solution was much slower than in oxygen-poor (nitrogensparged) conditions, demonstrating that (NOM)-N-3* is a more effective reagent for degradation of BDE-153 than O-1(2). Addition of sorbic acid (a (NOM)-N-3* quencher) significantly reduced the photolytic rate of BDE-153 confirming the important role of (NOM)-N-3* in indirect photolysis. In the presence of NOM, BDE-153 indirect photolysis was facilitated mainly by reaction with (NOM)-N-3* and center dot OH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive investigation of indirect photolysis of BDE-153 in water containing NOM. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All, rights reserved.

A simple and sensitive analytical methodology, based on enzyme-assisted extraction and nitrogen-blowing salt-induced solidified floating organic droplet microextraction (NS-SFODM), was developed and optimized for isolation and determination of clenbuterol (CLB) and ractopamine (RCT) in swine feeds. beta-Gluocronidase/arylsulphatase (50 mu L) was added into 2 g of powdery feed to eliminate interference and to improve extraction efficiency. In the NS-SFODM procedures, the down-layer salt and aqueous phase was discarded by opening the bottom cap, and the remaining solidified solvent was easily and relatively wholly collected by a medical spoon, resulting in a high extraction efficiency. The optimal parameters for NS-SFODM procedures and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) operations were as follows: 40 mu L of 2-DC as extraction solvent, sample pH of 12.0, saturated (NR4)(2)SO4 of 4.0 g, nitrogen-flowing time of 1.0 min, and 10.0 mM sodium tetraborate running buffer. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (at S/N =3) were 1.1 mu g/kg for RCT and 1.5 mu g/kg for CLB, the mean enrichment factors reached more than 124-fold and the extraction recoveries were more than 74.1% for CLB and RCT. The newly developed procedure is proved to be an accurate, precise and reliable sample-pretreatment method that substantially reduces sample matrix interference and gives very good enrichment factors and low detection limits for analyzing trace amount of CLB and RCT in feed samples. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Objective To explore the clinical value of fragmented QRS complexes (fQRS) for the disease of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 362 patients who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We divided the patients into two groups, fQRS and N-fQRS group, according to their electrocardiograms (ECG) during on admission. Comparatively statistical analyses were made on the data including clinical indexes, coronary angiogram, echocardiography and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results 132 cases were in fQRS group and 230 cases were in N-fQRS group. The incidence of fQRS was 36.46%. Patients of fQRS group usually had higher morbidity of LAD infarction and multi-vessel disease (53.8% vs 38.7%, 50.8% vs 33.9%, P<0.05). The fQRS group had higher CK-MB levels (P<0.05). The time from occurrence to on admission was also longer for the fQRS group (P<0.05). There were also lower left ventricular ejection fraction (P=0.001), more incidence of ventricular aneurysm (P=0.001), malignant arrhythmia (P<0.05) and higher heart function Killip Ⅲ-Ⅳ incidence (P=0.001) during hospitalization for the fQRS group. Cardiovascular death showed no significant difference between two groups (P=0.132). Conclusion The occurrence of fQRS can be a taken as a electro cardiology index to value the risk of maculopathy, heart function and malignant arrhythmia for acute STEMI patients during hospitalization.

目的:探讨Wellens综合征患者的临床特征,避免延误治疗.方法:回顾性分析2005-2013年Wellens综合征患者93例,2005-2010年52例延期治疗组为A组,2010-2013年41例及早治疗组为B组,观察发作时间、入院时心肌酶及电解质、冠脉造影特征、并发症、超声心动图等.结果:93例病例梗死相关血管都是前降支,两组由症状发作到入院时间、入院时心肌酶无明显差别(P＞0.05),但A组较B组的入院到再血管化治疗时间有明显差异(P＜0.05),A组10例(19.2％)进展为ST段抬高型心肌梗死,29例(55.8％)并发恶性心律失常,A组的室壁运动异常出现率高于B组(30.8％与12.2％,P=0.033);A组左心室扩大(48.9±3.9)mm:(46.5±4.5)mm、EF值(47.4±2.3)％:(52.3±2.6)％降低,与B组有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:充分认识Wellens综合征及T波改变,为前降支严重病变,易发生急性闭塞、心脏事件,需要及早再血管化治疗,减少并发症.

