Industry-education integration is an important path for cultivating applied talents in the new era. Aiming at the problems existing in the teaching of the course "Preparation of Soil and Water Conservation Plans for Production and Construction Projects", such as the disconnection between theory and practice, teaching content lagging behind industry needs, and students' lack of engineering practice ability, the College of Desert Control Science and Engineering of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University and Inner Mongolia Power Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd. carried out in-depth cooperation. They built a course model of co-construction with such features as dual school-enterprise directors, full-project penetration, and four-stage scenario progression. The existing opportunity is to effectively integrate the teaching process with the production practice by means of a working school-enterprise cooperative content updating system and simultaneously create a practical enterprise project case library, a multi-scenario teaching approach in the classroom-computer laboratory-enterprise-site, and an assessment and evaluation system in the guidance of enterprise tutors. Practice shows that this model significantly improves students' plan preparation ability and professional quality, providing a reference for the construction of applied courses in similar universities.

Background The Pisha sandstone region of Inner Mongolia is one of the areas most severely affected by soil erosion in the world. Stumping is a widely used practice for rejuvenating degraded sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) plantations, but how stumping depth affects soil bacterial communities and the underlying drivers remains unclear. We hypothesized that (1) 15 cm stumping depth would maximize soil nutrient availability and bacterial diversity, and (2) shifts in bacterial community composition would be primarily driven by soil nutrients and physical properties. Methods We conducted a field experiment in a 10-year-old declining sea buckthorn plantation, applying four stumping heights (0 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm) with uncut forest as control. Soil samples were collected from three compartments (root surface, rhizosphere, non-rhizosphere). Bacterial community composition was characterized by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V4 region using primers 515F/806R with high-fidelity DNA polymerase. Soil physicochemical properties were measured using standard methods. Results Stumping at 15 cm height consistently exhibited the strongest effects across all soil compartments. Compared to other treatments and the control, this treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and enhanced bacterial α-diversity (Chao1, Shannon). At the family level, 15 cm stumping most strongly enriched Oxalobacteraceae, with relative abundance peaking at 38.9% in rhizosphere soil. Bacterial community composition shifted with stumping depth; however, β-diversity variation was primarily explained by spatial heterogeneity among the three plots (R2 = 11.89%, P = 0.008), rather than stumping treatment itself (R2 = 9.89%, P = 0.226). Redundancy analysis further revealed that Actinobacteriota abundance was positively correlated with soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil water content, but negatively correlated with soil bulk density. Membership function analysis confirmed that 15 cm stumping yielded the highest comprehensive scores across all soil compartments, particularly in root surface soil (0.54, 0.53, and 0.52 for root surface, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soils, respectively). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that 15 cm stumping effectively improves soil nutrient conditions, enriches beneficial bacterial taxa, and reshapes microbial communities in degraded sea buckthorn plantations, with the strongest effects occurring in root-associated soils.

Hippophae rhamnoides (family Elaeagnaceae) is a deciduous shrub that has become a uniquely advantageous species in the arsenic sandstone area of Inner Mongolia due to its well-developed root system and strong tillering ability. This study, by taking 10-year-old H. rhamnoides in the arsenic sandstone area as the research object and analyzing the morphological traits of their fine roots and their coordination within soil under different stubble heights (0, 10, 15, and 20 cm) and non-stubble treatment, aims to select the optimal stubble height that is most conducive to the rejuvenation of H. rhamnoides and thus improve the decline in the productivity of H. rhamnoides in this region. The results reveal significant differences in fine root and soil properties under different stubble heights (p < 0.05). Among different traits, fine root area density shows the highest total coefficient of variation, making it the most sensitive trait. Principal component analysis results indicate that after stubble treatment, the traits of H. rhamnoides fine roots center on high specific surface area (0.316) + high specific root length (0.312), shifting toward a resource-acquisition ecological strategy with the best foraging efficiency observed under a stubble height of 15 cm. Soil N:P and C:P can explain 66% and 61% of the root morphological traits strategies deployed during stubble treatment, respectively. Fine roots exhibit high adaptability to the breaking of phosphorus limitation and fixation of carbon and nitrogen.

