This study aims to investigate the dynamic development relationship between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, and resilience amongst early adolescents, and to explore the longitudinal protective effect of resilience in preventing suicidal behaviour. A survey was conducted on 970 students (52.89% boys; M age = 12.36; SD = 0.52; Age range = 11-14 years old at T1) from two middle schools in Hunan Province, China, over a period of 12 months, with data collected at three time points (T1, T2, and T3), each separated by a six-month interval. The study employed latent growth models to analyse the trends in NSSI, suicidal ideation, and resilience amongst the participants. Additionally, a longitudinal moderating model was used to investigate the impact of resilience. The results showed that (1) NSSI and suicidal ideation showed a linear increasing trend, and resilience showed a linear decreasing trend; (2) the initial level of NSSI positively predicted the initial level of suicidal ideation, and negatively predicted its growth rate significantly. The growth rate of NSSI positively predicted the growth rate of suicidal ideation significantly. (3) The growth rate of resilience plays a negative moderating role in the relationship between the growth rate of NSSI and suicidal ideation, which means as the rate of decline in adolescents' resilience accelerates, the increase in NSSI shows stronger predictive power for the increase in suicidal ideation. The findings emphasise the dynamic interactions between NSSI, suicidal ideation, and resilience, highlighting resilience's potential protective role in preventing suicidal behaviour.

Globalization's dual impact on political systems and cultural traditions has generated paradoxical national belonging among youth, simultaneously presenting developmental opportunities and identity challenges. This investigation examined the heterogeneity and determinants of Chinese adolescents' national identity within this globalized context. Utilizing latent class growth analysis, longitudinal data were analyzed from a stratified school-based cohort in Hunan Province (N = 882; 52.27% male). Three distinct developmental trajectories emerged: high-stable (85.15%), medium-slow rising (10.77%), and high-steep decline (4.08%) subtypes. Self-esteem and school connectedness had significant effects on the heterogeneity of adolescents' national identity development; adolescents with high self-esteem (beta = 0.47, SE = 0.16, OR = 1.60, p < 0.01) and high school connectedness (beta = 0.23, SE = 0.12, OR = 1.26, p < 0.05) at the baseline and remaining stable over time were more likely to be classified as "high-stable type". Consequently, to achieve stable development of national identity within school environments, the cultivation of adolescents' school identification and belongingness requires systematic integration with self-esteem enhancement. Effective school-based identity education should establish a supportive ecosystem that integrates families, schools, and society. Within this framework, students can receive recognition from educators, reinforcement from peers, and access to sufficient developmental opportunities for nurturing personal competencies and ethical virtues, thereby promoting their self-actualization.

Scope Suicide among adolescents is a serious global health concern. Previous research has highlighted that interpersonal factors are vital determinants of suicidality. However, little is known about the cumulative effects of interpersonal risks and the protective factors that buffer individuals from developing suicidal tendencies. The present study examined whether linear or nonlinear models best account for the relationship between cumulative interpersonal risk and suicidal ideation and attempts among early adolescents and the protective value of self-esteem in these associations.Methods A sample of 605 seventh-grade students from in Hunan, China was tracked over a 6 month interval. Measures of interpersonal risk, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-esteem were obtained from adolescents' self-reports.Results The findings indicated both concurrent and longitudinal linear associations between cumulative interpersonal risk and adolescent suicidal ideation. Cumulative interpersonal risk was only associated with concurrent adolescent suicide attempts, showing a nonlinear relationship. Self-esteem moderates the association between cumulative interpersonal risk and subsequent suicidal ideation. The results also showed that identifying interpersonal risk early and simultaneously reducing multiple interpersonal risks would benefit high-suicide-risk youths.Conclusions Adolescents who face more than three interpersonal risks are particularly at risk for suicide attempts. Self-esteem is insufficient to counteract the cumulative impact of interpersonal risk completely. Study analyzing whether personal worth plays a moderating role in the suicidal ideation and attempts of early Chinese adolescents. While suicide among adolescents is a serious global health concern, little is known about the cumulative effects of interpersonal risks and the protective factors that buffer individuals from developing suicidal tendencies. As such, we followed 605 seventh graders over six months to investigate the combined influence of various interpersonal stressors such as low teacher support, limited classmates' support, ineffective communication with parents, and experiences of social ostracism on suicidality. In addition, we explored whether a good sense of personal worth (self-esteem) made a difference. Our findings showed that, as interpersonal risks accumulate, the likelihood of an adolescent experiencing suicidal thoughts increases. Although self-esteem offers some protection, it does not fully counteract the detrimental effects of combined interpersonal problems. In particular, when an adolescent faces three or more interpersonal stressors, the risk of suicide attempts increases. Based on our findings, we believe that interventions aimed at reducing these interpersonal risks and bolstering adolescent self-esteem could be pivotal for suicide prevention.

