BACKGROUND:Although sensor arrays are powerful for discriminating glycosaminoglycans, the construction of a sensor array is usually cost and labour inefficient. With the purpose to acquire a high dimensional response data using only a limited number of dyes, the rational assembly of fluorescent dye molecules may provide an alternative approach. We envision that co-assembling different dyes within a supramolecular structure can trigger multiple photophysical processes, which should produce high dimensional optical signals. RESULTS:A supramolecular AIEgen-porphyrin co-assembly is synthesized by assembling a negatively charged AIEgen (TPE) and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) on the surface of a cationic polymer saying poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). With the co-assembly strategy, the aggregation-induced emission of TPE, the aggregation-caused quenching characteristic of TCPP, and especially, the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer efficiency from TPE to TCPP can be manipulated by a dynamic dye assembly approach. A sensor array is thus readily constructed by varying the loading ratio of TPE and TCPP on the surface of PDDA. SIGNIFICANCE:The sensor array is determined to be powerful for pattern recognition of various glycosaminoglycans even in 100% serum media through competitive compaction or removal of the aggregated TPE and TCPP dyes on the PDDA surface. It can be successfully applied for accurate and reliable detecting trace GAG analogues in Hep samples and identifying unknown GAG samples with an accuracy of 96.88%.

The increasingly severe challenge of global plastic pollution has spurred significant interest inphotocatalytic upcycling, a sustainable strategy which utilizes solar energy to convert plastic waste into valuable chemicals. This article systematically examines the detailed reaction mechanisms of photocatalytic plastic upcycling and elucidates the critical role of pretreatment in overcoming the intrinsic chemical inertness of polymers. Furthermore, it highlights recent advances in upcycling major plastic categories, including polyesters, polyolefins, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride, with a dedicated discussion on the design principles of high-performance photocatalysts and their underlying reaction pathways. The discussion also extends to the systematic evaluation of strategies for upgrading mixed plastics, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for enhancing conversion efficiency and scalability. Finally, the emerging bottlenecks to industrialization are identified, and prospects for future development are proposed.

A photoinduced copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent remote alkynylation of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with terminal alkynes via 1,4-heteroaryl migration has been developed. A broad scope of heteroaryl-tethered chiral alkynes has been synthesized with good regio- and enantioselectivities. The chiral-ligand-coordinated copper species plays a dual role as both the photoredox and cross-coupling catalyst. This methodology provides a new platform for enantioconvergent remote alkynylations.

Au particles are commonly used for deposition on the surface of a bipolar electrode (BPE) in order to amplify electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal because of their excellent conductivity, biocompatibility, and large surface area. In this work, a closed BPE device was fabricated and Au particles were deposited on the two poles of a BPE via bipolar deposition. Results indicated that the electrochemical stability of Au film on the anode part of the BPE and the reduction of AuCl4– to Au on the cathode part of the BPE depended on the conductivity of the solution. The prepared Au–Au BPE exhibited a remarkable amplification effect on the ECL signal. Then, a specific sensing interface was constructed on one pole of the BPE for the visual detection of prostate-specific antigens (PSA) based on sandwich-type immunoreactions between primary PSA antibodies (Ab1) on the electrode surface, PSA, and SiO2 nanoparticles labeled secondary PSA antibodies (SiO2-Ab2). The designed biosensor exhibited a good linear relationship for the ECL detection of PSA in the range of 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−10 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9866; the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.5 × 10−11 g/mL. Additionally, the biosensor can realize the electrochemical imaging of PSA by regulating the electrochemical oxidation of the Au anode with the immunoreactions on the cathode part of BPE. Therefore, the small, portable and highly sensitive biosensors have great potential for on-site detection.