To clarify the effects of stumping on the C, N, and P allocation strategy of Hippophae rhamnoides L. artificial forests at the decaying stage in feldspathic sandstone areas, we tested stumping heights of 0, 10, 15, and 20 cm from the ground (denoted H1, H2, H3, and H4, respectively) with non-stumped trees as a control (CK). The N (LN, RN), P (LP, RP), and N:P (LN:LP, RN:RP) in the leaves and absorptive roots and the C, N, C:N, C:P, and N:P in rhizosphere soils after different treatments all manifested in the order H3 > H2 > H1 > H4 > CK. Among them, the LN and RN of H3 presented the largest amplitudes of increase (31% and 263%, respectively) compared with those of CK. There were very significant allometric relationships between LC and RC (−0.57, trade-off relationship), between LN and RN, and between LP and RP (0.32, 2.01; synergistic relationship) in stumped H. rhamnoides, and the accumulation rates of LC and LN were slower than those of RC and RN. After the stumping, certain correlations were present between the characteristics, except that neither LC nor RC significantly differed across the different treatments. The growth of H. rhamnoides after the different treatments was mainly regulated by P. The stumped H. rhamnoides grew at a faster rate, and the optimal stumping height was 15 cm. These findings are valuable for revegetation and for the prevention and control of soil erosion in feldspathic sandstone areas.

In this paper, the fractal mechanism of soil improvement by vegetation was revealed by analyzing the soil characteristics under four typical vegetation types: Salix cheilophila, Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Corethrodendron fruticosum in Mu Us Sandy Land. The results showed that (1) the soil of each vegetation type was mainly composed of sand (> 90%), and the content of clay and silt was less than 10%. CF had the least heterogeneity of soil particles in the 0-120 cm soil layer, HR was uniformly distributed in the 120-200 cm soil layer, and the change trend of particle composition in the 140-200 cm soil layer was consistent. (2) Soil fractal dimension (D) was positively correlated with soil clay and silt content, and negatively correlated with sand content. The generalized dimension spectrum D(q) decreases in the "S" type, and the sensitivity was higher in the region of q < 0, indicating that the particle distribution in the sparse area is more susceptible to disturbance. (3) HR had the best water holding capacity in the surface layer (0-40 cm) and deeper layer (120-200 cm), and the average soil water storage in 0-200 cm reached 791.61 mm (13.76% higher than CF). All vegetation had soil water deficit in specific soil layers, among which SC had water deficit in 20-30 cm, CK in 0-10 cm, HR in 60-80 cm, and CF in 180-200 cm soil layers (0.91 mm, 0.90 mm, 0.92 mm, and 0.93 mm). (4) HR significantly affected soil bulk density and porosity by increased silt and sand (P < 0.05). The fractal parameters of SC were significantly correlated with soil water content (P < 0.05). The pH of CK was a significant correlation with soil water storage (P < 0.01). CF soil particle composition and fractal parameters were significantly correlated with soil moisture content, bulk weight, and capillary porosity (P < 0.05). The study showed that HR achieves the best water retention and soil modification effect by optimizing soil structure and is the preferred vegetation for ecological restoration of the Mu Us Sandy Land.

Scrub root systems play a crucial role in preventing soil erosion and nutrient loss. However, the effects of the root system configuration on soil nutrient dynamics and microbial changes at various evolutionary stages remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and the diversity of bacteria and fungi throughout the evolutionary stages of the scrub root systems. This was achieved through a combination of whole-root excavation and root tracing techniques. The results indicated that root diameter was the main factor contributing to the continuous increase in carbon (C): phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N): P ratios as the scrub sand pile developed. The soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TN), and total soil phosphorus (TP) contents in the soil in the four evolutionary stages were the highest during the developmental stage, but the change in TP content was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Partial least squares path modeling and redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that root system stoichiometric C and N contents were positively correlated with microbial diversity (R2 = 0.85). There was no correlation between the evolutionary stage and soil nutrient TN, whereas soil nutrient TN was negatively correlated with microbial diversity (R2 = -0.92). These findings elucidate the relationship between the evolutionary stage of root chemical measurement characteristics, soil elements and microorganisms, and their subsequent effects on root elemental composition and microbial diversity. This study enhances the current understanding of plant-soil interactions in desert steppe ecosystems.