Objective In order to understand the quality of life with postmenopausal women with osteoporosis ( Postmenopausal osteoporosis , PMOP ) women patients in Wenzhou area .Methods 203 cases object were randomly observed according to the osteoporosis diagnosisthe standards are divided into normal group , bone mass loss and PMOP groups .Respectively , to detect the observed object of the lumbar spine L1 to 4 ( L1~4 ) anteroposterior bone mineral density , and to investigate their dietary behavior, exercise habits and quality of life projects .Results The results showed that: the greater the&nbsp;age, educational level is the lower , short stature, and BMI lower, the more the number of pregnancies , parity, the more easily infected by PMOP.Regular consumption of milk, soy milk, tea, regular consumption of aquatic products , beans, meat, eggs, fruits, nuts and monthly movement more frequently with high bone mineral density .After adjusting for age , education level , BMI and other confounding factors, tea, edible fruits, nuts, the number was positively correlated with BMD .through the observation to the reference range of BMD value for women in local Han postmenopausal .Conclusion ( 1 ) After menopause to 65 years of age, postmenopausal female should be the key control objects;(2) the proper exercise and maintaining a normal body mass index ( Body mass index , BMI ) is conducive to the maintenance of the lumbar BMD;(3) the dietary behavior , environmental factors and the region of BMD in postmenopausal women is closely related to .

Objective: To observe the changes of pain thresholds and P2X3 receptor expression in spinal cord of chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve model rats by unilateral and bilateral acupoints electroacupuncture treatment. Methods: The difference value of pain threshold was compared before and after the electroacupuncture by determining the 15th and fifth day pain threshold of rats after the model was successfully made. And the expressing of P2X3 receptor in spinal dorsal horn was detected by using immunohistochemistry. Results: ①In electroacupuncture groups,difference values of the pain threshold of rats were significantly increased compared with those of the model control group( P ﹤ 0. 01). In bilateral acupoints electroacupuncture group,rats' difference values of pain threshold all had significant differences compared separately with that of contralateral and ipsilateral acupoints electroacupuncture groups( P ﹤ 0. 01). Rats' difference values of pain threshold between contralateral and ipsilateral acupoints electroacupuncture groups had no significant difference( P 0. 05). ②In electroacupuncture groups,P2X3 receptor positive material expression in spinal dorsal horn of rats was decreased in different levels compared with that of model control group( P ﹤ 0. 01). Compared among electroacupuncture groups,P2X3 receptor expression in spinal dorsal horn of rats had no significant difference( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Electroacupuncture therapy may produce analgesia by suppressing P2X3 receptor expression in the spinal dorsal horn of CCI rats. When using electroacupuncture to treat chronic constriction injury pain of the sciatic nerve,bilateral acupoints have a stronger analgesic effect than unilateral acupoints.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(Hs-CRP) levels in predicting the type 2 diabetes(T2D) or impaired glucose regulation(IGR),further uncovering the association between serum levels of Hs-CRP and various risk factors associated to type 2 diabetic in Chinese.Methods: The study was conducted on subjects recruited in four community-based cohorts from August 2008 to January 2010,who divided into three groups,T2D,IGR and normal group(NG) according to the diagnostic standard of T2D or IGR.A series of analysis,including a questionnaire survey,physical examination,dietary survey and biochemical detection of glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,and hs-CRP were conducted.A total of 475 individuals were included and finally complete data were acquired from 438 individuals.Results: Compared among T2D,IGR and NG,no statistical significant difference was observed for the blood lipids in univariate analysis,after adjustment for age,body mass index,systolic and diastolic blood pressure and other factors.HsCRP showed low correlation with insulin(r=0.299,P =0.011) in NG,whereas no correlation was found between males and females.Furthermore,Hs-CRP was associated with glycosylated hemoglobin(r=0.156,P =0.0003) and serum C peptide(r=0.127,P =0.027).However,no correlation with insulin,carbohydrate tolerance and bloodfasting glucose can be observed.In the multiple-adjusted models,the apolipoprotein A,glycosylated hemoglobin,body mass index(BMI),blood glucose,glucose tolerance,serum C peptide and apolipoprotein B were all the factor of influence of T2D.However,data showed that serum levels of Hs-CRP were not included in the prediction of T2D.Conclusion: These results suggest that clinical value of serum Hs-CRP in predicting T2D or IGR was relatively limited and needs further investigation.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of semis tirofiban by thrombelastogram(TEG) in advanced aged patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:A total of 126 advanced aged ACS patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) were randomly and equally divided into semis group and full dose group for tirofiba treatment.Both groups routinely received aspirin and clopidogrel,and received tirofiban before PCI.TEG change was monitored in two groups before and 12h after PCI.Adverse reactions during admission(hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia) and major cardiovascular events(death,re-infarction,target vessel revascularization and subacute thrombosis in stent) within 30d were observed in two groups.Results:Compared with before PCI,there were significant decrease in o angle[semis group:(61.3 ± 14.7)° vs.(38.5± 8.2)°,full dose group:(58.7±12.8)° vs.(36.1 ± 5.7)*]and maximum amplitude[MA,semis group:(49.3 ± 17.8) mm vs.(24.8 ± 12.5) mm,full dose group:(54.2 ± 19.6) mm vs.(21.4 ± 13.6) mm],and significant increase in adenyl diphosphoric acid(ADP) induced platelet inhibition rate[semis dose group:(27.5 ± 14.3)%vs.(69.3 ± 18.2)%,full dose group:(32.4 ±15.2)%vs.(72.6 ±20.3)%]in both groups 12h after PCI,P0.01 all.There were no significant difference in all TEG indexes between two groups before and 12h after PCI,P0.05.Compared with semis group,there were slight increase in incidence rates of hemorrhage(11.1%vs.17.5%) and thrombocytopenia(9.5%vs.11.1%),but no significant difference(P0.05) during admission in full dose group.There was no significant difference in incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events(15.9%vs.14.3%,P0.05) during follow up between semis group and full dose group.Conclusion:Semis tirofiban is relatively safe and effective in advanced aged patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention,and may be worth extending in clinic.