Poor interpersonal relationships are one of the risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors among adolescents. Previous studies have mostly focused on a single interpersonal perspective, and it remains uncertain how the cumulative interpersonal risk across time and domains interacts with NSSI and suicide. The current study employed cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) and random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) to investigate the interaction among cumulative interpersonal risk, NSSI, and suicide attempts at both the between-person and within-person levels, while examining sex differences in these relationships. A total of 1038 Chinese adolescents (47.0

The positive association between meaning in life (MIL) and mindfulness has been supported; however, previous research has been limited to the trait level. To explore the dynamics of mindfulness and MIL in the state level, the present study used the experience sampling method (ESM) and conducted a dynamic structural equation model (DSEM). In addition, we examined the moderation of baseline depression in this dynamic relationship and the protective role of the dynamics on depression. We recruited 184 college students (Mage = 21.58, 33.15% male), who reported three times a day for 14 consecutive days, and analyzed the 7726 collected responses. Firstly, a virtuous cycle between mindfulness and MIL was proven. Besides, the baseline depressive symptoms moderated the predictive of mindfulness on MIL, suggesting state mindfulness gave people with more depressive symptoms more meaningful in daily life. Lastly, the result also demonstrated the positive prediction of mindfulness on MIL and alleviated the worsening of depressive symptoms within 2 weeks. The findings extended the relationship between MIL and mindfulness from trait level to state level, enriching the self-determination theory, and examined the unique effect of depressive symptoms in the dynamics.

Objective: To explore the relationship between social exclusion and suicidal ideation among left-behind adolescents. Methods: 1274 left-behind adolescents were investigated by using Adolescent Suicidal Ideation Scale, Social Exclusion Scale, Adolescent Negative Affect Scale and Parent-Child Communication Questionnaire. Results:（1） Negative emotion played a mediating role between social exclusion and suicidal ideation in left-behind children;（3）Father（mother）-child communication played a moderating role in the second half of the mediation pathway“negative affect → suicidal ideation”. Under the condition of high father（mother）-child communication, the predictive effect of negative emotion on suicidal ideation decreased. Conclusion: Social exclusion indirectly predicts left-adolescents’ suicidal ideation through negative emotions. Parent-child communication moderates the mediating effect of negative emotions, and good parent-child communication can effectively alleviate the predictive effect of negative emotions on suicidal ideation.

A 3‐year follow‐up test (from grades 7 to 9) was administered to 807 junior high school students from two regions in Hunan Province, China, using multilevel analysis to examine trends in junior high school students' life satisfaction, differences by gender and location of life and the effects of father–child/mother–child communication on the development of life satisfaction. The results showed that (1) Chinese junior high school students' life satisfaction showed a decreasing trend from the seventh grade to the ninth grade, and there was a significant decreasing process in the eighth grade; (2) father–child communication and mother–child communication had a significant positive predictive effect on Chinese junior high school students' life satisfaction and (3) father–child communication and mother–child communication had a significant negative predictive effect on the decreasing trend of life satisfaction, in which the effect of mother–child communication was particularly significant.

Adolescents; National identity; Factor analysis; Questionnaire development

Objective: To investigate the influence of parental conflict and friendship quality on the development trend of adolescent depression. Methods: A two-year three-wave follow-up survey was conducted among 882 seventh-grade students. The Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, the Friendship Quality Questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were served as the measuring tool. Results:（1）The development of adolescent depression showed a non-linear growth trend;（2）Parental conflict significantly positively predicted the development trend of adolescent depression, and explained 13% of the variance of the depression intercept variance;（3）The quality of friendship significantly negatively predicted the development trend of adolescent depression, and explained 9% of the variance of the depression intercept variance. Conclusion: There was an upward trend in adolescent depression during the junior high school stage. Parental conflict had a significant role in promoting the initial level and development speed of adolescent depression; the quality of friendship had an obvious inhibitory effect on the initial level and development speed of adolescent depression.