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a typical kind of antibiotics, which has posed a severe threat to nature and human beings due to its wide application. In this study, cobalt-bismuth bimetallic composite anchored on carbon derived from cigarette butts (Co-Bi@CCB) was prepared to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the removal of CAP. Our results demonstrated Co-Bi@CCB not only possessed excellent catalytic performance, but also significantly limited metal ions dissolution. Over 98% of CAP (10 mg/L) was degraded in the presence of Co-Bi@CCB (0.05 g/L) and PMS (1 mM) within 20 min at pH = 7. Quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry confirmed that SO4 center dot-, (OH)-O-center dot, and O-1(2) led to the rapid decomposition of CAP. Combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Co-Bi@CCB before and after reaction, the mechanism of PMS activation was deduced. Finally, the possible pathways of CAP degradation was further speculated according to the intermediates determination by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with high resolution mass spectrometer (HPLC-HRMS). Thus, the present study provides a new strategy to utilize discarded cigarette butts (recycled materials) as a carrier to fabricate novel and efficient catalysts to activate PMS for the removal of organic contaminants.

Over the past decades, the development of novel catalysts on the degradation of organic pollutants has attracted increasing attention. In this work, we synthesized silver decorated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA/Ag NPs) to activate H2O2 for organic pollutants removal via advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The catalyst was prepared through in-situ reduction of AgNO3 by the polydopamine (PDA) layer on Fe3O4 NPs. Chemiluminescence results obtained from luminol/H2O2 system revealed that the catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic effect on the decomposition of H2O2 into reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide radical (O2-) was mainly responsible for the oxidative degradation. Importantly, the fast evolution frequency of oxygen gas bubbles produced in the reaction of Ag NPs and H2O2 could generate vigorous fluid convection and autonomous motion of catalyst when H2O2 concentration reached 1%. Additionally, the catalyst can suspend in solution for several minutes. Therefore, by coupling the vigorous motion with slow sedimentation velocity, the catalyst can realize rapid degradation of organic pollutants without external mixing force. The Fe3O4@PDA/Ag NPs catalysts not only showed a high removal efficiency of malachite green, but also can be applied for the degradation of other dyes, making it to be a promise candidate for environmental remediation. With the merits of excellent catalytic effect, fast degradation speed, and simplicity of operation, the prepared catalysts exhibits great potential in the practical field.

本试验旨在探讨百里香酚与迷迭香酸组合对脂多糖(LPS)攻毒大鼠生长性能、炎症反应和肠道健康的影响,为百里香酚与迷迭香酸组合在动物生产方面的开发和应用提供参考.试验选取40只21日龄SD大鼠,随机分为4组,分别为对照组(Con组)、百里香酚组(Thy组)、迷迭香酸组(Ros?A组)、百里香酚×迷迭香酸组(Thy×Ros?A组),每组10只(公母各占1/2).Thy组、Ros?A组和Thy×Ros?A组每天分别按照20 mg/kg BW百里香酚、20 mg/kg BW迷迭香酸、10 mg/kg BW百里香酚+10 mg/kg BW迷迭香酸的剂量对大鼠进行灌胃操作,Con组每天灌胃等量的生理盐水.所有大鼠连续灌胃14 d.在试验第13天,各组大鼠腹腔注射500μg/kg BW的LPS溶液建立急性肠道炎症模型.结果显示:与Con组相比,Thy×Ros?A组大鼠的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),空肠黏膜绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),并且空肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白闭锁连接蛋白-1(ZO?1)、咬合蛋白(Occludin)和闭合蛋白-1(Claudin?1)的mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05).16S rRNA测序结果表明,与Con组相比,Thy×Ros?A组厚壁菌门(Fimicutes)的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),链球菌属(Streptococcus)、嗜气性杆菌属(Rodentibacter)和罗斯氏菌属(Rothia)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05).与Con组相比,Thy×Ros?A组空肠食糜中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸浓度显著提高(P<0.05),空肠黏膜中总超氧化物歧化酶(T?SOD)活性和白细胞介素-10(IL?10)含量显著提高(P<0.05),髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、白细胞介素-6(IL?6)含量显著降低(P<0.05).由此得出,百里香酚与迷迭香酸组合能够提高大鼠的生长性能,预防和减少LPS攻毒引起的肠道炎症反应和屏障损伤,改善肠道健康.百里香酚与迷迭香酸组合的效果优于百里香酚或迷迭香酸单一成分的效果.