This study aimed to clarify the effects of stumping on preferential flow in the understory soils of Hippophae rhamnoides and to assess appropriate stumping height for optimization of preferential flow. Root properties, soil properties, and preferential flow for different H. rhamnoides stump heights (0, 10, 15, 20 cm, and no-stumping, labeled conditions S1, S2, S3, S4, and CK, respectively) were studied using in situ dye-tracing and laboratory analysis. The results showed that stumping significantly increased preferential flow development. This effect was maximized in condition S3, with dye-tracing coverage (DC) of 36.77%, maximum dye depth (MaxD) of 40.02 cm, uniform infiltration depth (Unifr) of 14.28 cm, preferential flow ratio (PF fr ) of 23.85%, and length index (LI) of 96.72%. In terms of root length density (RLD), root mass density (RMD), root surface area density (RSAD), soil water content (SWC), soil total porosity (TP), mean weight diameter (MWD), and soil organic matter (SOM), the conditions were ranked S3>S2>S1>S3>CK; for root average diameter (RAD), they were ranked S3<S2<S1<S4<CK. Structural equation modeling showed that DC was affected directly by TP, MWD, and SWC and indirectly by RAD, RLD, RMD, RSAD, and SOM, explaining up to 89.1% of the variance. Thus, stumping of H. rhamnoides affected soil properties through the mechanism of root development, thereby improving preferential flow development in the soil and soil infiltration. The optimal stump height was 15 cm. These findings are critical for vegetation recovery and for prevention and control of soil erosion in feldspathic sandstone areas.

【Objective】 This study explored root distribution characteristics of Caragana korshinskii in different slope sites in ecologically fragile areas and their relationship with soil moisture content to provide reference for construction and management of artificial vegetation in ecologically fragile areas.【Method】 Taking Damao Banner, Baotou City in the west of Inner Mongolia as the study area, Caragana korshinskii（forest age 17 years） forest land on same slope（northwest slope at 6°） was selected as the test site in August 2021.The sampling sites were selected on upper, middle and lower slopes, respectively, and Caragana korshinskii with diameter classes of fine root（0-2 mm）,small root（＞2-5 mm） and middle root（＞5-20 mm） were analyzed.The root morphological characteristics（length, volume and surface area） and distribution characteristics of soil moisture content in horizontal and vertical directions of large root（＞20-50 mm） were determined, and the correlation between Caragana root morphological indexes and soil moisture content in different slope sites was analyzed.【Result】 In all fields, root morphological indexes and soil moisture contents of Caragana korshinskii were in the decreasing order of lower slope＞middle slope＞upper slope.The root length, volume and surface area of fine root, small root, medium root and large root of Caragana korshinskii decreased with the increase of horizontal distance from the foundation of Caragana korshinskii standard clump and soil depth.In the horizontal direction, soil moisture contents decreased gradually with the increase of the horizontal distance from the foundation of Caragana standard clump.In the vertical direction, soil moisture content decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth.The total root length, volume and surface area of Caragana korshinskii showed a very significant positive correlation with soil moisture content.【Conclusion】 There were obvious differences in root characteristics and soil moisture contents of Caragana korshinskii under different slope positions.Some morphological indexes of Caragana korshinskii root can reflect soil moisture content.

This study was aimed to clarify the effects of stumping on root and leaf traits as well as the tradeoffs and synergies of decaying Hippophae rhamnoides in feldspathic sandstone areas, and to select the optimal stump height that contributed to the recovery and growth of H. rhamnoides. variations and coordination between leaf traits and fine root traits of H. rhamnoides were studied at different stump heights (0, 10, 15, 20 cm, and no stumping) in feldspathic sandstone areas. All functional traits of the leaves and roots, except the leaf C content (LC) and the fine root C content (FRC), were significantly different among different stump heights. The total variation coefficient was the largest in the specific leaf area (SLA), which is therefore the most sensitive trait. Compared to non-stumping, SLA, leaf N content (LN), specific root length (SRL) and fine root N content (FRN) all improved significantly at stump height of 15 cm, but leaf tissue density (LTD), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio (LC : LN), fine root tissue density (FRTD), fine root dry matter content (FRDMC) and fine root carbon to nitrogen ratio (FRC : FRN) all decreased significantly. The leaf traits of H. rhamnoides at different stump heights follow the leaf economic spectrum, and the fine roots show a similar trait syndrome to the leaves. SLA and LN are positively correlated with SRL and FRN and negatively with FRTD and FRC : FRN. LDMC and LC : LN are positively correlated with FRTD and FRC : FRN, and negatively correlated SRL and RN. The stumped H. rhamnoides changes to the ‘rapid investment–return type’ resource trade-offs strategy, and the growth rate is maximized at the stump height of 15 cm. Our findings are critical to the prevention and control of vegetation recovery and soil erosion in feldspathic sandstone areas.