Objective:To compare the expression changes of Substance P gene in spinal cord of chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve model rats by sick side,healthy side and bilateral sides electro-acupuncture treatment.Methods:After CCI model was successfully made,35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into false group(Group J),control group(Group A),sick side electro-acupuncture group(Group B,),healthy side electro-acupuncture group(Group C),bilateral sides electro-acupuncture group(Group D).Each electro-acupuncture group was treated for 9 days,then the changes of pain threshold before and after the electro-acupuncture were observed;and the expression of SP gene in spinal dorsal horn was detected by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Result:Compared among Group B,C and D:the value of Z/R Reinheit Zahl of SP gene and β-actin was:Group D<Group B<Group C,there was difference between each other(P<0.05).Analyzing correlation between SP gene and difference value of the pain threshold:sp gene expression in rats spinal dorsal horn and difference value of the pain threshold had obvious statistic correlationship(P<0.01).Conclusion:Electro-acupuncture applied separately in ST36 and GB 34 on sick side,healthy side and bilateral sides,generated the analgesia function by suppressing SP gene expression in rats spinal dorsal horn.

OBJECTIVE:To explore clinical characteristics and replantation methods of degloving injury of distal finger.METHODS:From 2004 to 2009,18 cases of 19 distal finger degloving were admitted, and included 14 males and 4 femals with an average age of 31 years old ranging from 18 to 51 years old. The distal finger degloving injury was divided into 3 types according to the different levels of degloveing digital artery and skin involving 6 fingers of type I, 10 fingers of type II, 3 fingers of type III. Among them, 3 cases of 4 fingers were failed to be replantaed due to severed injured digital artery, and 15 cases of 15 distal finger degloving injury were replanted with microsurgical technique.RESULTS:Among 15 patients (15 fingers) conpleted the reimplant operation, 13 fingers were survived, 2 fingers were necrosis after operation. Thirteen survived fingers were followed up from 6 to 24 months (averaged 14 months). The appearance of injured fingers and nails obtained satisfactory results. According to Chinese Hand Surgery Society Criteria for function assessment replantation, the results were excellent in 9 cases, good in 3 cases and poor in 1.CONCLUSION:Replantation of distal degloving injury is effective and it should strive for replantation.