Iron deficiency is considered a common nutritional problem for suckling piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combination of oral lactoferrin and iron injection on iron levels, antioxidant ability and cytokine activity in suckling piglets. A total of sixty suckling piglets taken from six sows (10 piglets per litter) with a similar parity were chosen. The lactoferrin (LF) group was orally administrated with lactoferrin solution (0.5 g/kg body weight per day) for a week, the CON group was orally administrated with the same dose of physiological saline. Each piglet (all groups) was given 100 mg of iron dextran (FeDex) by intramuscular injection at the third day of age. Six piglets (n = 6) from each group were euthanized on days 8 and 21. The oral lactoferrin improved the iron level of suckling piglets by increasing the concentrations of serum hemoglobin and hepatic iron on day 8. Gene expression of lactoferrin receptor (LFR) was significantly increased in the LF group piglets on day 8, while duodenal protein expression of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) was significantly reduced in the LF group on day 8. In addition, oral lactoferrin enhanced serum T-AOC activities and duodenal SOD activities on day 21. The LF piglets had a significantly increased serum concentration of IL-10 on day 8. These results indicated that a combination of oral lactoferrin and iron injection is a more effective method of improving the iron level by up-regulating the expression of the LFR gene, enhancing the antioxidant ability and modulating the cytokine activity in the suckling piglets.

The objective of the present study was to explore the changes in fatty acids (FAs) and minerals composition in sow milk in order to improve the knowledge about FAs and mineral requirements for piglets. The FAs and minerals composition in the sow milk samples which were collected from ten sows during a period of 16 days of lactation was analysed. The proportion of FAs in sow milk has a significant increase in C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C14:1 and C16:1 FAs and the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) according to the lactation period (p < 0.05). The proportion of C18:2 cis-9,12 FA and the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) significantly decreased with the advancing of lactation (p < 0.05). The concentrations of minerals, including potassium, copper, manganese and zinc, were higher on day 1 and day 2 than those on day 13 and day 16 (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the lowest concentrations of calcium, sodium, magnesium and iron and the lowest molar calcium: phosphorus ratio emerged in colostrum (p < 0.05). In summary, our results demonstrated FAs profile and minerals concentrations were changed with lactation period. Better understanding of the changes of FAs and minerals may be valuable to swine nutritionists in the commercial industry. In addition, those results provided some meaningful information for sow's diet formulation during lactation.

This study was to establish a rapid and precise method with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determination of lysozyme,lactoferrin,α-lactalbumin,serum albumin and β-1actoglobulin.Chromatographic columns such as Supelcosil C18 (250 mm × 4.6mm,5 μm) and Xbridge TM Sneild RP C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) were used separately.The chromatographic separation was performed using the following eluents:solvent A,0.1％ trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in a solution of acetonitrile (ACN)-H2O (5:95);and solvent B,0.1％ TFA in ACN-H2O (95:5).The results showed that the five proteins could be well separated.The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 25-1 000 mg · L-1 with all the correlation coefficients higher than 0.99 and the relative standard deviations lower than 5％,the recoveries of the five proteins were in the ranges of 91％-97％.The detection limits of lysozyme,lactoferrin,α-lactalbumin,serum albumin and β-lactoglobulin were 0.2,4.0,0.6,0.3 and 1.0 mg · L-1,respectively.The whey proteins in sow milk were determined using this method.The results showed that the contents of β-lactoglobulin,lysozyme,lactoferrin and serum albumin decreased gradually within 16 days after the parturition,the contents of them were the highest on the first day and were 17.2,0.224,2.0 and 15.6 g · L-1,respectively.The contents of β-lactoglobulin,lysozyme,lactoferrin and serum albumin were the lowest on the sixteenth day after parturition and were 5.6,0.092,0.5 and 3.6 g · L-1,respectively.The content of α-lactalbumin increased gradually after parturition,with the highest value of about 3.3 g · L-1 on the seventh day;however,the content of α-lactalbumin decreased to and remained at 3.1 g · L-1.In conclusion,the HPLC method here to determine whey proteins could effectively detect the contents of whey proteins in sow milk.

