Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are potentially life-threatening and an urgent threat to public health. The present study aims to clarify the characteristics of carbapenemase-encoding and virulent plasmids, and their interactions with the host bacterium. A total of 425 Kp isolates were collected from the blood of BSI patients from nine Chinese hospitals, between 2005 and 2019. Integrated epidemiological and genomic data showed that ST11 and ST307 Kp isolates were associated with nosocomial outbreak and transmission. Comparative analysis of 147 Kp genomes and 39 completely assembled chromosomes revealed extensive interruption of acrR by ISKpn26 in all Kp carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2)-producing ST11 Kp isolates, leading to activation of the AcrAB-Tolc multidrug efflux pump and a subsequent reduction in susceptibility to the last-resort antibiotic tigecycline and six other antibiotics. We described 29 KPC-2 plasmids showing diverse structures, two virulence plasmids in two KPC-2-producing Kp, and two novel multidrug-resistant (MDR)-virulent plasmids. This study revealed a multifactorial impact of KPC-2 plasmid on Kp, which may be associated with nosocomial dissemination of MDR isolates.

CRKP has been registered in the critical priority tier by the World Health Organization and has become a significant menace to public health. The emergence of CR-HvKP is of great concern in terms of both disease and treatment.

Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity. Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous, but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators. Although they are known to be epizoochorous seed dispersers, their role as endozoochorous seed dispersers needs reassessment. We examined potential endozoochory in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) at Dalongtan in Shennongjia National Park, central China, by assessing potential germination of ingested seeds (n = 1806, 9 species) from fecal samples. Intact seeds were in almost all fecal samples (ranging from 5-130 seeds), and ingested seeds were from small seeded species (seed width <4.5 mm). The 2 most abundant species were Actinidia arguta (73%) and Rosa caudata (15%). The fruits of A. arguta were unripe when ingested (i.e. effective seed predation) and the ingested seeds did not germinate in the trials. Therefore, ingestion of unripe seeds does not lead to effective seed dispersal. However, germination rates of defecated R. caudata (9%) were greater than control seeds (6% and 0%), demonstrating potential endozoochorous seed dispersal. Thus, colobine monkeys do indeed disperse mainly small-seeded from multi-seeded fruits through potential endozoochory and this process enhances the recruitment of seedlings.

Relaxed open-mouth display serves important social functions in relation to submission, reconciliation, affiliation and reassurance among non-human primate societies; however, quantitative evidence on this behavior remains insufficient among multi-level social groups. From July to November 2016, we examined four potential functions of the relaxed open-mouth display during pairwise, intra-unit social interactions among 18 free-ranging adult and sub-adult golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) who belonged to three one-male, multi-female units (OMU) at Dalongtan, Shennongjia National Park, China. Results showed that: compared with no relaxed open-mouth display, (1) the occurrence of displacement by a dominant individual approaching a subordinate was lower and the distance of the subordinate to the approaching dominant was shorter when the subordinate showed open-mouth display; (2) relaxed open-mouth display reduced the probability of continued attack for victims of aggression and allowed victims to achieve closer proximity to the aggressor during post-conflict periods; (3) relaxed open-mouth display by dominant individuals allowed them to achieve closer proximity to subordinates; and (4) the exchange of relaxed open-mouth display had a greater impact on the outcome of interactions than one individual alone giving this signal. These findings suggest that relaxed open-mouth display serves important functions regarding submission, reconciliation, affiliation and reassurance in coordinating social interactions within OMUs in golden snub-nosed monkeys.