BACKGROUND:While negative parenting style has considered as a risk factor for suicide ideation, little attention has been given to the mechanisms between harsh parenting and suicide ideation in the context of Chinese culture. This study explored the the potential mediating roles of self-esteem and the potential moderating roles of school social support in the relationship between harsh parenting and suicide ideation among Chinese adolescents.METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional study among 4189 Chinese adolescents who completed measures of harsh parenting, school social support, self-esteem, and suicide ideation. The moderated mediation model was used to test the roles of self-esteem and school social support on the association between harsh parenting and adolescent suicide ideation.RESULTS:(1) There were significant positive correlations between harsh parenting and adolescents suicide ideation. (2) Self-esteem mediates the relationship between harsh parenting and suicide ideation in adolescents. (3) School social support moderates the indirect effect of harsh parenting on suicidal ideation.CONCLUSIONS:Beyond the direct impact of harsh parenting, harsh parenting also indirectly contributes to adolescent suicide ideation via the mediator of adolescents' self-esteem. School social support moderates the relationship between harsh parenting and self-esteem as well as the relationship between self-esteem and suicide ideation. The findings suggest potential pathways for suicide prevention and intervention strategies and highlighted that buffering effect of school social support is limited as risk increasing.

采用青少年自我伤害问卷对2388名过去一年里有过自伤史的青少年进行施测,并采用潜在剖面分析方法探讨青少年自伤的分类模式,以及人口学变量对青少年Ⅱ类 自伤异质性的作用.结果发现,青少年自伤存在明显的异质性,首先,根据性质不同,将青少年的 自伤行为分为Ⅰ类 自伤和Ⅱ类 自伤;其次,根据自我伤害程度,进一步将Ⅱ类自伤分为轻度自伤、较轻度自伤、中度自伤、较重度自伤和重度自伤;性别和家庭所在地主要对青少年Ⅱ类自伤中的轻度/较轻度自伤产生影响,年龄对青少年Ⅱ类自伤的5种潜在类别均有影响.

The purpose of this study is to identify the latent profiles of Chinese adolescents’ family (parent–adolescent and sibling) relationships prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as associations between those profiles and adolescents’ emotional and behavioral responses. A total of 2,305 adolescents from China aged between 10 and 18 years completed measures of parent–adolescent relationships, sibling relationships, and emotional and behavioral responses during the pandemic. Four profiles of family relationships were identified via latent profile analysis and categorized as Cohesive-Decline, Mild-Decline, Conflictual-Stable, and Indifferent-Stable. Adolescents with a Conflictual-Stable profile reported more emotional and behavioral responses compared to the other profiles. In contrast, adolescents with a Cohesive-Decline profile exhibited fewer emotional responses compared to the other profiles. Adolescents with a Mild-Decline profile had fewer emotional responses than those with an Indifferent-Stable profile. These results shed light on the patterns and consequences of family relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic and have substantial implications for interventions involving family relationships in the context of regular epidemic prevention and control.

Introduction: Public-welfare behavior is a special prosocial behavior. Actively participating in public welfare activities has an important impact on the psychological development of adolescents. According to the group identity theory, national identity may be an important factor affecting public-welfare behavior, but its functional mechanism remains unclear. This study explored how national identity influenced adolescents' public-welfare behavior through the mediating role of social responsibility and the moderating role of sex. Methods: We selected a total of 969 adolescents by cluster sampling to complete the questionnaires. We used the Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS to test the mediating role of social responsibility and the moderating role of sex in the relationship between national identity and public-welfare behavior. Results: Results showed that social responsibility fully mediated the relationship between national identity and public-welfare behavior among adolescents. In addition, the mediating effect of social responsibility was moderated by sex, that is, the mediating effect of social responsibility was significant in male adolescents but not in female adolescents. Conclusion: National identity may affect the public-welfare behavior of adolescents by improving social responsibility, albeit significantly only in male adolescents. Our findings enrich existing research on adolescents' public-welfare behavior and inspire the targeted promotion of public-welfare behavior among adolescents.

The study explored the mechanism underlying the relationship between harsh parenting and early adolescent self-injury behavior. Participants were 1674 early adolescents who completed measures of harsh parenting,self-injury behavior, negative emotion, and classmate support. The results demonstrated that beyond the direct impact of harsh parenting on early adolescent self-injury behavior, harsh parenting also indirectly contributed to early adolescent self-injury behavior via the mediator of negative emotion. Classmate support moderated the relationship between harsh parenting and negative emotions as well as the relationship between negative emotion and self-injury behavior. Specifically, the predictive effect of harsh parenting on negative emotion increased and the predictive effect of negative emotion on self-injury behavior decreased as classmate support grew. In conclusion, negative emotion plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between harsh parenting and early adolescent self-injury behavior, and classmate support moderates this mediating effect.

Family risk is inimical to adolescent development. The relationship between cumulative family risk and adolescent depressive symptoms was explored in the current study, with friendship quality examined as a moderator of the relationship. A sample of 595 seventh-grade students was tracked at 10-month intervals. Results suggested that exposure to cumulative family risk predicted adolescents' current and subsequent depressive symptoms, and that there was a linear, additive relationship between cumulative family risk and depressive symptoms. Friendship quality moderated the linear relationship between cumulative family risk and adolescents' current depressive symptoms. It is worth noting that the protective role of friendship quality is limited. The results highlight that the detrimental impact of family risk needs to be recognized and addressed.

