This study examined how religious and secular social entrepreneurs' (SEs) social and perceived role identities shape their prosocial motivations and resource mobilization strategies. The findings revealed that religious SEs were motivated by strong in-group commitment, viewing their role as a sacred calling and seeing God as an active, transcendent stakeholder. They employed a communal-personal others orientation, characterized by a community-driven logic. Conversely, secular SEs were motivated by universal social justice values and a self-chosen calling. They employed a communal-impersonal others orientation, with a strong emphasis on mission-driven logic. These findings clarify theoretical links between SE identities, prosocial motivations, and behaviors.
Urbanization is accelerating rapidly, particularly across Asia and Africa. Since 2000, sustainable urbanization (SU) has been central to global policy agendas, including the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda. This study employs bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine 1913 Scopus-indexed articles (2000–2024), addressing three research questions: (1) What scholarship trends have emerged in sustainable urbanization and urban informality (SU-UI) research over the last 25 years? (2) Are manifestations of urban informality (UI) in the Global South (GS) primarily associated with limitations in formal planning frameworks or governance deficiencies, and what are the possible ways forward? (3) In the global agenda on sustainability, which primarily aims to address urbanization challenges, how much progress have cities around the world made towards SU? China, the United States, and the United Kingdom are the most productive contributors to SU-UI scholarship, while research on UI from India and on SU from China carries considerable global influence. Formal planning frameworks in many developing countries exhibit limited alignment with local urban dynamics, generating sociospatial challenges, while governance arrangements in the GS require reform to better reflect global sustainability objectives. Cities in the Global North (GN) demonstrate comparatively greater progress towards SU, offering context-dependent lessons for the GS. Future research directions include the investigation of southern-inclined planning and governance approaches, spatial analyses of SU-UI using geographic information systems methodologies, and how emerging post-2030 global development frameworks may reshape research priorities and policy directions in SU-UI.
This study investigates global ionospheric variability using Global Total Electron Content (GTEC), defined as the spatial average of daily averaged Global Ionospheric Maps derived from the International GNSS Service. The analysis spans from 2010 to 2024, covering Solar Cycle 24 and the rising phase of Solar Cycle 25, and incorporates geomagnetic indices (Dst and Kp). Spectral, statistical, and wavelet-based techniques are applied to characterize long-term periodicities, storm-time perturbations, and phase relationships between ionospheric and geomagnetic parameters. Spectral analysis reveals persistent periodicities near 27 days, corresponding to the synodic solar rotation period, together with pronounced semiannual and annual modulations associated with seasonal solar-magnetospheric coupling. Time-resolved analysis shows that the quasi-27-day signal drifts slightly around the nominal solar rotation period depending on solar cycle phase but exhibits only weak correlation with geomagnetic storm occurrence. Three geomagnetic storms (25-27 October 2011; 25-30 May 2017; and 10-11 May 2024) are examined to investigate magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling under different solar conditions. Wavelet coherence analysis indicates that Dst generally leads GTEC variability, whereas Kp and GTEC exhibit partial in-phase coherence during storm main phases. Mean phase angles derived for these events confirm consistent magnetosphere-to-ionosphere causal ordering. During the 10-11 May 2024 superstorm, GTEC increased to about 8.2 TECU before undergoing rapid depletion despite continued geomagnetic disturbance. This transition is attributed to enhanced Joule heating and a reduced thermospheric O/ ratio. Overall, the results show that global TEC variability reflects both recurrent solar periodicities and transient storm-time processes.
Although alexithymia has been widely studied in clinical contexts, its relevance to motivational dynamics such as passion has yet to be fully understood. Building on the Dualistic Model of Passion that distinguishes between harmonious and obsessive passion, the present studies examined how alexithymia, attachment orientations, and mindfulness are associated with different forms of passion. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted on a total of 648 participants. Study 1 (N = 375 adults) tested whether alexithymia would mediate the associations between attachment anxiety/avoidance and passion orientations. Study 2 (N = 263 undergraduates) examined whether mindfulness would mediate the association between alexithymia and passion. Validated self-report scales were used, and mediation analyses were conducted. In Study 1, alexithymia mediated the associations between both attachment anxiety and avoidance and obsessive passion, and between avoidant attachment and harmonious passion. In Study 2, mindfulness mediated the association between alexithymia and obsessive passion, but not harmonious passion. Taken together, the findings from these two separate studies provide complementary evidence for distinct but theoretically related pathways linking attachment, alexithymia, mindfulness, and passion. The results highlight the importance of considering alexithymia as an explanatory variable linking attachment-related vulnerabilities to motivational orientations. They also provide indications that mindfulness may be associated with maladaptive forms of passion. Alexithymia may play a key role in the associations between attachment orientations and obsessive passion, with mindfulness potentially mediating these links. These findings provide insights into the emotional dynamics associated with passion.
Identifying causality in subjective well-being (SWB) is challenging, as it involves both factors that influence SWB and outcomes that it generates. While previous studies explored beliefs about SWB’s causes and the effects of SWB beliefs on behavior and actual SWB, little is known about perceptions of reverse causality—how SWB itself is viewed as a cause — and how beliefs about SWB causality relate to actual outcomes. Understanding these mechanisms could advance research on SWB causality and highlight the potential of beliefs to motivate action and predict SWB. This study investigated perceptions of well-being causality (WB causality) in 13 domains (e.g., financial resources, health) and their role in guiding behavior and predicting SWB. We examined whether the perception that a domain influences WB is associated with greater effort, which in turn predicts higher SWB, and if WB is perceived primarily as a cause or an effect. An online sample of 771 U.S. adults completed measures of bidirectional WB causality perceptions, domain-specific effort, and SWB. Findings revealed that perceptions were associated with SWB through effort, highlighting their possible role in predicting behavior and overall SWB. Believing that life domains influence WB was associated with greater effort, which was linked to better actual SWB. Perceptions of WB as a cause rather than an effect varied across domains. These results underscore the significance of how SWB is perceived and the implications for societies and organizations, which could leverage perceptions to promote desired behaviors and enhance SWB. Thus, this study contributes to the growing literature on beliefs about SWB and causal dynamics.
