Исследование позволяет свидетельствовать о том, что в основном во всех регионах ЦФО происходило увеличение валового производства зерна, картофеля и овощей. Данные положительные сдвиги за 2010-2024 годы обусловлены ростом посевной площади культур и значительным ростом их урожайности. Положительная динамика должна быть продолжена в последующие годы, в том числе за счет средств государственной поддержки отрасли, с целью обеспечения устойчивого роста производства сельскохозяйственной продукции. The study suggests that basically in all regions of the Central Federal District there was an increase in gross production of grain, potatoes and vegetables. These positive developments in 2010-2024 are due to an increase in the acreage of crops and a significant increase in their yields. The positive dynamics should be continued in the following years, including through state support for the industry, in order to ensure sustainable growth in agricultural production.
Adaptation stress in first-year university students is a significant medical and social concern, as its chronic course may contribute to psychosomatic disorders, reduced academic performance, and diminished quality of life. Physical activity is widely recognized as an accessible and effective strategy for preventing stress-related maladjustment. However, comparative studies examining the effects of different exercise modalities on stress levels during regular academic physical education classes remain scarce. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of coordination-precision versus general developmental exercise programs in reducing stress among first-year female students during their adaptation to university studies. Materials and methods. A total of 74 female students participated in the study, which was conducted at Kostroma State Agricultural Academy in 2024–2025. First-year students were allocated into two experimental groups: Group 1 (coordination-precision, n=26) – basketball shooting, tennis ball drills, darts, and badminton; Group 2 (general developmental, n=24) – running, jumping, and flexibility exercises. The control group (n=24) comprised second-year students who were no longer experiencing adaptation-related stress. All interventions were conducted twice weekly for 90 minutes over 2.5 months. Stress levels were assessed using the Shcherbatykh Stress Assessment Questionnaire before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons and paired Student's t-test for within-group changes. Results. Baseline stress levels in both experimental groups were significantly higher than in the control group (20.46±3.94 and 19.77±4.09 vs. 9.15±2.00 points; p<0.05). After 10 weeks, a significant reduction was observed: by 36% in Group 1 (to 13.12±1.83 points) and by 21% in Group 2 (to 15.69±2.16 points). However, post-intervention values remained above the control level in both groups (p<0.05). Notably, the coordination-precision program yielded a significantly greater effect (p<0.05), with more pronounced reductions in emotional (–38%; p<0.05) and physiological (–54%; p<0.05) stress symptoms. Conclusion. The coordination-precision intervention demonstrated superior beneficial effects compared to the general developmental program, particularly in alleviating emotional and physiological stress symptoms. These findings may inform the design of physical education curricula to better support students' adaptation to university life.
One of the most common problems of declining labor productivity is health problems, which is why health capital research is increasingly in demand. However, the abstract nature of the concept of health capital and the lack of a single generally accepted methodology for evaluating indicators pose a scientific research problem. The subject of the study is the impact of public health on the development of economic processes in the country. The basis for the development of the concept of health capital was the consideration of health as an asset that allows a person to use his human capital for as long as possible. This formulation of the issue required consideration of health—saving behavior as the main endogenous factor of people’s inequality in health, which is the focus of attention of several scientific disciplines, the key among which are medicine, economics and sociology. The problem of the lack of a generally accepted methodology for creating a single indicator that can approximate the theoretical concept of «health capital» in empirical research has determined the purpose of this material. In this article, the author’s methodology for creating indicators of health capital is proposed. Based on the fact that social determinants of health belong to broad categories of causes, factors and resources that have a direct and indirect impact on health, such indicators as: general well-being (self-awareness of health); the presence of chronic diseases were selected.; investing in health capital. In our study of health capital, we use quantitative indicators that reflect how effectively a person’s health allows them to engage in work. Certain actions can both improve and worsen your health. In other words, when measuring health capital, we not only measure health itself directly, but also take into account how comfortable a person is to live and work with such a level of health and what contribution he makes to its strengthening.
