Bandung Islamic University

Zircon derived from tin mining by-products in Bangka-Belitung represents a potential secondary resource for ceramic applications; however, its utilization is limited by low ZrO2content and elevated impurity levels. This study evaluates an integrated beneficiation-alkali roasting-acid leaching approach to upgrade zircon quality and assess its suitability as a ceramic opacifier. High-tension separation (HTS) effectively enriched zircon into a mineralogically concentrated product; however, XRF analysis revealed that chemically significant Fe-, Ti-, and Si-bearing impurities remained, indicating that physical beneficiation alone was insufficient to satisfy ceramic-grade specifications. SEM-EDS observations revealed progressive transformation from impurity-associated zircon grains to cleaner, zirconia-rich particles after treatment. The results demonstrate that upgrading behavior is controlled not only by process conditions but also by inherited microstructural features and mineral associations. Although the final product reached 65.70 wt% ZrO2, approaching the composition reported for ceramic opacifier materials, laser diffraction analysis showed a D50 of 6.96 mu m, while a measured whiteness index of 63.26% indicated only moderate optical quality owing to residual chromophoric impurities. This study provides a mineralogy-informed processing framework for upgrading zircon from complex tin-derived systems and supports its potential as a locally sourced ceramic raw material.

This study aims to compare the regulatory frameworks governing fintech innovation, blockchain and digital assets, and investor data protection in the capital markets of Indonesia and Malaysia. It employs normative legal research using statute, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The analysis is based on primary legal materials, including legislation, regulatory guidelines, supervisory instruments, and official policy documents, as well as secondary legal materials, including academic literature and policy reports. The collected materials are examined through descriptive and comparative legal analysis. The findings demonstrate that Indonesia and Malaysia pursue broadly similar regulatory objectives through licensing, governance requirements, supervisory mechanisms, risk management, and investor protection. However, the two jurisdictions differ significantly in their institutional architecture. Indonesia adopts an integrated financial-sector regulatory approach under the Financial Services Authority, whereas Malaysia applies a more specialised capital-market supervisory model through the Securities Commission Malaysia. These institutional differences influence regulatory coherence, supervisory coordination, legal certainty, and regulators' capacity to address technology-specific risks. The findings imply that Indonesia should strengthen inter-institutional coordination and technology-specific supervisory standards, while both jurisdictions should ensure that innovation policies remain closely connected with cybersecurity, operational resilience, and investor protection. The originality of this study lies in integrating fintech regulation, digital asset governance, and investor data protection within a single comparative legal framework focused on regulatory coherence and institutional design.

Background The formation of the New Autonomous Region Candidate of South Tasikmalaya Regency has designated Karangnunggal District as a potential location for the regency capital. As the center of government and local activities, Karangnunggal faces significant challenges related to hydrometeorological disaster risks, such as flooding and landslides. This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity and capacity of residential land to ensure sustainable and safe regional development from disaster risks. Methods The research method used is a combination of quantitative and descriptive approaches with spatial analysis techniques assisted by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The evaluation process involves overlaying and scoring nine Land Capacity Unit parameters that refer to Permen PU No. 20/PRT/M/2007. Results The analysis shows that Karangnunggal Subdistrict is dominated by Moderately High Land Capacity (54%) and High Land Capacity (24%). Physically, this area has abundant water availability (85%) and an excellent natural drainage system (61% in the high category). However, there are limitations in terms of land capacity for waste, with 84% of the area having low to insufficient capacity, thus requiring an integrated waste management system. Land carrying capacity analysis identified a potential area of 11,902.50 Ha (79%), with Sarimukti and Karangnunggal Villages as the most prospective areas. Conclusions Karangnunggal Subdistrict has excellent land readiness as a candidate capital city with a projected settlement carrying capacity that will remain in surplus until 2045. Regional development guidelines are set through a land cover ratio of 10% to 50% and a maximum building height of 4 floors to maintain ecological balance and mitigate future disaster risks.

The Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) program plays an important role in the internationalization of higher education in Indonesia, including Islamic universities. However, research on its support for international students’ academic adaptation remains limited. This study aims to investigate the role of BIPA in the internationalization of Islamic universities, focusing on international student admission practices and academic adaptation through a literature review approach. Data were collected from national and international journal articles, academic books, and relevant policy documents related to BIPA, higher education internationalization, and international students’ academic adjustment. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns, research trends, and gaps. The findings reveal three dominant research patterns: studies on BIPA management, curriculum development, and the integration of Islamic values and the cultural adaptation of international students. Nevertheless, the role of BIPA in developing students’ academic language readiness remains underexplored. This study argues for repositioning BIPA as an academic acculturation program that not only facilitates social and cultural adjustment but also strengthens academic language competence, thereby supporting the academic success of international students in Islamic higher education institutions.

Cancer combination therapy is widely used to address tumor heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and dose-limiting toxicities associated with conventional monotherapy. However, the clinical benefits of free-drug combinations are often compromised by mismatched pharmacokinetics, inconsistent intratumoral drug ratios, and poor solubility or stability of individual agents. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), composed of a solid-liquid lipid matrix, have emerged as a biocompatible nanoplatform capable of overcoming these limitations through high drug-loading capacity, improved colloidal stability, and tunable release behavior. This review aims to summarize the role of NLCs as co-delivery systems for cancer therapy. A literature search was conducted across databases to identify studies reporting NLC-based co-delivery strategies for anticancer applications. By enabling the co-encapsulation of multiple cargos inside a single carrier, NLCs facilitate synergistic interactions, maintain synchronized biodistribution, and enhance intracellular accumulation at tumor sites. These attributes support the co-delivery of diverse therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapeutics, genetic materials, and stimuli-responsive particles such as photodynamic, photothermal, and magnetic hyperthermia agents. The review briefly examines the structural features, formulation considerations, and preparation techniques of NLCs, followed by discussions of the rationales for co-loading strategy and representative applications across various cancer types. Challenges related to formulation complexity, manufacturing scalability, safety, and regulatory translation remain important considerations, whereas advances in rational formulation design and data-driven development strategies may accelerate the clinical translation of NLC-based co-delivery systems and expand their potential in cancer therapy.