ortho-Nitrochlorobenzene (o-NCB) in soil poses significant health risks to human because of its persistence and high toxicity. The removal of o-NCB by both zero-valent iron (ZVI) and chemical oxidation (persulfate) was investigated by batch experiments. The o-NCB removal rate increases significantly from 15.1 to 97.3 % with an increase of iron dosage from 0.1 to 1.0 mmol g−1. The o-NCB removal rate increases with the decrease of the initial solution pH, and a removal efficiency of 90.3 % is obtained at an initial pH value of 6.8 in this combined system. It is found that temperature and soil moisture could also increase the o-NCB removal rate. The o-NCB degradation rate increases from 83.9 to 96.2 % and from 41.5 to 82.4 % with an increase of temperature (15 to 35 °C) and soil moisture (0.25 to 1.50 mL g−1), respectively. Compared to the persulfate oxidation system and ZVI system, the persulfate–iron system shows high o-NCB removal capacity. o-NCB removal rates of 41.5 and 62.4 % are obtained in both the persulfate oxidation system and the ZVI system, while the removal rate of o-NCB is 90.3 % in the persulfate–iron system.

Size fractions of soil aggregates in Lake Tai region were collected by the low-energy ultrasonic dispersion and the freeze-desiccation methods. The dissolution of aluminum and changes of pH in soil solution during sorption of Cu2+ and changes of the dissolution of aluminum at different pH in the solution of Cu2+ by aggregates were studied by the equilibrium sorption method. The results showed that in the process of Cu2+ sorption by aggregates, the aluminum was dissoluted and the pH decreased. The elution amount of aluminum and the decrease of pH changed with the sorption of Cu2+, both increasing with the increase of Cu2+ sorption. Under the same conditions, the dissolution of aluminum and the decrease of pH were in the order of coarse silt fraction > silt fraction > sand fraction > clay fraction, which was negatively correlated with the amount of iron oxide, aluminum and organic matter. It suggested that iron oxide, aluminum and organic matters had inhibitory and buffering effect on the aluminum dissolution and the decrease of pH during the sorption of Cu2+.

The different particle size fractions of paddy soil were separated using the low-energy ultrasonic dispersion and siphon sedimentation methods, and the effects of different phosphate concentrations on the characteristics of the adsorption and the adsorption kinetics of cadmium and chromium4+ by aggregates in paddy soil were studied by the constant temperature oscillation method. The results show that the adsorption amount of Cd2+ is lower than that of the untreated soil when the adsorption capacities of phosphate by the sand, coarse silt, silt and clay are less than 50, 46, 50 and 97 mg·kg-1, respectively, and the adsorption amount of Cd2+ is more than that of the untreated soil when the adsorption amounts of phosphate are more than the above values, respectively, indicating that the low adsorption of phosphate inhibits the adsorption of Cd2+, while the high adsorption of phosphate favors the adsorption of Cd2+. With the increase of phosphate adsorption, the adsorption of Cd2+ changes in a trough shape variation. However, the aggregates inhibit the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ)significantly after the adsorption of phosphate. The adsorption amounts of Cd2+ and Cr(Ⅵ) by the aggregates pretreated by phosphate are in the order: cosmid > sand > coarse silt > silt, which is the same as the order of the concentrations of organic matter and free iron oxide. The adsorption process of Cd2+ by the aggregates is divided into two stages, which are the fast period and the slow period. In the fast adsorption period, the adsorption is fitted best by first-order kinetic equation, while in the slow period, it is fitted best by the diffusion equation and the Elovich equation, suggesting that the adsorption process is controlled by the different adsorption factors, and the adsorption kinetic constant of Cd2+ increases when the aggregates adsorb phosphate. The adsorption process of Cr(Ⅵ) by the aggregates does not have the fast and slow periods, and the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) by the aggregates can be best described by the double constant rate equation and the Elovich equation, and the adsorption kinetic constant of Cr(Ⅵ) decreases after the aggregates adsorb phosphate. The effect of phosphate on the adsorption of heavy metals in the soil was related to the types of metal ions as well as the adsorption amount of phosphate. Therefore, the types of metal ions and application amount of phosphate fertilizer should be paid attention to during the restoration of the heavy metal contaminated soil using the phosphate fertilizer.

