IntroductionHigh-temperature stress significantly impacts Cry1Ac endotoxin efficacy in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton, yet the effects of realistic day/night temperature fluctuation remain unclear.MethodsHence, a 2-year (2021-2022) plot experiment was carried out to investigate the response of square Cry1Ac endotoxin concentration to fluctuating high temperature (HDT/NNT, 38/27 °C) compared with a control treatment (CK, 32/25 °C) in cultivars ‘Sikang 1’ and ‘Sikang 3’.ResultsThe results indicated that the Cry1Ac endotoxin concentration remained stable under CK but decreased significantly under HDT/NNT only after 7 days of stress, with the decline intensifying over time. In 2021, the reduction was 14.18% and 30.88% on the 7th day and 10th day for S1, respectively, and 11.32% and 25.21% for S3. Physiologically, this reduction coincided with decreased soluble protein content and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities, alongside increased free amino acid content and protease and peptidase activities.DiscussionWe hypothesize that normal night temperatures provide temporary physiological compensation against daytime high-temperature stress damage, maintaining a dynamic balance between Cry1Ac synthesis and degradation. However, as high-temperature stress persists between 4 and 7 days, the cumulative damage exceeds the nighttime compensatory capacity limit, which quantitatively and qualitatively disrupts this metabolic equilibrium by day 7, accelerating endotoxin loss. In summary, prolonged high-temperature stress (approximately 1 week) at the peak square stage in the field environments requires close monitoring and timely agricultural interventions.

To identify risk factors for PICC-related bloodstream infections (PICC-CRBSI) in patients with hematologic malignancies and to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for clinical risk assessment. This retrospective cohort study included 764 patients with hematologic malignancy who had PICC from a tertiary center (2021–2024). LASSO regression identified key predictors after addressing class imbalance via SMOTE-NC in the training set (n = 534). A multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a predictive nomogram, subsequently validated in a validation set (n = 230). Model performance was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves with bootstrap resampling, and decision curve analysis (DCA). In our cohort, the occurrence of PICC-CRBSI infections was 6.02

This study aimed to develop and apply a nomogram with good accuracy to predict the risk of CRAB infections in neuro-critically ill patients. In addition, the difficulties and expectations of application such a tool in clinical practice was investigated. A mixed methods sequential explanatory study design was utilized. We first conducted a retrospective study to identify the risk factors for the development of CRAB infections in neuro-critically ill patients; and further develop and validate a nomogram predictive model. Then, based on the developed predictive tool, medical staff in the neuro-ICU were received an in-depth interview to investigate their opinions and barriers in using the prediction tool during clinical practice. The model development and validation is carried out by R. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed by Maxqda. In our cohort, the occurrence of CRAB infections was 8.63

目的 总结预防医学课程思政研究现状及热点,探索未来可能的研究趋势.方法 利用CiteSpace软件对中国知网数据库中的915篇预防医学课程思政相关论文进行统计分析.结果 发文量于2019—2021年连续3年快速增长,预防医学课程思政研究热点聚焦在内涵建设、教学实践、课程建设及师资培养4个方面.结论 高校要持续丰富预防医学课程思政内涵,创新预防医学课程思政实施方法,提升专业课教师课程思政教学能力,不断挖掘并更新预防医学思政元素,完善课程思政教学效果评价体系,推动预防医学课程思政的开展.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a user-friendly nomogram model to evaluate the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in neuro-critically ill patients.Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 537 patients with indwelling catheters admitted to the neuro-intensive care unit. Patients' general information, laboratory examination findings, and clinical characteristics were collected. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to develop the nomogram for the prediction of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in this group of patients. The discriminative capacity, calibration ability, and clinical effectiveness of the nomogram were evaluated.Results: The occurrence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections was 3.91 % and Escherichia coli was the major causative pathogen. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age & GE; 60 years (odds ratio: 35.2, 95 % confidence interval: 2.3-550.8), epilepsy (39.3, 5.1-301.4), a length of neuro-intensive care stay > 30 days (272.2, 8.3-8963.5), and low albumin levels (< 35 g/L) (12.1, 2.1-69.9) were independent risk factors associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infection in neuro-intensive care patients. The nomogram demonstrated good calibration and discrimination in both the training and the validation sets. The model exhibited good clinical use since the decision curve analysis covered a large threshold probability.Conclusions: We developed a user-friendly nomogram to predict catheter-associated urinary tract ibfection in neuro-intensive care patients. The nomogram incorporated clinical variables collected on admission (age, admission diagnosis, and albumin levels) and the length of stay and enabled the effective prediction of the likelihood of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop and validate a simple-to-use nomogram model to assess the risk of infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in neurocritically ill patients. The clinical data of 544 patients with CRKP infection admitted to a neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU) were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic data, laboratory test results, and clinical characteristics of patients in the neuro-ICU were collected. Subsequently, multivariate regression analysis was used to construct a nomogram to predict the risk of CRKP infection in these patients. The calibration ability, clinical effectiveness, and discriminative ability of the nomogram were evaluated. The incidence of CRKP infection was estimated to be 6.43%, and a majority of bacterial isolates causing the infection were found in sputum (74.3%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the number of antibiotics of ≥2 [odds ratio (OR): 9.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.78–29.71], undergoing surgery (OR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.09–13.54), and long neuro-ICU stay (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14) were associated with CRKP infection in neurocritically ill patients. The nomogram model demonstrated good calibration and discrimination in both the training and validation sets, with area under the curve values of 0.860 and 0.907, respectively. This study developed and validated a nomogram that combines three easily accessed variables during clinical practice to predict the risk of nosocomial CRKP infection in neuro-ICU patients. The tool demonstrated a good predictive performance and discrimination, which might serve as a useful tool to facilitate early detection and reduction of the CRKP infection risk in neurocritically ill patients. IMPORTANCE Patients in neuro-ICU are at a high risk of developing nosocomial CRKP infection owing to complex conditions, critical illness, and frequent invasive procedures. However, studies focused on constructing prediction models for assessing the risk of CRKP infection in neurocritically ill patients are lacking at present. Therefore, this study aims to establish a simple-to-use nomogram for predicting the risk of CRKP infection in patients admitted to the neuro-ICU. Three easily accessed variables were included in the model, including the number of antibiotics used, surgery, and the length of neuro-ICU stay. This nomogram might serve as a useful tool to facilitate early detection and reduction of the CRKP infection risk of neurocritically ill patients.

-BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract in-fections (CAUTIs) are the most common device-associated infections in hospitals and can be prevented. To identify the risk factors and develop a risk prediction model for CAUTIs among neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU) patients.-METHODS: All patients admitted to the NICU of a tertiary hospital between January 2019 and January 2020 were enrolled. Two decision tree models were applied to analyze the risk factors associated with CAUTIs in NICU patients. The performance of the decision tree model was evaluated.-RESULTS: A total of 537 patients admitted to the NICU with indwelling catheters were recruited for this study. The rate of CAUTIs was 4.44 per 1000 catheter days, and Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen causing CAUTIs among indwelling catheter patients. The classifi-cation and regression tree model displayed good power of prediction (area under the curve : 0.920). Nine CAUTI risk factors (age double dagger 60 years (P = 0.004), Glasgow Coma Scale score 8 pound (P = 0.009), epilepsy at admission (P = 0.007), admission to the hospital during the summer (P < 0.001), ventilators use (P = 0.007), receiving less than 2 types of antibiotics (P < 0.001), albumin level <35 g/L (P = 0.002),female gender (P = 0.002), and having an indwelling catheter for 7-14 days (P = 0.001) were also identified.-CONCLUSION: We developed a novel scoring model for predicting the risk of CAUTIs in patients with neuro-critical illness in daily clinical practice. This model identified several risk factors for CAUTI among NICU patients, novel factors including epilepsy and admission during the sum -mer, can be used to help providers prevent and reduce the risk of CAUTI among vulnerable groups.

目的 分析我国近10年脑卒中预测相关研究的发展态势和趋势,为我国学者进一步开展脑卒中预防、诊断、治疗及预后的预测研究提供参考.方法 检索2011-2020年中国知网(China national knowledge infrastructure,CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)数据库中收录的脑卒中预测主题相关的中/英文文献,运用CiteSpace进行可视化分析.结果 共检索获得文献9121篇,脑卒中预测研究热点集中在脑卒中发病风险和不良预后的预测研究,近几年的研究前沿主要集中于预测数理模型方法的推进.结论 脑卒中的发病风险因素的预测研究为基层医护开展一级预防,实现"医院-社区-家庭"的三级联动提供了重要科学依据;诊疗及预后相关预测模型为脑卒中患者的个性化医疗、护理和康复提供参考;脑卒中预测研究结果在三级预防过程中的实践转化将是未来研究的重要方向.

目的 系统评价我国市售消毒奶中抗生素残留现状及检测技术,为奶制品质量监管以及检测标准的方法制定提供参考.方法 系统检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、知网、万方和维普数据库(建库至2020年7月31日).纳入调查我国市售消毒奶抗生素残留率的研究,采用NOS量表评价纳入研究质量.结果 本研究共纳入文献26篇(中文23篇,英文3篇).26篇文献报道了来自于中国至少22个省份3165份市售消毒奶的抗生素残留率.荟萃分析显示,四环素、青霉素和土霉素是市售奶抗生素残留主动监测频率最高的3种抗生素.喹诺酮、磺胺甲恶唑和链霉素是我国近30年来市售奶中残留率最高的三大抗生素.在检测方法中,我国最常用的方法是TTC法(2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑).结论 虽然我国市售消毒奶抗生素残留情况有所改善,但仍需要加强对有抗奶的主动监测.特别是建立基于供应链划分的风险评估体系,研发成本低、操作简便、结果稳定检测手段是开展主动监测的重要保障.