Seed predation and dispersal by mammals are two key processes affecting the dynamics of plant populations and regeneration of forest trees. Colobine monkeys often consume fruits and are usually assumed to be seed predators, but their role as seed dispersers is unclear, especially dispersal universality of small seeds by colobine species. We conducted feeding experiments using the fruits of twelve tree species on four captive individuals of golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) at the breeding center in Shennongjia National Park. A large proportion of seeds (mean: 70.1%; range: 34.7-100.0%) were destroyed on passing through the digestive tract of the monkeys. The mean retention time (MRT) of seeds in the gut of monkeys was approximately 36 h (range: 28.4-41.7 h). Furthermore, the percentages of seed destruction (PSD) varied among plant species, as did the MRT. But neither PSD nor MRT was correlated with seed size. Golden snub-nosed monkeys appear to be both mild seed predators and potential seed dispersers, particularly of seeds less than 4.3 mm wide. The dispersal of seeds of Celastrus orbiculatus and Rubia ovatifolia may be positively affected by these primates. The role of colobine monkeys for seed dispersal need to be further attention in the future studies. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Although many primates are identified as effective endozoochorous seed dispersers in forest ecosystems, epizoochorous seed dispersal by primates has generally been overlooked. In this study, we report epizoochorous seed dispersal in a group of free-ranging golden snub-nosed monkeys ( Rhinopithecus roxellana ) residing in the temperate forests of central China by identifying seeds carried by 12 well-habituated individuals. The results showed a total of 1920 seeds (five families, seven genera) belonging to eight plant species attached to the monkeys’ fur; the three most abundant species were Geum aleppicum (54% of the total), Torilis japonica (17%), and Agrimonia pilosa (14%). The majority of seeds (95.3%) that attached to the monkeys’ fur had special morphologies such as hairs, hooks, or awns. We also found that the quantity of seeds attached to the fur was not significantly different by age-sex class, even though adult males have very long fur. Our study provides the first empirical evidence of epizoochorous seed dispersal by primates and suggests the role of primates in seed dispersal may be greater than previously assumed.

我国现代大学教育研究机构是在新教育中国化运动背景下诞生的;其创设主旨也是为了进一步服务于新教育的中国化;其在创办后的实际运作中,亦是以推进新教育中国化为主要工作内容,开展了教育研究与实践活动,出版了各类教育刊物和丛书,为我国新教育中国化的理论和实践探索作出了重要贡献。

学术论文写作规范知识是硕士生应具备的基本知识和技能,但从调查的460篇已刊论文分析可见,一些文科硕士生对论文写作规范知识尚欠缺.本文分析其成因,并提出了一些策略,这于保证硕士生学术论文的质量不乏现实意义.

The quality of higher education teaching is of vital importance to the survival and the development of institutions of higher learning.Young teachers,the chief part of the teaching staff,exert a great influence on the overall teaching quality.In order to contribute to the improvement of the higher education quality,they should cherish a deep love and a great passion for their work,become men of considerable culture and have a good knowledge of their specialties.

The theoretic renormalization group approach is applied to the study of short-time critical behavior of the Ginzburg–Landau model with weakly long-range interactions . The system initially at a high temperature is firstly quenched to the critical temperature and then released to an evolution with a model A dynamics. A double expansion in and with of order is employed, where is the spatial dimension. The asymptotic scaling laws and the initial slip exponents and for the order parameter and the response function respectively are calculated to the second order in for close to 2.

The duality transformation is carried out for an n-species Ising spin system interacting with Z(2) gauge fields. For n > 1, we find that the dual model has topological terms when the surface is topologically nontrivial. The plaquette interaction of the gauge fields is dual to an n-spin coupling in the dual model.

The short-time dynamic process for the two-dimensional Ising model with the nearest-neighbor coupling and the next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic coupling in the critical domain is simulated by the Monte Carlo method. From the power law behavior of the initial order increase, the critical points and the initial dynamic exponent are determined.

Spatially periodic solutions (cnoidal waves) for excitations of a molecular-crystal model with the dispersion term on a diatomic molecule ring are found. The relative displacement of the self-trapped state, the self-trapped well and the energy of the electron, and the density of current carried by excitations are calculated. The relations between periodic solutions on a ring and soliton solutions on a chain are discussed.

An improved solution for the optical polarons in the molecular-crystal model with the dispersion term in one dimensional chains is found. Under approximation neglecting the dispersion term, the improved solution tends to usual optical polarons solution. The self-trapped well of the electron is calculated.