The root morphology of the main shrub species in the arsenic sandstone area was quantitatively studied to explore which soil and water conservation plants could effectively resist the composite erosion of the arsenic sandstone area,and the shrub species Hippophae rhamnoides、Ziziphusjuba Mill、Forsythia suspensa、Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge、Rosaxanthina Lindl.and Amygdalus mongolica（Maxim.） Ricker.was the research object,and the root distribution range,geometric morphology,topological index,mechanical characteristics of a single root,and dimensionality reduction were comprehensively analyzed,and shrub plants with good soil consolidation effect in arsenic sandstone area were screened.The results showed that:（1） Oblique roots were the main ones for Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge,and Forsythia suspensa,while horizontal roots were dominated by Hippophae rhamnoides,Ziziphusjuba Mill.,Rosaxanthina Lindl and Amygdalus mongolica（Maxim.） Ricker;Thin roots and long roots,Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge.（2 368.54 cm）＞Hippophae rhamnoides（1 746.12 cm）＞ Rosaxanthina Lindl（1 463.15 cm）＞ Amygdalus mongolica（Maxim.）Ricker.（1 162.81 cm）＞ Ziziphusjuba Mill.（928.69 cm）＞ Forsythia suspensa（817.45 cm）,longythia topological index of 0.54 and fork-shaped branch structure,forsythia topological index of 0.71 and fishtail-shaped branching structure.（2） Average tensile strength of roots,Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge.（30.45 MPa）,＞Rosaxanthina Lindl.（18.21 Mpa）,＞Forsythia suspensa（17.03 MPa）,＞Amygdalus mongolica（Maxim.） Ricker.（16.62 MPa）,＞Ziziphusjuba Mill.（16.34 MPa）＞Hippophae rhamnoides（15.35 MPa）.Based on the principal component analysis method,the root soil consolidation effect of different shrub species was compared,and the comprehensive principal component index of theXanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge.reached 2.28,which was the best comprehensive soil consolidation effect,which could select suitable soil conservation shrubs for sandstone areas and provide theoretical reference for the sustainable development of shrub forests in this area.

Background Fine roots are vital to a plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients. Stumping is a practice that may encourage fine root growth and the rapid recovery of decaying Hippophae rhamnoides plants. However, the effect of stumping on the fine roots and physiological indices is still unknown. The differential indices between stumped forests and non-stumped forests must also be defined. Methods We recorded the changes in the fine roots of structure H. rhamnoides one year after stumping. Using single factor analysis of variance and general linear models we comprehensively analyzed the number of root tips and the plant’s growth and physiological indices in response to stumping. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to compare fine root growth and physiological indices with and without stumping in order to identify the differential indices. Results The proportion of root tips in the vertical layers at 30–40 cm and 40–50 cm and in the horizontal layers at 60–80 cm and 80–100 cm, increased after stumping by 1.85%, 2.60%, 1.96% and 4.32%, respectively. In the 0–50 cm soil layer, the fine root dry weight rose by 27.6% compared with the control, which was not significant. However, other indices were significantly different from the control. The proportions in the growth indices in the 30–40 cm and 40–50 cm layers increased after stumping. Stumping had a significant, negative effect on proline and malondialdehyde content, which dropped by 40.95% and 55.32%, respectively, indicating that the harms caused by these two chemicals was alleviated. Stumping had a significant positive effect on root activity and soluble sugar contents, which increased by 68.58% and 36.87%, respectively, and improved the growing ability of fine roots. PLS-DA revealed that malondialdehyde, soluble sugars, root density, and the number of root tips ranked from having the least to greatest effect on the classification of stumping and no-stumping. Conclusions The process of stumping may promote fine roots growth in H. rhamnoides , and is favorable for their longitudinal development. The fine root growing indices of H. rhamnoides responded positively to this process. Stumping promotes root activity and the creation of soluble sugar to maintain the growth and development of fine roots. It also inhibits the negative effects of proline and malondialdehyde on fine roots. Our study showed that the differential physiological indices were more important for classification than the differential growing indices.