Electrostatic spinning nanofibers were used as carriers for SPME column which was applied to enrich formaldehyde from shrimps,and its adsorbility toward formaldehyde were studied in detail.Adsorption capacity of 5mg·kg-1 for HCHO was found by passing 5mg·L-1 HCHO solution through the SPME column packed with 7mg of the nanofiber.The formaldehyde on the surface of the nanofibers was completely desorbed by extracting with acetone-H2 O(17+83)mixture,and derivatized with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride.The derivate was determined by single scanning polarography.In an acetate buffer solution of pH 5.6,a sensitive reduction peak of derivate of formaldehyde was observed at the potential of-832mV.Linear relationship between values of peak current and mass concentration of formaldehyde was obtained in the range of 2.0×10-2-2.5×10-1 mg·L-1 with detection limit(3S/N)of 3.5×10-3 mg·L-1.Test for recovery was made by adding standard solution to blank shrimp sample,giving values of recovery in the range of 81.6%-96.7% and RSD(n=7)ranged from 2.6% to 4.4%.

A new method for determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene-in vegetable oils was developed. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) prior to high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection could be used for all those PAHs except acenaphthylene. Acenaphthylene could be detected using a diode array detector at 228 nm. The parameters and variables that affect the extraction were investigated. Under optimum conditions: the extract reagent was centrifuged at 4 °C and evaporated. After that a SPE procedure was used for further cleanup. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.01-2.35 and 0.04-7.00 μg kg(-1) in vegetable oil, respectively. The relative standard deviations were under 5%.

A novel method was used to detect reduction benzidine by microchip capillary electrophoresis with an end-column amperometric detector at the three-electrodes system.According to the fact that trichlorfon has the capacity to catalyze the oxidation of benzidine in the presence of sodium perborate,a linear relationship between the concentration of trichlorfon and the decreasing concentration of benzidine was obtained.Based on this,a method for the indirect determination of trichlorfon was developed.The effect of experimental factors,such as concentration and pH of buffer solution,injection time,separation voltage and detection potential,on separation efficiency and amperometric response were assessed and optimized.Under the optimized experimental conditions,there is a linear relationship between trichlorfon in the concentration range of 20-400 μg/L and the peak areas of benzidine(r=0.991 3).The limit of detection was 10 μg/L.

An electrospinning polystyrene nanofiber is used for materials of solid phase micro-extraction (SPME).By using 10% acetone aqueous solution as a carrier liquid and acetone as an eluent,trace SudanⅡ in chili powder are enriched.SudanⅡ shows a sensitive reduction peak at-0.93 V on its linear sweep polarogram in a buffer solution of borax-NaOH (pH 11.5) with acetone as a co-solvent to dissolve it.The peak current is linearly proportional to the concentration of sudanⅡin the range from 2×10-2 to 2×10-1 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9947.The detection limit is 3×10-3 mg/L.This method is applied to the determination of sudanⅡ in chili powder with the recoveries of 78.0%～85.7%.

A cloud point extraction(CPE) method was used to separate and concentrate malachite green(MG) and crystal violet (CV) in shrimp samples followed by HPLC-diode-array detector(DAD) analysis was developed.The effects of surfactant,salt additive,equilibration time and the equilibration temperature on extraction efficiency were studied.The method was applied to determine residues in shrimp samples.Under optimum conditions,recoveries of spiked shrimp sample,relative standard deviations (RSD) and the limit of detection of MG were 75.5%-80.2%,2.3%-3.1%and 2.0μg·kg~(-1),and CV were 81.4%-89.6%, 1.5%-3.3%and 1.0μg·kg~(-1),respectively.The results obtained by the proposed method were suitable for the requirements of China and EU.

Melamine shows a polarographic wave at-0.34 V(vs.SCE) in a solution of KOH-Na2SO3,and the second derivative peak current of the wave is linearly proportional to the melamine concentration in the range from 1.0×10-2 to 10.0 mg/L(r=0.9992).Melamine in milk samples can not be directly determined by the polarographic method because of the interference of colloidal protein in milk.In this paper,many methods were studied for dispelling the interference.When the concentration of NaCl in milk was 150 g/L and the solution was kept at 100 ℃ for 10 min,the interference of colloidal protein could be avoided.In the case,the linear sweep polarographic method could be used for the determination of melamine in milk.The peak current was linearly proportional to the melamine concentration in the range of 0.4～10.0 mg/L with the detection limit of 0.1 mg/L.The recoveries were between 78.2% and 92.5%.The whole determination procedure could be completed in 20 min.