To investigate the relationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP)and the estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms(ERα)and other relevant factors,203 postmenopausal women were randomly selected and divided into normal group,bone mass loss group and PMOP groups according to the osteoporosis diagnosis standards,their Lumbar BMD were measured,and genotypes were detected,meanwhile their dietary behavior and exercise habits etc were surveyed.The result shows:(1)Older age,lower educational level.shorter height,lower weight and BMI,more pregnancies and childbirth were related with PMOP.Intake of more Milk,soy milk,tea,sea food,beans or bean products,meet,eggs,fruit,nuts and more exercise monthly were associated with high BMD.After adjusting for age,educational level,BMI and other confounding factors,intake more tea,fruits and nuts were positively correlated with BMD.(2)There was no relationship between ERα found in this study,which suggest that dietary behavior,environmental factors and PMOP are closely related,but the association of ERα polymorphisms and BMD is not clear,the predictive value of osteoporosis needs further study.

Objective: To probe the relationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP)and the estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms and other relevant factors.Methods: Two hundred and three postmenopausal women were randomly selected and devided into nomal control group,bone loss group and PMOP group.Lumbar BMD was measured,and genotypes were detected.Meanwhile,the dietary behavior and exercise of the women were also surveyed.Results: Age,lower educational level.shorter height,lower weight,BMI,more pregnancies and childbirth were related with PMOP.Intake of more milk,soy milk,tea,sea food,beans or bean products,meet,eggs,fruit,nuts and more exercise monthly were associated with high BMD.The frequencies distribution of PvuII was PP:26.6%,pp:27.6% and Pp:45.8%,respectively,and the frequencies distribution of XbaI was XX:9.9%,xx:57.1% and Xx:33%,respectively.Logistic regression indicated that age,coffee and XbaI XX were the risk factors of bone loss,the high degree of culture,BMI,often drinking tea or intake of fruit were the protection factors of PMOP.Conclusion: The frequen-cies distribution of ERα is different from other regions,and the relationship between BMD is not clear,the predictive value on PMOP remains to need further study.Close relationship between and dietary behavior and environmental factors is found in our rcescarch.

Objective To investigate the measurement and the range of CT value in lumbar vertebral cancellous bone of healthy elderly population,in order to provide basis for early diagnosis of osteoporosis in multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT).Methods Totally 102 cases of healthy elderly population over 60 years were included in the study.BMD value of lumbar(L1-L4) and hip were measured by DEXA.All cases performed lumbar MSCT scan.The CT value of cancellous bone in pedical level of lumbar 3 was measured by zone 9 and zone 1 methods.Based on BMD value by DEXA,the difference of two CT value measurement was compared by statistical methods.The normal extent of every variable was determined by unilateral 95% confidence interval.Results According to WHO diagnositic standard,the BMD value of the group by DEXA was within the normal range.The mean and standard deviation of CT value was 165.4±26.7HU for male,157.7±28.9 for female by zone 9 method,and 169.6±27.2HU for male,163.4±29.3HU for female by zone 1 methods.There was no significant difference between two measurement methods at the mean and standard deviation of CT value.By the data of zone 1 methods,the minimum CT value of cancellous bone in pedical level of lumbar 3 was 124.9HU for male and 115.2HU for female.Conclusion The CT measurement value of lumbar vertebral cancellous bone was a sensitive method to detect the change of lumbar BMD.Establishment of CT value range in lumbar vertebral cancellous bone of healthy elderly population can provide a strong basis for clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis.The diagnosis of osteoporosis can be suggested when the CT value was below 120.0HU for male and 110.0HU for female.