With the rapid development of consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicles（UAVs）, aerial photographs from UAVs become a new source of data for destination image research, and provide support for the observation perspective from the ground to the sky. Taking Tibet as the research object, this study used UAV aerial photos, text profiles and location coordinates in the forum "SkyPixel", based on the "cognitive-emotion" model in destination image perception theory, applied computer vision analysis, social network analysis, computer text sentiment analysis and GIS spatial analysis to explore the perception of destination image in Tibet from the perspective of UAVs. The research results show that: The natural landscape accounts for the largest proportion of all visual cognitive images, and the majestic mountains and magnificent water features are the most prominent visual scenes of Tibet from the perspective of UAVs.The text profile of the photo is dominated by positive emotions, and the number of positive descriptions is far more than neutral and negative emotions. Negative emotions mainly come from the impact of difficult environments on shooting and self-driving. The overall image of Tibet is reflected in the magnificent plateau scenery and unique Tibetan architecture, specifically in four aspects: "magnificent mountains and rivers", "holy waters", "plateau idyll" and "Tibetan architecture", and the overall image perception is positive. The spatial distribution of the visual image reveals a pattern of "One core and multi-segment areas" distributed in "east-west direction". Finally, this study explored the ground-sky transition mechanism of Tibet destination visual image from four aspects: UAV photographer, UAV equipment, UAV perspective, destination visual marketing and construction, and put forward optimization suggestions for Tibet destination image construction based on the characteristics of environmental resources and UAVs.

本文基于实地田野调查和在线网络访谈获取的案例资料,在社会—生态系统视角下揭示被拐儿童原生家庭的压力与认知、结构与功能、风险与韧性变化,构建原生家庭的风险应对策略.结果表明:拐卖事件在短时间内对原生家庭造成强烈冲击,而寻亲活动与寻亲成功后的多重要素在长时间内对原生家庭造成持续扰动.微观尺度中家庭成员面临的压力挑战与观念认知影响着原生家庭的变化.在中观尺度,拐卖破坏了家庭"三角关系"结构,呈现离散型、聚合型和中间型三种家庭类型,直接导致原生家庭的经济功能、健康照顾功能、家庭抚育功能与情感功能衰退.在宏观尺度,由于原生家庭受到外部因素的扰动程度各不相同,他们经历的风险阶段以及在每个阶段停留的时间长短各有差异,原生家庭的韧性强度也存在一定差异,呈现非线性和异质性的复杂特征.

Child trafficking has been repeatedly criminalized and has become a timely and important issue of concern to society and academia. Most existing studies focus on macro-analyses and lack a memory-space discussion based on typical trafficking cases. Based on case data extracted from the "Baobeihuijia" public service platform, this study explores the memory space/map pattern and its influencing elements in the process of seeking for relatives of trafficked children. Text analysis, cognitive map analysis, and case studies were used. The results show the following: (1) The memory space of trafficked children is composed of local, family, and individual knowledge. Local knowledge includes the natural physical environment and social and cultural environment factors; family knowledge includes family member information, kinship, and other elements; and individual knowledge includes factors such as self-identification characteristics and the clothing they were wearing. (2) The memory space of trafficked children is formed in their daily activity space, which is the memory of the objective characteristics of their hometown and a combination of geographical space and humanistic emotion. With an increase in children's age and changes over time, the elements of their memory space will change accordingly, enabling them to form unique individual memories in different stages and times. Changes in children's living environments make it easy to shape complex memory spaces. (3) The memory map of trafficked children has three modes: a multifactor mixed memory map, spatial layout memory map, and single-element dominant memory map. The multifactor mixed memory map relies on a variety of sensory cognitions to form complex memory content. The multifactor positioning of the hometown area promotes the success of seeking relatives. The spatial layout memory map is mainly based on a hand-drawn complete map, which is spatial and to scale, and plays a two-way perception function to help native families and volunteers identify information and promote the success of seeking relatives. The single-element dominant memory map uses landmarks and place names as key elements to accurately locate the geographical location of trafficked children's families. However, these elements are not easily remembered, and the process of seeking relatives depends mainly on other elements. (4) Children leave a deep impression of places of frequent contact in their daily activities; uniquely shaped road and surface waters are more likely to form memory and become important promoting factors in the process of seeking relatives; the combination of place names, dialects, customs, and place names and landmarks have become key elements in the success of seeking relatives. This study draws on memory space-related research methods with case studies as the core from an individual perspective, selects trafficked children as research objects, and explores the influence of trafficked children's memory space and memory maps on the search process from the perspective of geographical memory space. This study enriches the research on memory space and is a positive attempt to expand the related literature.