Wukehudong Town in Damao Banner of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, has fragile ecosystems where grassland degradation, soil-water loss, soil desertification and other ecological problems are increasingly severe. Vegetational ecosystem restoration can effectively solve soil-water loss in this region and ensure ecoenvironmental safety. Given the severe deterioration of Caragana korshinskii forests in this region, we chose an experimental area in Wukehudong Town and targeted at perennial C. korshinskii forests. The plant height, canopy size and root growth of C. korshinskii at stubble heights of 0, 10 and 20 cm and under the control mode (CK) were consecutively observed and comprehensively analyzed. This study will theoretically underlie the scientific management of C. korshinskii forests in this region to achieve ecosystem restoration in a scientific way.The C. korshinskii forests after stumping all experienced over-compensationary growth, and the compensatory growth at the stubble height of 10 cm was excellent. Stumping significantly promoted root growth at different root grades, and the total root lengths at different root grades in the C. korshinskii forests at different stubble heights ranked as fine roots (57.73%) > thick roots (37.85%) > bone roots (4.42%). Comprehensive analysis shows stumping can significantly prolong the total root length of C. korshinskii, which maximizes at the stump height of 10 cm.In all, stumping promotes the renewal and rejuvenation of C. korshinskii. The characteristic indices of C. korshinskii at different stubble heights were analyzed using membership functions. Comprehensive evaluation showed the C. korshinskii at stumping height of 10 cm had the strongest renewing ability and grew and developed the best.

In order to explore the influence of flat stubble and environmental factors on the fine root length density（RLD） of Hippophae rhamnoides in the sandstone area, reveal the effect of flat stubble on vegetation regeneration in the sandstone area and the important significance of environmental factors on the growth of fine roots, the H. rhamnoides plantation in the sandstone area of Inner Mongolia was taken as research object, and the micro-root canal method was used to determine the morphological characteristics of fine roots combined with the monitoring of meteorological factors at the HOBO weather station and determining the soil moisture content by drying method. The RLD and changes of surrounding environmental factors of H. rhamnoides fine roots were studied. The results showed that the RLD of H. rhamnoides after flat stubble treatment was larger than that without stubble treatment, and it showed a single-peak curve on the time scale. On the time scale, the RLD of H. rhamnoides was significantly related to environmental factors regardless of whether it was flat stubble or not, and was extremely significantly positively correlated with soil moisture content（P＜0.01） and significantly negatively correlated with air relative humidity（P＜0.05）. In different depths of soil layer, fine root length density of H. rhamnoides and soil moisture content were extremely significantly negatively correlated（P＜0.01） under different treatment modes. The principal component regression was performed with various environmental factors as independent variables; the first two principal components explained 92.121% of the environmental factors after flat stubble, and the first two principal components explained 92.284% of all the variables when no stubble. The established regression equations were Y p =0.887Y 1 +0.113Y 2 and Y w =0.904Y 3 +0.096Y 4 , and the contribution rate of meteorological factors was greater than that of the soil moisture content. In a word, flat stubble promoted the renewal and rejuvenation of H. rhamnoides and increased the soil moisture absorption of fine roots, which was conducive to the sustainable development of forests.

Background:This study aims to explore the growth and production potential of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica "Ulanshalin," a pioneer species of soil and water conservation, after being planted in the Yellow River Basin area with serious soil erosion. An analysis of the differences in photosynthesis and fruit yield of H. rhamnoides plants grown in two typical soils in the watershed is key to understanding whether local conditions are suitable for the growth and yield of H. rhamnoides, as well as the impact of the plants on soil and water conservation.Methods:During the growing season, diurnal changes in the gas exchange parameters of Hippophae rhamnoides-like plants growing in Loess soil and Aeolian soil were continuously monitored, and the effects of total nitrogen (TN) and other elements on the net photosynthetic rate (P N) of the plants were analyzed and compared in the two different soil types. The morphological and quality differences of Hippophae rhamnoides fruits were also compared after reaching the ripening stage.Results:(1) There was a significant difference in the composition of Loess soil and of Aeolian soil. The organic matter content and AK content of the Loess soil was significantly higher than in the Aeolian soil, and the pH was closer to neutral. However, the TK content, TP content, and AP content of the Aeolian soil were slightly higher than in the Loess soil, the pH was higher, and it was alkaline. (2) After controlling the light and temperature, with all other external factors consistent, the daily variation trend of P N, T r, and G s in the leaves of H. rhamnoides plants growing in the two different soils were basically the same. There were differences, however, in when these factors reached their peaks. Soil composition had an impact on the photosynthetic characteristics of H. rhamnoides, with TN, TP, AP, and SOM being the main factors promoting the photosynthetic rate of H. rhamnoides P N. The peaks of P N, T r, and G s of H. rhamnoides plants growing in Aeolian soil were higher than those growing in Loess soil. (3) The average stem length of H. rhamnoides plants growing in Aeolian soil was higher than the plants growing in Loess soil. The number of thorns in the branches of plants in the Aeolian soil was relatively low, and the weight of 100 fruits (28.28 g) was significantly higher than the weight of 100 fruits of the H. rhamnoides plants grown in Loess soil (11.14 g).Conclusions:The results of this study show that in the Yellow River Basin area, Aeolian soil is more conducive to the growth of H. rhamnoides plants than Loess soil. H. rhamnoides plants growing in Aeolian soil had good adaptability and stress resistance, and a larger potential for fruit production. These findings provide insights for ecological restoration and the creation of economic value in the Yellow River Basin area.