为考察青少年抑郁与自伤的双向关系及亲子沟通的调节效应,采用青少年自我伤害问卷、流动中心用抑郁量表和亲子沟通量表对595名初一学生进行为期10个月的追踪研究.结果发现,从初一到初二,抑郁呈增长趋势,且性别差异显著,而自伤的增长趋势不明显,但到初二后表现出了明显的性别差异;抑郁和自伤的同时性和继时性相关均显著;前测抑郁显著预测后测自伤,但前测自伤对后测抑郁的预测作用不明显;父子沟通和母子沟通均负向调节前测抑郁对后测自伤的预测.

Adolescence is a stage of life characterized by change and rapid development. Depression and self-injury are two common mental health problems in adolescence and has a major impact on the development of adolescence. According to existing empirical evidence and theories related to non-suicidal self-injury, there is a trend of development between depression and self-injury in adolescence, and there may be a two-way promotion relationship. This means that teenagers may fall into a vicious circle of depression and self-injury. For this reason, to explore the possible ways to break the vicious circle between depression and self-injury in adolescents, this study adopted a follow-up study design to investigate the two-way predictive relationship between adolescent depression and self-injury through cross-lagged regression analysis and brought parent-child communication as a moderator into the analysis of the mechanism of the relationship between depression and self-injury. The aim was to uncover the mechanism of mental health problems of Chinese adolescents and provide ideas for intervening and breaking the vicious circle of depression and self-injury in these adolescents.Participants as subjects for a follow-up survey for 10 months were 595 adolescents（50.59% girls; Mage = 12.17 years old） who had experienced self-injury in the first year and/or second year of junior high school. The first test was conducted in December 2018, using the Adolescent Self-injury Questionnaire and the floating Center Depression scale. The second test was conducted in October 2019, and the parent-child communication scale was added on the basis of the first test.Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 8.0. The results showed that:（1） From the first year to the second year of junior high school,the depression of adolescents showed an increasing trend. The gender difference was significant, and the depression level of girls was higher than that of boys; While the growth trend of self-injury of adolescents was not obvious, whereas an obvious gender difference was shown after the second year of junior high school, and the level of self-injury of girls was higher than that of boys.（2） The simultaneous and successive correlations between depression and self-injury in adolescents were significant.（3） Pre-test depression in adolescents was a significant predictor of post-test self-injury.However, the predictive effect of pre-test self-injury on post-test depression was not obvious.（4） Both post-test father-child communication and posttest mother-child communication had a negative moderating effect between the level of pre-test depression and post-test self-injury in adolescents.In summary, from the perspective of development, this study confirms that depression in the first year of junior high school is a predictor of self-injury behavior in the second year, but only with lack of parent-child communication. This predictive effect is not significant with greater fatherchild communication and mother-child communication, suggesting that good parent-child communication significantly moderates the effect of prior depression on self-injurious behavior in adolescents. These results reveal the interaction mechanism between depression and self-injury in adolescents,expand and enhance the understanding of the development mechanism of psychological and behavioral problems in Chinese adolescents, which is of great significance for the formulation of targeted adolescent intervention measures.

The present study examined the association between interparental conflict and adolescent depression, and explored the moderating role of school connectedness in this association, in a Chinese context. Data were analyzed from 867 Chinese adolescents who completed the survey at 2 time points. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that interparental conflict in 7th grade adolescents significantly predicted depression in 8th grade, but adolescent depression in 7th grade was not a significant predictor of interparental conflict in 8th grade. In addition, there was a significant negative moderating effect of school connectedness, as high levels of school connectedness reduced the negative effect of interparental conflict on adolescent depression. Thus, the association between interparental conflict and adolescent depression has a unidirectional prediction. School connectedness can relieve the adverse effects of interparental conflict on adolescent depression.

通过学校联结问卷和自尊量表对361名初一的留守儿童进行追踪测查,以探究学校联结与留守儿童自尊的相互预测关系.结果表明:1.前、后测的学校联结和自尊均有显著差异,前测高于后测;2.前、后测的学校联结和自尊呈显著的正向相关;3.前测学校联结可以显著正向预测后测自尊,前测自尊也可以显著正向预测后测学校联结;4.性别的多组比较发现,男生中,前测学校联结能预测后测自尊;女生中,前测自尊能预测后测学校联结.研究得出的结论是留守儿童的学校联结与自尊是一种互相促进、互为因果的双向关系,而这种双向关系存在性别差异.