The crime of trafficking has a long history of causing serious harm to the victims, their families, and social stability, which has aroused widespread concern from the public and academic circles. Studies have shown that the southwest region of China has the highest incidence of trafficking crimes; thus, this study examines the trial data of Chinese judgment documents of the southwestern regions (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Chongqing) from 2008 to 2020. The study comprehensively uses text analysis, mathematical statistics, spatial analysis, and negative binomial regression test to explore spatial and temporal variation patterns and the factors influencing them. The study then proposes countermeasures for prevention, control, and management. The research shows that: (1) The overall high incidence of trafficking crimes occurred in the period 2009-2014, showing a wavy pattern of "three peaks and two valleys." The "three peaks" occurred in 2009, 2012, and 2014, whereas the "two valleys" occurred in 2010 and 2013. The highest incidence was in December, with the next highest incidences concentrated in May, June, July, and September for women, and May, July, August and September for children. On the whole, trafficking crimes occurred mostly in the summer months. The four provinces have had different degrees of inter-year and inter-month variations in the trafficking of women and children. (2) The overall spatial distribution is in the shape of a significant "southeast-northwest" axis, which is highly consistent with the boundary line between Sichuan and Chongqing, Yunnan, and Guizhou, and the inter-provincial border area is a hotspot for trafficking crimes. The provincial spatial distribution is the highest in Yunnan Province and the lowest in Chongqing. Trafficking mostly occurs at medical care institutions, stations, and rural residences with a large flow of people. (3) Negative binomial regression analysis of the random effects panel shows the incidence of trafficking crimes as influenced by the gender ratio of the population and the number of urban and rural residents' minimum living standards, while the per capita disposable income of rural residents, the registered urban unemployment rate, the child dependency ratio,and the volume of passenger transport have negative effects; whereas the population sex ratio, passenger traffic, and the number of urban and rural residents on the minimum subsistence allowance have a greater impact on the crime of trafficking of women. Finally, based on the analysis of the influencing factors, the three aspects of strengthening social construction, innovating prevention mechanisms, and strengthening combating mechanisms are proposed as the prevention and control countermeasures, with a view to dismantle the breeding ground for the crime of trafficking of women and children.

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情已在多地蔓延,给人类健康安全和全球社会经济发展造成了极大的危害.解析疫情传播途径和时空演化过程对于疫情的深入研究和有效防控具有重要意义.文章基于阜阳市官方通报的155例确诊病例详情及相关P O I数据,综合应用数理统计、文本分析、空间分析等方法,深入探析阜阳市确诊病例的社会人口学特征与疫情的时空演化过程.结果表明:①确诊病例男性多于女性,集中分布在25～59岁;以外地感染为主、本地感染为辅;聚集单元多为3～5人,以亲友传播为主、邻里传播为辅.②在时间上,阜阳市疫情发展经历了"外省输入期—省内扩散期—稳定控制期"3个阶段,确诊病例逐日数量变化呈现"四峰"波动态势;多数病例发病至就诊间隔0～3d;累计治愈人数呈"先缓中猛后停"之势,大多病例于确诊后20d内治愈.③在空间上,阜阳市疫情始终以西南部临泉县、阜南县最为高发;疫情小区表现为"3组团多片区",呈西北—东南走向,且随时间逐渐向西部转移,与人群聚集地分布趋同.④97％的疫情小区位于定点医疗机构30km(1h车程)范围内,可基本满足病例就诊需求.最后,总结了阜阳市疫情的形成机制并提出针对性的防控策略,指出了今后需要深入研究的方向.

