Bandung Islamic University

Cancer combination therapy is widely used to address tumor heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and dose-limiting toxicities associated with conventional monotherapy. However, the clinical benefits of free-drug combinations are often compromised by mismatched pharmacokinetics, inconsistent intratumoral drug ratios, and poor solubility or stability of individual agents. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), composed of a solid-liquid lipid matrix, have emerged as a biocompatible nanoplatform capable of overcoming these limitations through high drug-loading capacity, improved colloidal stability, and tunable release behavior. This review aims to summarize the role of NLCs as co-delivery systems for cancer therapy. A literature search was conducted across databases to identify studies reporting NLC-based co-delivery strategies for anticancer applications. By enabling the co-encapsulation of multiple cargos inside a single carrier, NLCs facilitate synergistic interactions, maintain synchronized biodistribution, and enhance intracellular accumulation at tumor sites. These attributes support the co-delivery of diverse therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapeutics, genetic materials, and stimuli-responsive particles such as photodynamic, photothermal, and magnetic hyperthermia agents. The review briefly examines the structural features, formulation considerations, and preparation techniques of NLCs, followed by discussions of the rationales for co-loading strategy and representative applications across various cancer types. Challenges related to formulation complexity, manufacturing scalability, safety, and regulatory translation remain important considerations, whereas advances in rational formulation design and data-driven development strategies may accelerate the clinical translation of NLC-based co-delivery systems and expand their potential in cancer therapy.

Introduction: Legal protection for healthcare professionals is a critical issue, particularly concerning pregnancy termination procedures involving medical emergencies. This study focuses on how Indonesian law regulates pregnancy termination in cases involving anencephalic fetuses, especially when the gestational age exceeds 14 weeks, and examines the protection afforded to doctors and the practical challenges they face. The research aims to analyze the legal framework provided under Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health and assess its implementation in the field. Method: Using a juridical-normative and empirical-juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical method, this study utilizes primary data from interviews with doctors, legal scholars, and religious figures, and secondary data from relevant laws and academic literature. Result: The findings reveal that while the law allows pregnancy termination under 14 weeks for medical emergencies or pregnancies from sexual violence, it lacks clear provisions for cases exceeding 14 weeks, such as anencephaly. Although anencephaly poses a serious medical risk, legal uncertainty persists for healthcare workers who perform terminations after this threshold. Conclussion: Terminations conducted following medical standards and with consent should not be criminalized. Therefore, legal reforms and clearer regulatory guidelines are essential to ensure adequate protection for medical personnel handling such exceptional cases.

Syzygium malaccense has been traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, yet the specific bioactive compounds responsible for these effects remain insufficiently explored. In this study, HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to systematically identify the metabolites in Syzygium malaccense extracts, leading to the detection of 18 major bioactive compounds, including 9 alkaloids, 5 flavonoids, 2 terpenoids, and 2 phenolic acids. Among them, two compounds were reported for the first time from this plant. The potential anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated through molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) binding free energy calculations, targeting 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The results revealed that compounds 10 and 16 exhibited the highest binding affinities, with binding energy values of-122.233 kJ/mol and-137.055 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating strong inhibitory potential. MD simulations over 200 ns demonstrated that ligand binding reduced root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) fluctuations, suggesting enhanced protein stability upon ligand interaction. Additionally, solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and radius of gyration (Rg) analyses confirmed that ligandbound complexes adopted a more compact and less solvent-exposed conformation, reinforcing their structural rigidity and inhibitory effect. The pharmacokinetic evaluation indicated that most identified compounds complied with Lipinski's rule of five, suggesting favorable bioavailability, although Compounds 10 and 16 exhibited high lipophilicity (Log P > 5), which may require structural modifications to improve absorption properties. This study marks the first comprehensive analysis of Syzygium malaccense metabolites and their inhibitory effects on key inflammatory enzymes, providing a molecular basis for their therapeutic potential.

Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) play a crucial role in Indonesia’s Islamic microfinance sector, specifically in serving underbanked communities in rural areas. Therefore, understanding their efficiency dynamics is essential for ensuring long-term sustainability and assisting evidence-based policy formulation, particularly in the post-pandemic context where operational challenges intensify. This study investigates the efficiency dynamics of BPRS in West Java over the 2020–2023 period, decomposing efficiency into production and revenue components to identify specific sources of inefficiency. Using panel Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) with 108 bank-year observations from 27 BPRS institutions, this study estimates both cost and profit efficiencies while controlling for environmental factors. The time-varying inefficiency model enables systematic assessments of temporal efficiency trends. The results reveal exceptionally high production efficiency (mean = 99.99%), indicating optimal input use. However, revenue efficiency shows substantial variation (mean = 72%) and a slight decline from 72.77% in 2020 to 71.6% in 2023. Contrary to the organisational learning theory, overall technical efficiency does not improve over time; instead, it decreases from 86.38% to 85.79%. This study provides the first evidence on BPRS temporal efficiency dynamics in the post-pandemic period and demonstrates that efficiency challenges stem primarily from revenue generation rather than operational weaknesses.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih ditemukannya peralihan hak atas tanah yang berstatus sita jaminan sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum terhadap keabsahan Akta Jual Beli (AJB) dan perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli beritikad baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan AJB atas tanah hak milik yang berstatus sita jaminan serta kepastian hukum terhadap peralihan hak tersebut berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 40/Pdt.Bth/2022/PN.Bdg. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Penelitian tidak menggunakan populasi dan sampel karena berfokus pada bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Instrumen penelitian berupa studi dokumen melalui studi kepustakaan dan analisis putusan pengadilan, sedangkan data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif melalui penafsiran terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dan putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AJB tetap dibuat dan peralihan hak tetap didaftarkan meskipun objek tanah telah berstatus sita jaminan karena status sita tidak tercatat dalam administrasi pertanahan akibat tidak adanya pelaporan dari pengadilan kepada Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa kondisi tersebut menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan menunjukkan perlunya penguatan sinkronisasi data serta koordinasi antarlembaga agar status sita jaminan segera tercatat dalam administrasi pertanahan sehingga memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi seluruh pihak.