British University in Egypt

The advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has revolutionized diabetes management by enabling real-time glucose monitoring and significantly enhancing patient outcomes. This comprehensive review examines the current landscape of CGM, detailing its technological evolution, diverse applications, and future perspectives. The review discusses various technological modalities, including electrochemical CGM sensors, which utilize glucose oxidase as a receptor, as well as innovative optical, magnetic, piezoelectric, and thermo-responsive CGM sensors, with an emphasis on innovations to enhance CGM sensor sensitivity. It highlights key advancements, such as sensor miniaturization, biocompatibility enhancements, and improved wireless connectivity, which are crucial for integrating CGM sensors into wearable devices. While these technologies show great promise, significant challenges such as biocompatibility, sensor stability, and calibration accuracy remain. This review concludes that the future of CGM lies in the integration of artificial intelligence for personalized diabetes and the continued development of novel biocompatible materials and advanced sensing modalities, all of which are essential for the ongoing optimization of diabetes care.

Mo-doped ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized by using auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction patterns of prepared nanocomposite indicated effective construction of crystalline Mo/ZnO NCs with co-existence of MoO2 and ZnO in required weight ratio. XRD results revealed also that ZnO crystallite size decreased as Mo-doping concentration increased. The direct band gap reduced from 3.309 eV of (MZ-0) to 3.258 eV of (MZ-5), demonstrating a negative correlation with Mo-doping levels. The electrocatalytic activity of Mo/ZnO NCs was assessed by their capability to degrade Indigo Carmine (IC) and Murexide (ME) dyes, and their antibacterial properties were also evaluated. The electrocatalytic (EC) degradation efficiencies for IC and ME dyes with NC coded MZ-5 were 96.8 OH^· radicals as dominant reactive oxygen species in photo electrocatalysis (PEC) degradation for IC dye. The antimicrobial activity of different Mo/ZnO NCs doses against Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and pathogenic fungi was investigated. Thus, this nanocomposite structure demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity and is recognized as a promising solution for dye degradation. Schematic diagram showing preparation route of Mo-doped ZnO nanocomposite.

Given the psychological toll of forced displacement, understanding coping behavior is crucial for informing culturally sensitive interventions that foster resilience and mental well-being. This study examined resilience and coping behavior among war refugees from four ethnic groups: Ukrainians (N = 117), Palestinians (N = 19), Yemenis (N = 38), and Sudanese (N = 33) aged 18–45 y.o. Participants completed the COPE and CD-RISC-10 scales via online surveys. Data analysis followed a multi-step approach: Differential Item Functioning (DIF) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) modeling were used to establish partial scalar measurement invariance, ensuring valid cross-group comparison of latent means. Multigroup Bayesian Network Analysis (MBNA) was then employed to map the structural organization of coping strategies. Partial invariance was confirmed for both scales, validating cross‑group comparisons. Active coping, instrumental social support, planning, and positive interpretation and growth emerged as universal hubs. Group differences were consistent: Arabic‑speaking refugees reported greater reliance on religious coping, positive interpretation, social support, and planning. Structurally, acceptance was central for Ukrainians, while religious coping integrated with planning among Arabic‑speakers. Least used strategies across groups were substance use, disengagement, denial, and humor. Latent mean resilience scores were not culture-contingent. The findings highlight both shared and distinct coping patterns among war refugees of the four ethnic groups. This emphasizes the importance of culturally sensitive and strengths-based interventions that promote adaptive coping strategies and psychological well-being. In particular, the findings suggest acceptance‑focused approaches for Ukrainians and integrated religious coping with planning for Arabic‑speakers. This study fills a research gap by examining coping strategies in under-represented ethnic groups of war refugees through a cross-cultural lens. It contributes to a broader understanding of cross-cultural resilience and coping behavior in war-displaced populations.

Valnemulin hydrochloride (VML), a critical antibiotic used in swine medicine, poses significant toxicity risks-including hepatotoxicity and microbial resistance-when misdosed in livestock. To address this, a green, disposable polyaniline-based solid-contact ion-selective electrode (SC-ISE) was developed for rapid VML quantification in veterinary pharmaceuticals and farm samples. The sensor integrates calix[8]arene as a high-affinity ionophore, enabling detection at therapeutically relevant levels (1.0 & times; 10-6 to 1.0 & times; 10-2 mol l-1) with a Nernstian slope (57.27 +/- 0.4 mV decade-1) and ultra-low detection limit (3.31 & times; 10-7 mol l-1). The proposed sensor demonstrated a rapid response time of 20 +/- 3 s and a long operational lifetime of up to one month. Crucially, the electrode selectively distinguishes VML from its degradation products and common interferents (e.g., feed additives, ions). Validation in swine serum and feed samples confirmed accuracy (98%-102% recovery), outperforming HPLC. Green metrics (Eco-Scale: 85, AGREE: 0.82) underscore its sustainability vs lab-based methods. By enabling on-farm toxicity prevention, this sensor offers a proactive solution to safeguard animal welfare and combat antibiotic resistance. Developing a green polyaniline-based solid-contact sensor for rapid Valnemulin Hydrochloride determination.Calix[8]arene ionophore empowered high selectivity toward Valnemulin Hydrochloride over other interferents.The proposed sensor proven fast response, and has low detection limit, and excellent stability.Successful veterinary formulation application performed with strong agreement to reference methods.

The enquiry inspects the movement of bioconvection through a nanoliquid near the stagnant flow subject to a stretchable surface. The effects of convective flow condition, radiative flow with rate of heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction are considered in energy and concentration equations. A well-known Buongiorno's nanofluid model is applied to examine the effects of Brownian movement and thermophoresis characteristics. Irreversible analysis of the proposed system is also carried out. The modeled formulations having partial differential equations (PDEs) are transmuted through suitable transformations. Further, the set of transmuted ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be employed by the analytical method recognized as the homotopic technique. The significance of numerous important variables in represented equations has been visually illustrated along with pertinent physical outcomes. The outcomes indicate that the rate of flow reduces due to the rising values of the Casson fluid variable (gamma) while the Bejan profile is increasing with a bigger estimation of (gamma). The augmentation in the thermal radiation (Rd) and Biot number (Bi) improved in the temperature field. However, a reduction in motile density due to the larger magnitude of the Bioconvection Lewis number (Lb). Comparison has been endeavored in the results of past publications.