The study is based on multi-source data of the public welfare platform "Baby Coming Home" website, trafficking case data from "China Judgments Online," and the major historical cases of trafficking detected by search engines, with a focus on Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, a province with a high incidence of women and children trafficking in China. It uses mathematical statistics, case analysis, spatial analysis, and other methods to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of the trafficking of women and children in Guangxi. The results show that: 1) The perpetrators are mainly male, in the 20-55 age group, with low education levels and obvious gang characteristics. Regarding age, the victims show "double peak" characteristics of the young peak (infants), in which the infants are mainly male, and the older secondary peak (women). The buyers' education level is mainly junior high school or below, and most are farmers or unemployed. 2) The inter-annual change in the trafficking of women and children in Guangxi shows a "dune" trend, which is divided into four stages: low incidence, high incidence, medium high fluctuation, and continuous decline periods. 3) At the city level, the number of trafficked minors is generally positively correlated with the population of the city. Regarding the trafficking routes, the overall trafficking path shows the pattern of "Guangxi is the source area, and Guangdong, Fujian, and North China are the main confluence areas." The trafficking routes into Guangxi mainly show the characteristics of "surrounding and cross-border trafficking." Gender has a great impact on the trafficking path. The boys mainly turned to Fujian and Guangdong, which are relatively concentrated, and the girls mainly turned to Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Hebei and Shandong, which are highly dispersed. 4) The special geographical location creates a unique social, economic, and cultural environment in Guangxi. Under the combined action of various pushing and pulling forces, the trafficking of women and children in Guangxi has occurred and expanded, and finally formed a unique criminal network.

This study aimed to observe the sociodemographic characteristics of Chinese senior officials who have committed duty crimes as well as the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of their work place and the social network between the offenders. Further, this study aimed to investigate the formation mechanism of Chinese duty crimes and suggest prevention and control measures. Thus, we conducted text analysis, mathematical statistics, and spatial analysis based on data from 321 officials who were at sub-provincial level or above and committed crimes in China from 1985 to 2020. The results showed that: (1) The number of male officials were significantly higher than their female counterparts, the majority of officials who first disciplined and violated laws were middle-aged, and most of them were middle-aged and older adults when they were disciplined. The criminal charges were mainly corruption and bribery, and crimes mainly occurred in the energy enterprise, government department, and central government-led enterprise. (2) In terms of time, the first time the officials disciplined and violated the laws were concentrated between 1988 and 2008, showing "high fluctuation with three peaks at 1994, 2000, and 2003." The number of offenders showed the trend of "four peaks" and can be divided in to two groups: 2001 and 2004, 2014 and 2017, first increased slightly and thereafter rapidly. After 2011, the number has increased approximately straight, indicating social and economic changes and anti-corruption efforts. (3) Regarding space, most officials resided in North China, East China, and Central China, with hotspots appearing in Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing, and parts of Henan, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces. The officials' work places were concentrated in North China, East China, and Central China, with hotspots and clusters in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and Shanxi provinces with a few clusters in Henan, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guangdong provinces. Most of the officials who changed their places of employment moved to Beijing until they were disciplined, and 36.57% of them worked in their hometown until discipline. The radiation effect of the offenders' criminal behavior appeared to rely on geo-relationships and relatives and friends, take the officials themselves as the center, the members of the officials' social network relations are the key nodes to radiate outward, the criminal trajectories forming the "mobile criminal network" with characteristics of personal life trajectories. (4) Public choice theory can explain the emergence of duty crimes. Officials will take their own conditions and external environment into consideration, compare the costs and benefits of the crime and decide whether to commit duty crimes. These findings suggest that duty crimes can be comprehensively prevented and managed from various aspects.

