Green building rating systems aim to evaluate and improve the environmental performance of buildings. While international rating systems are recognized global scale, others are adapted to the specific requirements of countries. The Moroccan Building Sustainability Assessment Framework (MBSAF) for residential buildings was developed using a triple bottom line approach to sustainability, explicitly reflecting Morocco's environmental, economic, and social priorities. Assessment categories were selected through a two-round Delphi method, applying experts from academia, architecture, and engineering consulting firms. Interrater Agreement demonstrated progressive consensus, with Kendall's W progressing from 0.12 to 0.25. Chi-square across 28 degrees of freedom confirmed the convergence of expert opinions and highlighted the influence of professional affiliation on judgment patterns. The final MBSAF framework comprises 13 assessment categories and 50 subcategories. Health and well-being (HW), Energy efficiency (EE), and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) emerged as the highest priority categories. Developed collaboratively with a panel of local experts, the framework reflects national sustainability needs while remaining methodologically robust. Behind its contextual relevance, MBSAF demonstrates how locally adapted rating systems can coexist with international systems, enhancing local applicability while supporting cross-border comparability, knowledge exchange, and collaboration in sustainable construction.
The goal of this study is to employ an optimization algorithm to estimate the unknown electrical parameters of equivalent cell circuit of photovoltaic (PV) modules. To estimate the other parameters of the five-parameter model, the suggested approach combines numerical computations with an iterative adjustment of the shunt resistance (R_sh). Under standard test conditions (STC), a series of equations must be solved using the parameters provided in the manufacturer's data sheet. The goal of the parameter extraction criterion is to minimize the discrepancy between the power supplied by the data sheet at the maximum power point (MPP) and the simulated power.Two different solar module types monocrystalline silicon (Mono-Si) and polycrystalline silicon (Poly-Si) representing different technologies are examined in order to verify the efficacy of the suggested approach. Simulated findings are compared with characteristics taken from manufacturers' data sheets and those obtained from methods already in use in the literature, using the Relative Error as statistical criteria to assess the validity of the proposed method, the finding results are compared with the articles “A new method to extract the equivalent circuit parameters of a photovoltaic panel”[1] and “A simple iterative method to determine the electrical parameters of photovoltaic cell”[2], in addition to manufacturer data. The proposed method presents an optimum compromise between simplicity and efficiency, outperforming conventional techniques described in the literature and offering competitive performance compared with those presented in the articles by Chaibi et al.