Antibiotic residues (ARs) in food of animal origin are of worldwide concern, particularly in China, the world's largest producer and consumer of antibiotics. Aiming to provide a reference for the use of antibiotics in dairy cows, for supervision and management departments in the detection of related antibiotics, and for guiding the safe use of antibiotics in food, this systematic review was carried out to determine the prevalence of ARs and antibiotic detection techniques in Chinese milk over the past three decades. The systematic review follows the PRSIMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Both English (Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science) and Chinese databases (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WanFang Database) were systematically searched, from inception to 31 July 2020. Among the 3131 citations screened, 46 active surveillance cross-sectional studies published between 1988 and 2020 in 26 Chinese provinces were eligible, providing antibiotic levels for a total of 8788 milk samples. Although the AR rates in fresh and sterilized milk fluctuate, they have largely declined in recent years. Among the 18 evaluated antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim are primary antibiotics with high residual rates. The most frequently used technique to monitor antibiotic levels in milk is 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. This review confirmed the importance of food safety monitoring and surveillance systems in preventing antibiotic exceedances in food. Several lessons learned from antibiotic surveillance and supervision in China were revealed. The provision of education to rural farmers should be strengthened to enhance their knowledge on antibiotic use in animal agriculture. Moreover, a standard operational protocol for screening and targeting antibiotics in dairy products should be considered to increase the comparability between cross-sectional active surveillance studies of AR in milk.

为了解江苏部分地区规模化肉羊场口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫的免疫情况,采用ELISA法对2017～2019年江苏省7个地区规模化养殖场的临床健康肉羊血液样品进行口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫抗体检测.结果 显示:2017年,口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率70.85％,达到国家规定(70％);2018和2019年,未达到国家规定.2017、2018、2019年,小反刍兽疫免疫抗体合格率分别为93.97％、75.71％和83.33％,均符合国家规定.结果 表明,应进一步加强肉羊口蹄疫的免疫接种,有助于该地区其他动物口蹄疫的防控.

•Surveillance plays a crucial role in controlling and preventing food hazards.•Sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim were most commonly detected.•Beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides were most frequently tested.•This review has a certain guiding role for the safe use of antibiotics in food.

目的 基于主题建模的文本分析思路,开展传染病相关科学主题的内容挖掘和呈现,尝试从文本建模视角呈现我国传染病科学主题的演变趋势.方法 收集中国知识资源总库(CNKI)中传染病相关论文,使用文档语义结构挖掘工具集gensim对其标题与摘要进行文本预处理与特征转化,呈现和绘制传染病相关科学主题的演进模式,基于机器学习工具scikit-learn的LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation)和主题邻近度计算的文本挖掘方法.结果 对我国近30年间发表的2 594篇以传染病为主题的期刊文献进行分析,我国传染病相关研究可划分为"传染病特性研究"、"传染病防控防疫"、"数理分析与预测研究"3大主题.主要研究方法为问卷调查法、传染病模型、假设检验、动力学模型等.结论 新发传染病的暴发流行极大地促进了传染病学主题研究文献的发表.近年来与数学、计算机、经管、情报领域的关联越发紧密,传染病学研究呈现出与多学科多方法交叉融合的发展态势.

目的 在全球化进程不断加快的背景下,各国面对境外输入性传染病的风险和防控压力日益增加.本研究以2000-2020年间开展的输入性传染病的相关文献为基础,对该领域研究热点和前沿进行可视化分析.方法 以2000-2020年间中国知网(CNKI)中文数据库中的输入性传染病相关论文为研究对象,使用CiteSpace5.7.R3进行可视化分析.结果 检索到2000-2020年符合要求的文献256篇,国内输入性传染病相关研究的数量稳步增长,其中发文量最高的期刊是《中华疾病控制杂志》和《旅游医学杂志》,发文量最多的作者是戴俊和吴海磊.研究热点主要集中在输入性疟疾和输入性登革热的防控,以及输入性传染病的口岸卫生检疫和监测.研究前沿聚焦于输入性登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒的防控和输入性传染病相关的流行病学调查.结论 输入性传染病研究内容在近年不断丰富,但是防控措施和策略相关研究依然缺乏.未来应加强各卫生检疫机构与高校之间的合作,聚焦国内重点输入传染病种类并充分利用流行病学方法进行深入探索.