As a crime that threatens public safety and social stability, child trafficking has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society. Few studies have been conducted on child trafficking, especially in the literature review conducted from the perspective of comparison between China and abroad, which makes it difficult to fully reveal the system and development of current research. This study clarifies the thematic structure and development of child trafficking in China and abroad, based on the "Web of ScienceTM Core Collection" and CNKI data sources, using CiteSpace software. Specifically, the study comparatively examines the progress of child trafficking studies in China and abroad since 2000 and analyzes future development trends from the time of publication, regional and subject distribution, research institutions, and keyword co-occurrence. We hope that this work provides a relatively complete and objective understanding for innovative future research. The results indicate that: (1) the research on child trafficking started earlier abroad, and the theoretical system and research methods are relatively mature. From 2000 to 2020, a total of 215 articles were published in Web of Science, showing two stages of fluctuating and rapid growth, and USA ranks first worldwide. There are 46 core articles published in CNKI, showing two stages of initial exploration and fluctuating growth overall, with a relatively slow growth rate in China. More studies are distributed in the fields of social studies, psychology, pediatrics, family studies and criminology in abroad, while domestic studies are mainly distributed in the field of law, criminology and sociology. In recent years, the research in the field of geography has risen rapidly, and there is ample room for development. (2) Due to the differences in regional environment and national conditions, international child trafficking is part of a study on human trafficking, which is mainly for the purpose of exploitation, including direct and indirect exploitation, involving various topics such as commercial sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, trafficking human organs, child marriage trafficking, and other types of trafficking. Commercial trafficking and sexual exploitation are the main research hotspots of child trafficking. Child trafficking in China is usually discussed in combination with the trafficking of women, focusing on the provincial trafficking for the purpose of adoption, and "family control" and "lured adoption" are common ways of committing crimes. The legal policy and social reasons surrounding child trafficking are hot topics of concern. (3) With the increase in interdisciplinary integration, child trafficking involves suicide risk and well-being, rehabilitation and return to society, child protection and trafficking prevention and control measures, which have become popular topics abroad. The theme of domestic child trafficking has extended from focusing on legal policies and social reasons to spatial-temporal patterns, influencing factors, resettlement, and social integration. In the future, how to integrate the relevant parties involved in child trafficking (criminals, victims or guardians, and other people) with the spatio-temporal environment (social environment, built environment, and surrounding people flow environment), and explore the evolution of geographical factors and the spatio-temporal activity trajectory of child trafficking from the perspective of criminal geography? It is important to deeply analyze the occurrence mechanism of child trafficking from the interactive perspective of time, space, and humans. How to make full use of the modern technological means to track and combat child trafficking in practice, to contribute to the prevention and management of this issue at home and abroad, constitutes a key question.

The crime of human trafficking is an abnormal (involuntary, passive) phenomenon of population migration (disappearance, persecution); it has attracted great attention from the public and academic community because of its resultant social harm and far-reaching impacts on individuals and families. Constrained by the concealment, dispersion, variability, and complexity of the crime of human trafficking in China, the perspectives of earlier research topics were relatively clustered and limited. During the last 10 years, geographers have gradually achieved certain new understandings and progress through continuous exploration. From the perspective of the related sub-disciplines of geography, this study focuses on the main progress, existing issues, future trends, and crime governance paths to review studies on the crime of human trafficking in China. The results indicate the following: (1) Regarding the interdisciplinary situation: The crime of human trafficking is a social pain point of common concern among multiple disciplines. Geography has the advantage of being a latecomer and its integration with other disciplines will help understand the problem in depth and solve it systematically. Geographers will have a broad stage for future research in the field of human trafficking crimes. (2) Regarding the research objects: The earlier studies on the crime of child trafficking in China in the international context were actually subject studies of human trafficking in the Chinese criminal law context. The crime of human trafficking in China is unique compared to other countries and other types of crimes. (3) Regarding the research data: In the past, the data sources mainly comprised non-governmental organizations and individuals. The current data sources show the co-occurrence of non-governmental and official sources and the trend of the integration of offline and online availability. The integration and utilization of multi-source data will be the main path to future studies. (4) Regarding field investigation: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact and the upgrading of related family tracing means, field investigation has opened up new ways, and online investigations (online interviews, participatory observation in live broadcasting rooms, etc.) have become complementary or alternative channels of traditional field investigations and surveys. (5) Regarding patterns and trends: Based on the update and verification of available data, it is found that the stability of the spatiotemporal pattern of trafficking crimes and the dependence on the main routes in China, and cross-border and inter-provincial border areas, are worthy of attention. Future research trend will shift from being independent to comprehensive—from a quantitative study to a qualitative or mixed study; from case numbers to individuals, families, and their social networks; from the source area to the bridging of source, flow, and sink areas; and from a type of human trafficking to multi-type comparisons of missing persons. (6) Regarding measures and suggestions: Combined with the existing research knowledge and current crime trends, this study presents overall strategies and specific paths for dealing with the crime of human trafficking and assisting the abducted and their relatives.