Two asparagus varieties,‘Champion’ and ‘Jingzi’, were chosen to test the difficulty of planting asparagus in arid and semiarid areas. Three irrigation conditions were set with field moisture capacity of 60%（T 1 ）, 45%（T 2 ） and 30%（T 3 ）, respectively. The growth characteristics of asparagus including stem height and canopy size were compared among the three irrigation conditions so as to optimize the irrigation condition for asparagus growth. The photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature, air humidity, vapor pressure and soil temperature were synchronously monitored using a CR-3000 small automatic meteorological station. Then the effects of these environmental factors on asparagus growth were analyzed. Results showed that the dynamic growing characteristics of stem height and canopy size were both basically consistent between the two varieties under the three irrigation conditions. Under irrigation condition T 3 , the two indices of ‘Champion’were both the optimal and increased more compared with those under irrigation conditions T 1 and T 2 . Under irrigation condition T 2 , the two indices of‘Jingzi’ were both the optimal and increased more than those under irrigation conditions T 1 and T 3 . The dynamic growing characteristics of asparagus stem height and canopy size were correlated very significantly negatively with photosynthetically active radiation, very significantly positively with air humidity, and significantly positively with vapor pressure. Air humidity and vapor pressure were the dominant factors that promoted the growth and development of asparagus. In conclusion,‘Champion’ grows stronger than‘Jingzi’, and the irrigation condition T 3 promotes the growth of asparagus. Asparagus shall be planted in a cool and wet environment without strong light.

Background To solve the withering of Hippophae rhamnoides plantation in the feldspathic sandstone areas of Inner Mongolia and to promote the regeneration, rejuvenation, and sustainability of H. rhamnoides forests. Methods We stumped aging H. rhamnoides trees at the ground heights of 0, 10, 15, and 20 cm (S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively) and utilized unstumped trees as the control (CK). We then analyzed the effects of the different stump heights on the roots and the root microenvironment of H. rhamnoides and the relationship between the roots and the root microenvironment in the stumped H. rhamnoides. Results The root fractal features, root branching rate, root length, root soluble proteins, soil moisture content, and soil nutrients among the different treatments were ranked as S3>S2>S1>S4>CK (P < 0.05). The root topological index, root proline, and malondialdehyde among the different treatments were ranked as S3<S2<S1<S4<CK (P < 0.05). The topological indices of S1, S2, S3, S4, and CK were 0.80, 0.86, 0.89, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively, and all were near 1. This result indicated a typical fishtail-shaped branching structure. The root length and root fractal dimensions were primarily affected by the positive correlation of the soil moisture content and the soil organic matter, and the root topological index was primarily affected by the negative correlation of the root proline. Root nutrients were dominant in the changes in the root architecture, while soil moisture and nutrients played supporting roles. These results indicated that stumping can promote plant root growth and root nutrient accumulation, thereby improving soil moisture and the soil nutrient distribution, and the S3 treatment had the greatest impact on the H. rhamnoides roots and root microenvironment. Therefore, the 15 cm stump height treatment should be implemented for withering H. rhamnoides in feldspathic sandstone areas to promote vegetation restoration.

