Kwara State University, also known as KWASU, is the 77th university to be registered by the Nigerian Universities Commission (NUC). It is the 95th university to be recognized in Nigeria.The university was established by the administration of Dr. Bukola Saraki in 2009, and envisioned to be more than a typical university in Nigeria. It was designed to be a centre for community service and entrepreneurship. In a country where the fundamental values of volunteerism and community involvement are yet to be fully embraced, The university recognises itself as a part of a community, and has the position of a Director for Community Development for the purpose of mobilizing the community, setting assessment strategies, and identifying the needs within the community so that lecturers can use their expertise to impact directly on the communities. KWASU held her first convocation on 1 June 2013 and inaugurated KWASU Alumni Association with Oyinloye Damilare Peter as the pioneer President .
High ash yield (AY) from the co-combustion of palm kernel shells (PKS) and cashew nut shells (CNS) presents significant challenges for efficient biomass combustion in a grate furnace. This study aimed to optimize AY from co-combustion of PKS, CNS and kaolin additive (KA) in a tubular furnace. Optimization of the components' mixture, and of factors such as temperature, particle size (PS) and residence time (RT), was conducted utilizing an optimal combined design within Design Expert software (version 13). AY of PKS-CNS fuel mixture, with and without KA, was then analysed using X-ray Diffraction (X-RD), to identify mineral phase compounds within the ash. Optimized composition consisted of PKS (69.6%), CNS (23.3%) and KA (7.1%), at 900 degrees C, with PS of 1.00 mm and RT of 120 min. This composition resulted in the lowest AY of 10.10% and higher heating value of 21.34 MJ/kg. X-RD analysis revealed a decrease in K-Na-Ca-Mg-Fe-Al compounds, and a significant increase in SiO2, along with disappearance of potassium chloride peaks. This suggests that optimizing PKS-CNS mixture with KA and adjusting combustion parameters significantly reduced AY and improved fuel's energy content.
The adverse effects of contaminants such as heavy metals on the environment and human health make their presence in water a major global concern. Heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium are highly toxic and originate from sources including mining, agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and improper waste disposal. Their persistence in aquatic environments leads to bioaccumulation in the food chain, posing risks of mutagenicity, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Conventional water treatment methods, such as ion exchange, chemical precipitation, and membrane filtration, have limitations related to secondary waste production, cost, and efficiency. Significant advancements in remediation technologies, like adsorption using carbon-based materials, nanomaterials, microbial biodegradation, electrochemical methods, and combined techniques, offer promising solutions for addressing heavy metal pollution. Metal-organic frameworks, functionalised polymers, and carbon-based nanomaterials possess high adsorption capacities, while bio-sorbents derived from bacteria, fungi, and algae present sustainable alternatives. Techniques such as photocatalysis and electrocoagulation are increasingly recognised as efficient and eco-friendly water treatment options. While each method has its own drawbacks, like sludge formation in chemical precipitation, high membrane demands, or limited adsorption selectivity, combining two or more approaches can mitigate these issues and enhance overall efficiency. This review critically explores the sources of heavy metals, their environmental impacts, and recent innovations in remediation, with a focus on cost-effective and sustainable solutions. Advanced treatment technologies such as electrospun membranes, photocatalysts and electrochemical systems have demonstrated 80–99
This study examines magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer of a ternary hybrid nanofluid over a rotating sphere incorporating thermophoretic particle deposition, thermal radiation, activation energy and chemical reaction effects. The nanofluid consists of Cu – Fe_3O_4 – ZrO_2 nanoparticles dispersed in propylene glycol. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations, which are solved using the Gegenbauer wavelet method. Results indicate that increasing magnetic interaction suppresses velocity due to Lorentz force effects while enhancing thermal distribution. Higher nanoparticle volume fraction improves heat transfer but increases viscous resistance. Thermophoresis and activation energy significantly influence mass transfer characteristics. Comparative analysis reveals that the ternary hybrid nanofluid exhibits enhanced thermal performance relative to the corresponding hybrid nanofluid configuration. The findings provide theoretical insight into MHD-controlled rotating nanofluid systems.
Efficient thermal management in advanced industrial systems requires improved heat transfer performance, particularly under non-Newtonian fluid behavior and complex surface geometries. This study investigates the two-dimensional flow and heat transfer characteristics of ternary hybrid nanofluids over both stationary and moving wedge surfaces using Casson and Carreau non-Newtonian fluid models. The mathematical model incorporates magnetic field effects, solar radiation, unsteadiness, and viscosity variations at limiting shear rates. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless form of ODEs and then solved numerically using the Chebyshev collocation method implemented in Mathematica 11.3. The results reveal that increasing the magnetic parameter significantly suppresses fluid velocity due to enhanced Lorentz forces, while thermal radiation intensifies the temperature distribution within the boundary layer. The wedge angle and velocity ratio parameters substantially influence shear stress and thermal boundary layer thickness. Furthermore, ternary hybrid nanofluids demonstrate superior thermal performance compared to conventional hybrid nanofluids under identical conditions. These findings provide deeper physical insight into the thermofluidic behavior of advanced nanofluid systems and highlight their potential for enhanced heat transfer applications in solar thermal systems, industrial cooling technologies, and energy conversion devices.
Purpose - The ubiquity of digital surveillance technologies is at the forefront of debates on balancing collective security while ensuring individual privacy. Ethical concerns of individual privacy, freedom and misuse are at the crux of ongoing global discourse, with the integration of artificial intelligence into surveillance further increasing the intrusive nature of these technologies. This study examined students' perception of surveillance technology and its impact on privacy. Questions articulated from the problematic bordered around the level of awareness, perception on the impact of surveillance technology, attitude towards surveillance and beliefs in the regulation of surveillance in educational institutions among others. Design/methodology/approach - This study was premised on the pragmatic paradigm involving the integration of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from 450 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Findings - Findings revealed a significant association between students' awareness of surveillance technologies and their frequency of observing them on campus (chi & sup2; = 47.80, df = 6, p < 0.001; mixed perceptions of privacy with most respondents (54.9%) feeling their privacy was moderately respected, a notable minority expressing concern over inadequate protection, and nearly a quarter (24.2%) reporting behavioural changes due to being watched; and a statistically significant positive relationship between trust in institutional data handling and confidence in data protection (rho = 0.144, p < 0.01).The qualitative responses revealed that students acknowledged the usefulness of surveillance for safety, but insisted on clear boundaries regarding scope, usage and access. This study concluded that surveillance in education was a double-edged phenomenon that enhances safety and order but raised several challenges that called for deliberate governance strategies. It was recommended that educational institutions developed clear communication strategies on the use of surveillance technologies and accompany such with privacy protection policies. Originality/value - The findings contribute to academic debates on digital ethics, governance and the balance between security and privacy in learning environments, while offering actionable recommendations for institutions to design communication strategies and privacy policies that safeguard both safety and individual rights.