线上、线下与物流融合发展的"新零售"模式为零售业注入了新的活力,针对"新零售"模式发展过程中末端物流网络暴露的问题,探索其与物流终端自提点对接的优化方案,有助于提升新零售末端物流服务质量与效率.基于深圳市盒马鲜生、菜鸟驿站及相关设施兴趣面(Area Of Interest,AOI)、兴趣点(Point Of Interest,POI)数据,综合运用空间分析、定量统计等方法,探究社区化新零售与物流终端自提点代表之间的对接基础与可行性路径,提出优化方案并模拟对接后的优化效果.研究发现:①深圳市盒马鲜生提供新零售服务,门店分散均匀分布,多选址于商圈边缘,存在较多服务空白区.菜鸟驿站主要提供快递自提服务,服务范围较大且呈连片覆盖,对各类设施的覆盖度均较高,站点多邻近设施出入口.②盒马鲜生与菜鸟驿站均以市场为导向,以社区为主要服务对象,分别位于城市商服圈与社区生活圈中,提供末端物流的不同解决方案,在运营模式、服务对象、空间分布方面均具有较强的对接可行性.③新零售企业可通过由"自营"向"自营+释放"物流配送模式转变,构建"新零售门店-配送员-自提点-社区居民"的商品配送链,实现其末端物流网络优化.④通过模拟可知,对接后盒马鲜生服务范围、设施覆盖率显著提高,且能够在各类区域中适应不同消费场景,优化效果显著.

基于新冠疫情期间的谣言数据,综合运用文本分析、统计分析与空间分析等方法探究其基本传播特征,揭示其时空分异规律,进而探究其治理对策.结果 表明:①疫情期间谣言内容方式的传播以文本为主,且主要与确诊病例和具体事件相关,微信为其主要传播平台.②谣言产生时间存在较大不确定性和波动性;部分谣言与热点舆情事件相关,传播周期较短;且与事件相关的谣言大多存在延迟现象.③谣言的空间分布不均衡,不存在显著的空间自相关,主要集中于东南沿海地区,与疫情状况和人口分布呈现正相关.④运用拉斯韦尔线性传播框架探索了疫情期间谣言传播的时空分异机制,并将谣言传播分为形成期、暴发期及衰退期,进而提出针对性的谣言治理对策.

社区化新零售是城市商服圈与社区生活圈交织的特殊空间场域,其空间布局与选址值得深入探究.基于社区化新零售代表盒马鲜生在成都市12家门店官方服务范围的兴趣面数据及其周边社区、大学、餐饮、超市等兴趣点数据,综合运用文本分析、数理统计、空间分析等方法,探析盒马鲜生的空间布局、区位选址及其影响因素.研究发现:成都市盒马鲜生在市域空间上呈现以天府广场为中心的斜A状分布于中心城区中部二环至四环之间,数量呈现"高-低-低"分布;盒马鲜生以"点"状门店与"面"状服务区相结合的形式布局,服务范围形态受到社区布局、道路网络和地貌景观等的影响;区位选择倾向于服务范围内小区分布较多、具有一定基础人流量、地租相对适中、道路交通便捷程度高的商圈边缘或外围地带,地点上主要位于商场负一层;盒马鲜生主要服务对象为社区,其次为大学、企业、园区,主要竞争对手为综合超市、其他新零售门店和餐饮店铺,其规模、商品类型、空间分布等对盒马鲜生布局存在影响.最后,从宏观到微观多尺度整合的视角探索了社区化新零售空间布局的影响机制,提出了针对性的优化建议和未来的研究方向.