Рассмотрены литературные данные о полиморфизмах, локализованных в генах гормона роста и миостатина. Полиморфизм AluI гена гормона роста (GH) оказывает существенное влияние на рост органов и тканей, в том числе скелетной мускулатуры, формируя признаки как мясной, так и молочной продуктивности. В большинстве популяций крупного рогатого скота (голштинская, чёрно-пёстрая, костромская, холмогорская и другие породы) преобладает аллель L (0,624…1,000), ассоциированный, согласно данным большинства исследований, с повышенной скоростью роста живой массы и удоем у коров. В то же время ряд авторов указывает на широкое распространение гетерозиготных генотипов, а в ряде случаев – и гомозигот с генотипом VV. Литературные данные свидетельствуют также о существенном влиянии полиморфизма F94L гена миостатина на параметры мясной продуктивности крупного рогатого скота, в том числе на количество мышечных волокон и содержание жира в мясе, толщину подкожного жира и интенсивность роста живой массы. Исследователи также сообщают о влиянии полиморфизма MSTNF94L на эффективность потребления кормов и интенсивность дыхательных процессов у ремонтных тёлок молочных пород, а также на показатели их последующей молочной продуктивности. При этом в большинстве протестированных пород (голштинская, абердин-ангусская, симментальская, бельгийская голубая и герефордская) превалировал «дикий» аллельный вариант C (0,920…1,000), ассоциированный с большей живой массой, удоем, выходом молочного жира и белка у коров. Literature data on polymorphisms localized in growth hormone and myostatin genes were considered. The AluI polymorphism of the growth hormone (GH) gene has a significant effect on the growth of organs and tissues, including skeletal muscles, forming signs of both meat and dairy productivity. In most cattle populations (Holstein, Black-and-White, Kostroma, Kholmogory and other breeds), the L allele (0.624...1.000) is prevalent, associated, according to most studies, with an increased growth rate of live weight and milk yield in cows. At the same time, a number of authors point the widespread occurrence of heterozygous genotypes, and in some cases, homozygotes with the VV genotype. Literature data also indicate a significant effect of F94L myostatin gene polymorphism on the parameters of meat productivity in cattle, including the amount of muscle fibers and fat content in meat, subcutaneous fat thickness and intensity of live weight growth. Researchers also report on the effect of MSTN F94L polymorphism on the efficiency of feed consumption and the intensity of respiratory processes in replacement heifers of dairy breeds, as well as on the indicators of their subsequent dairy productivity. At the same time, in most of the tested breeds (Holstein, Aberdeen Angus, Simmental, Belgian blue and Hereford), the "wild" allelic variant C (0.920...1.000) prevailed, associated with a greater live weight, milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein in cows.
Berlin Operation was the last crushing blow to German fascism during the Soviet participation in World War II. Representatives from all regions of the USSR contributed to it, including thousands of residents of Kostroma Region. The extensive material collected reveals the feats of Kostroma residents, who were Heroes of the Soviet Union and commanders of individual military units. The ordinary heroes of the Battle of Berlin also left their memoirs. However, there is no comprehensive analysis or evaluation of Kostroma residents’ contributions in the historiography. In the article, the authors showed for the first time how the natives of the Kostroma Region showed their worth in Berlin Operation, who fought in all military units, in the ranks from soldier to marshal. The exploits at all stages of the operation are reflected: Küstrin direction, forced crossing of the Oder River, the Battle of Seelow Heights and urban warfare in Berlin. The names of Kostroma residents who signed the Reichstag are presented. The operation showed the courage, steadfastness and heroism of the fighters, their desire, despite their injuries, to remain in battle. The authors concluded that Kostroma residents of all branches of the armed forces performed admirably in Berlin Offensive, for which they were decorated with orders and medals, some became Heroes of the Soviet Union.
