This study investigates particulate matter (PM) associated with aquatic moss as a monitor of the transfer of artificial radionuclides in the Yenisei River, which receives authorized releases of liquid radioactive wastes. Samples of aquatic moss and bottom sediments (BS) were collected in the Yenisei in September 2019–2023 close to the radioactive discharge site. PM associated with moss was recovered from samples of fresh moss in laboratory. Samples of unwashed moss, washed moss, PM retained by the moss, and BS were analyzed for contents of radionuclides using HPGe-gamma-spectrometry and alpha-spectrometry; for mineral composition – by X-ray diffraction analysis; for elemental composition – by SEM–EDS analyses. PM retained by aquatic moss constituted 13.5–43
At present, many developed countries of the world use such foods as mushrooms and berries as well as a variety of produce resulting from their processing. Among the products that are gaining popularity are environmentally clean foods, healthy lifestyle produce, foods for vegans and other population categories with special dietary requirements. Additionally, berry and mushroom processing byproducts are widely used in medicine and medical cosmetics. The dynamics of mushroom and berry production as well as of their export and import is increasing steadily in Western and Eastern countries alike. Russia has an enormous potential with its immense resources of wild mushrooms and berries, which are barely utilized: the harvesting of wild-growing plants and mushrooms constitutes no more than centesimals of one per cent of their biological stock. The aim of this study is to identify the opportunities for increasing the volume of harvesting food forest resources and the revenue from this activity, which is to flow into the budget system of the Russian Federation. The economic methods used in the research included those of vertical and horizontal analysis, scenario planning, economic modelling and logical-analytic methods. Given the considerable gains from food forest resources, even a small increase in the volumes of wild mushroom and berry harvesting can yield a substantial increase in the forest revenue, which is confirmed by the forecast offered in the article. The authors outline the key directions of the government policy conducive to attaining the goals set in the research.
The nature of changes in the state of heat supply was studied based on empirical and statistical analysis of meteorological observation data. In the Arkhangelsk and Leningrad regions and the Republic of Karelia (northwest of the European part of Russia—NWER), the dynamics of average temperatures during the growing season have similar trends of a steady increase in the average temperature during the growing season in 1960–2021. This trend has been especially pronounced since the late 1990s. The indicators are stably correlated with each other for all regions. This allowed using the averaged model to analyze the relationship between temperature and biological processes in the region under consideration. The analysis included the construction of simple second-order deterministic models of temperature dynamics and the method of decomposition into empirical modes, which made it possible to identify low-frequency temperature fluctuations along the averaged curve based on local regression using the weighted linear least squares method and a second-degree polynomial model. Despite the increase in heat supply, a sharp decrease in the frequency of outbreaks of pine sawflies was established in 1998–2003, and then their complete absence in all subjects of NWER included Arkhangelsk, Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions, the republics of Karelia and Komi. The dynamics of outbreaks of pine sawflies is not associated with changes in heat supply. The possible absence of outbreaks in the 2000s of sawflies may be due to changes in the volume and structure of the food supply and subjective factors.
The article presents taxation indicators of birch stands of different ages in the Shuya forestry district of the Ivanovo region. By the age of technical maturity, the planned yield of plywood raw materials in birch forests is on average 30 m3/ha. Marketability can be increased by targeted maintenance in stands of age classes 2–3, where the predominant areas have a high number of trees.
Speciation of artificial radionuclides in bottom sediments (BS) collected in the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) was studied, to determine temporal trends in the potential mobility of radionuclides in BS, whose releases increased (238, 239, 240Pu), decreased (60Co, 137Cs), or ceased (152, 154Eu) over the period of this study. Integrated samples of BS whose total thickness reached 20 cm were collected in the Yenisei River in September-October 2014 and 2018–2023 downstream of a controlled radioactive effluent site. A sequential extraction technique (modified Tessier method) was applied to study speciation of radionuclides in BS. Six fractions of radionuclides were extracted from sediment samples: exchangeable, associated with carbonates, associated with oxides and hydroxides of Fe, Mn, associated with organic matter, associated with amorphous silicates, and associated with residual solids. Concentrations of γ-emitting radionuclides, plutonium, minerals, and organic matter were determined in bulk samples of BS and their fractions. The largest percentages of 137Cs (83 ± 9