: With the rapid development of civilian unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, UAV aerial photography has become an important data source for urban image perception research. Based on the photos, text introduction, shooting location, and related data of UAVs photos of Xi'an City obtained from the social media platform SkyPixel, this study used computer vision analysis, computer text emotion analysis, social network analysis, and GIS spatial analysis to explore the city image of Xi'an from the perspective of UAV. The research results show that: 1) UAV aerial photography photos are mainly concentrated in the main urban areas, and there are fewer aerial data points in the suburb. The spatial distribution of photos presents a pattern of dense inside and sparse outside, with the highest density area in the center of the city at the junction zone of the three districts, showing a dumbbell- type distribution extending from the north to south. 2) The visual images are mostly of modern urban landscape description, of which the content of human landscape is dominant. 3) Emotion evaluation presents an overall positive feeling, and the polarization of the popular tourist attractions is obvious in the main urban area. Finally, this study explored the mechanism of city image formation and promotion from the perspective of UAV, and provided recommendations for the optimization of Xi'an city image construction and UAV use policy.

The sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an unexpected emergency event in human society, is spreading globally and has severe impacts on human health and social development Based on the confirmed COVID-19 cases' details manually extracted from the official reports and the relevant Point of Interest (POI) data, this paper aims to explore the sociodemographic characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases and examine the spatio-temporal evolution patterns on different spatial scales in China by using text analysis, spatial analysis and other methods Furthermore, we provide targeted measures for prevention and control of this epidemic The results indicate that: (1) In contrast to the twenty-four solar terms, the epidemic started at Heavy Snow, ran rampant in the Beginning of Spring, declined in the Awakening of Insects, and stagnated at the Vernal Equinox It experienced four stages: the early period of Wuhan dominant outbreak, the middle period of cross-country diffusion, the later period of Wuhan dominant decline and the ending period of rare local epidemic transmission (2) The spatial distribution presents a pattern of one core, two arcs and multiple islands, mainly affected by the distance to Wuhan and the flow of population;the spatial evolution is manifested in the mode of outbreak-cluster occurrence-dispersion occurrence-point occurrence The core aggregation area in each stage was located in Hubei province Finally, by integrating the influencing factors and effective measures of the epidemic evolution in China, this paper proposes effective countermeasures for the spread of the current epidemic and the coordinated development of human resources in response to similar challenges in the future, which are manifested in instant response, coordinated cooperation, regular prevention and control, and strict prevention of importation, etc Also, the directions of in-depth study in the future are pointed out © 2020, Science Press All right reserved

开展个体人群水平的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情时空扩散研究,有助于疫情防控和资源配置.以距离中国疫情始发地武汉较远但疫情高发的深圳市为研究区,基于官方公布的确诊病例数据、人工判读采集的病例详情及城市内部相关POI数据等,综合运用文本分析、数理统计、空间分析等方法,解析深圳市COVID-19确诊病例的流行病学特征和疫情的时空演化过程,综合探索疫情防控对策.结果 表明:(1)确诊病例总体覆盖全年龄段,主要集中于青壮年,多源于外地感染和2代感染,以家庭集聚型传播居多,以跨省市的“线形”迁移扩散模式为主.(2)疫情时间演变经历“低发期—增长期—减缓期—尾声期”4个发展阶段;治愈病例数呈现“由缓增到快增”的演变过程;确诊病例自发病至入院时间间隔多为0～2 d,入院至确诊时间间隔集中为1～3 d.(3)空间分布上,确诊病例主要表现为“由湖北直达”与“经湖北停留”的空间迁移类型,出行目的以春节探亲为主;疫情小区空间布局呈“东北-西南”走向,主要围绕“两核”集聚于西南片区.(4)市域风险总体呈现“两核三片”分布,高风险地区位于南山区南部和福田区中心.最后结合疫情所处阶段特点、复工复产需要和境外输入等新风险,提出了基于“实时、日常、常态”“社区、片区、市域”“个体、家庭、社会”的“时-空-人”互馈协同精准防控对策体系.

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