Objectives This study explored the effects of different degradation gradients on bacterial diversity in the rhizospheric soils of herb plants. Methods The alpha diversity, species composition and correlations of bacterial communities in the rhizospheric soils of herb plants were studied using metagenomics 16SrDNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Results The diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizospheric soils of herb plants differed during the degradation of desert steppes. An analysis of bacterial community alpha diversity indices showed the bacterial diversity and species evenness of rhizospheric soils were best in moderately degraded desert steppes. Among all samples, a total of 43 phyla, 133 classes, 261 orders, 421 families, 802 genera and 1,129 species were detected. At the phylum level, the predominant bacterial phyla were: Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the predominant bacterial genera were: RB41, Sphingomonas, WD2101_soil_group_unclassified, Pseudomonas and Actinomyces. The relative abundance of unknown genera was very large, which deserves further research. At the phylum and genus levels, the species abundance levels under slight and moderate degradation were significantly higher than those under extreme degradation. Correlation network diagrams showed there were many nodes in both slightly deteriorated and moderately deteriorated soils, and the node proportions were large and mostly positively correlated. These results indicate the bacterial communities in rhizospheric soils under slight or moderate deterioration are relatively stable. The rhizospheric soil microbes of desert steppes can form a stable network structure, allowing them to adequately respond to environmental conditions. Conclusions The bacterial communities in the rhizospheric soils of herb plants differ between different degradation gradients. The species number, abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in rhizospheric soils are not directly correlated with degree of degradation. The abundance, species diversity and species abundance of bacterial communities in the rhizospheric soils of moderately degraded desert steppes are the highest and most stable. The soil bacterial diversity is lowest in severely degraded desert steppes.

以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)为研究对象,研究不同比例的风沙土与砒砂岩复配土对其生长状况与产量的影响.将风沙土与砒砂岩按照1∶0、1∶1、1∶3、1∶5、0∶1、3∶1、5∶1的比例复配后,取温室外试验区10cm深度的栗钙土设置为对照土样(CK).通过比较在不同配土比例下,黄瓜株高、冠幅、结实量等生长特性的差异,探究最适宜黄瓜生长的复配比例.结果表明:(1)在风沙土与砒砂岩复配比例为1∶3时,黄瓜株高81.50 cm、东西冠幅30.50 cm、南北冠幅29.50 cm、果实总质量1475.80 g、单瓜重147.58 g,除东西冠幅外,其他各项指标均呈现最优状态.(2)随着幼苗的生长,生长特性逐步呈现为线性增加的趋势,其中1∶3的增长速度在各时期都是最快的,7月22日—9月16日株高增长量为73.25 cm、东西冠幅增长量为22.50cm、南北冠幅增长量为23.00cm.综上,风沙土与砒砂岩1∶3的复配比例有利于黄瓜的生长,更能促进结实.

为探究脆弱生态条件下柠条适宜平茬技术,提高灌木林生态保护与无粮化饲草料转化利用程度,基于内蒙古生态脆弱区实际情况设计机械平茬(T1)、生物平茬(T2)、轮换平茬(T3)3种技术,通过试验采集及多元主体问卷调查,构建涉及经济、社会、生态效益的9个层次30个指标的柠条平茬技术综合效益评价指标体系,利用GI CRITIC EWM组合赋权法对其进行关键影响因素识别、效益评价,以筛选并评价优选平茬技术.研究表明:1)柠条平茬技术效益评价中,重要性程度为生态效益＞经济效益＞社会效益,饲化利用、水土保持和技术盈利能力为主要影响指标.2)三种平茬技术实现的综合效益排名为T3＞T1＞T2,其中,经济效益排名为T2＞T3＞T1、社会效益排名为T1＞T3＞T2、生态效益排名为T3＞T,＞T2.3)研究认为T3模式是内蒙古生态脆弱区柠条平茬优选技术,其中技术扩散效率、政策支持力度和规模化开发影响作为关键因素制约其效益实现,为此构建政策导向下柠条轮换平茬技术推广扩散机制.

荒漠化作为全球性的重大环境问题之一,加剧了生态系统的退化和土地生产力的衰退,缩小了人类生存和发展的空间,是造成环境破坏和社会贫困的重要根源,一直受到世界各国的广泛重视.1992年,联合国环境与发展大会《21世纪议程》将荒漠化防治列为世界各国优先采取行动的领域;1994年,联合国制定了《联合国防治荒漠化公约》.