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Oropouche fever is an increasingly significant health concern in tropical and subtropical areas of South and Central America, and is primarily spread by midge vectors. The Oropouche virus (OROV) was first identified in 1955 and has been responsible for numerous outbreaks, particularly in urban environments. Despite its prevalence, the disease is often under-reported, making it difficult to fully understand its impact. OROV typically causes febrile illness characterized by symptoms such as headaches, muscle pain, and, occasionally, neurological issues such as meningitis. The ability of the virus to thrive in both forested and urban areas has raised concerns regarding its potential spread to new regions, particularly in the context of climate change. This paper delves into the epidemiology, clinical features, and transmission patterns of OROV, shedding light on the difficulties in diagnosing and managing the disease. The absence of specific treatments and vaccines highlights the urgent need for continued research and development of targeted public health strategies. Advancements in molecular diagnostics and vector control strategies can mitigate Oropouche fever’s impact. However, a comprehensive public health approach involving increased surveillance, public education, and cross-border collaboration is needed, especially as the global climate crisis may expand vector habitats, posing risks to previously unaffected regions.
Women's empowerment is a crucial aspect of the strategic role of Islamic boarding schools, which encompasses women's contributions in education, politics, health, and the economy. This study aims to explore the dynamics of communication processes in women's empowerment at the Ngalah Islamic Boarding School in Kediri City and to formulate a communication model that captures these mechanisms. This study employs a qualitative case study approach and draws on Joseph A. Devito's communication model, which comprises the wheel, chain, circle, Y, and star models. Data was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of activities related to women's empowerment in the Pesantren environment. The results of the study show that the communication process used in women's empowerment in PP. Ngalah comprises three main models: the chain, wheel, and star models. The chain model is evident in the process of synchronising hierarchical information, such as in book recitation activities and routine meetings. The model is evident in the pattern of communication between the caregiver or central figure and the female students, mediated by Mauidloh Hasanah and health counselling. Meanwhile, model stars are seen in participatory and interactive communication patterns that develop in entrepreneurship training and skills programs. The combination of this third model reflects the communication strategy of Islamic boarding schools that are adaptive in empowering women holistically across the spiritual, social, and economic realms.
This study presents a biogenically synthesised TiO₂–Serratia marcescens nanocomposite (TNS) for the efficient adsorption of Mn (II) from aqueous solutions using Box–Behnken Design (BBD) optimisation. The TNS material was synthesised under controlled pH conditions and characterised using SEM–EDX, TEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, and TGA–DSC, confirming a mesoporous crystalline TiO₂ framework functionalised with biomolecular groups from S. marcescens. The BBD model identified optimal conditions of 52.5 mg/L Mn (II), 0.01 g adsorbent, pH 7, 65 °C, and 92.5 min, achieving a removal efficiency of 98.7
Smallholder afforestation is essential to global carbon sequestration targets, yet climate-smart forestry (CSF) adoption in fire-prone savannah ecosystems remains theoretically under-specified and empirically constrained. This study tests whether perceived structural barriers attenuate the psychological pathways linking attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control (PBC) to CSF adoption intention. Employing a pragmatist paradigm, a cross-sectional survey (N = 344) was administered to smallholder tree growers in Nigeria’s forest-savannah transition zone. Data were analysed using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to test both direct TPB effects and moderation boundary conditions. The measurement model demonstrated adequate internal consistency for the core constructs. Path analysis indicated Attitude (β = .41, p < .001), PBC (β = .27, p < .001), and Subjective Norms (β = .23, p < .001) significantly predict adoption intention, accounting for 29.0% of the variance (R² = .29). Contrary to hypothesized structural constraint models, perceived barriers neither directly reduced intention (p = .518) nor significantly moderated the attitude-intention (p = .468) or PBC-intention (p = .221) pathways. The findings suggest subjective psychological drivers operate independently of perceived material constraints in this context, challenging the assumption whereby input-market failures inherently neutralize positive attitudes. Policy interventions must simultaneously target socio-cognitive drivers alongside structural input provision, while addressing profound cognitive-behavioural implementation gaps.
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emerging respiratory pathogen associated with significant morbidity, particularly among young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Although clinically relevant, it remains underrecognized relative to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Recent regional outbreaks, including the January 2025 surge in northern China, highlight hMPV's capacity to cause significant above-seasonal transmission events, particularly in settings with immunity debt following prolonged non-pharmaceutical interventions. This review synthesizes current knowledge on hMPV epidemiology, genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, pathogenesis, host immune interactions, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic and vaccine development efforts. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect with no publication date restriction, using MeSH and free-text terms including "hMPV," "epidemiology," "immune response," "diagnosis," "treatment," and "pandemic preparedness." Relevant reference lists were hand-searched to identify additional studies. Eligible articles included molecular, clinical, observational, and epidemiological studies; case reports and commentaries were excluded unless they provided unique outbreak insights. Findings emphasize that hMPV represents a growing public health concern due to limited awareness, diagnostic overlap with other viral pathogens, and the absence of targeted therapeutics or licensed vaccines. Strengthened surveillance, improved diagnostic capacity, and accelerated research into immunopathogenesis and vaccine platforms are urgently needed. Integrating hMPV into regional outbreak preparedness frameworks rather than pandemic-level frameworks applicable to influenza or SARS-CoV-2 while fostering collaborative research and proportionate public health communication, is essential to mitigate its future impact.
