Puccinia kuehnii, the causal agent of orange rust, is an obligate biotrophic fungus and an emerging phytosanitary threat to sugarcane production. Although widely distributed in Colombia, its current impact and future risk under climate change remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the present and potential future risk of orange rust in sugarcane systems dedicated to sugar and panela production in Colombia. A total of 252 disease occurrence records were collected from nine sugarcane-producing departments, and disease impact was assessed in commercial fields using a damage index across different sugarcane varieties. Spatial kernel analyses were used to characterize the distribution of disease damage, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare severity among varieties. In parallel, ecological niche modeling was used to estimate the current and future potential distribution of P. kuehnii under climate change scenarios. Orange rust was detected in all sampled regions, with reaction scores above 5 and severity values reaching 50%. The highest disease intensity was recorded in Santander and Caquetá, particularly in varieties RD 75-11 and CC 93-7510, while variety CC 01-1940 also showed marked severity in the Cauca River Valley. The ecological niche models identified areas of high current environmental suitability and projected an expansion of favorable conditions into additional sugarcane-producing regions under future climate scenarios. Our findings show that orange rust poses a substantial current and future risk to Colombian sugarcane systems and provide a multiscale spatial framework to support surveillance, varietal management, and evidence-based decision-making for the sugarcane sector.
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a major crop for sugar production, but its productivity is affected by stem borers (Diatraea spp.). These insects cause significant losses by damaging the stem and disrupting the transport of photosynthates and nutrients. Although biological control has been effective in Colombia, the identification of genetic resources for the resistance would provide complementary long-term crop protection. This study aimed to identify markers associated with the resistance to insects. For this purpose, a population of 348 genotypes was evaluated by infesting 30 stalks per genotype with four 9-day-old larvae. The proportion of bored internodes, insect survival, and the Damage Survival Index were recorded for each stem. Genotypic data was obtained using GBS, RADseq, and WGS. A total of six marker–model associations, which includes 4 unique markers, were significantly associated with DS Index, but only 2 were effectively validated. Candidate genes were searched within a 353.1 kb window surrounding the validated markers, revealing 48 genes involved in signaling pathways, receptor-mediated recognition, metabolic responses, direct defense mechanisms, and structural modifications. The DS Index variable integrates plant damage and insect performance, providing a robust metric to study resistance. These results provide a foundation for the identification of genetic resources for Diatraea spp., with key components including receptor-like kinases involved in herbivore recognition, calcium-dependent signaling cascades, and regulatory elements that finely balance immune activation through both positive and negative mechanisms. The validated SNPs, together with the functional annotation of nearby genes, represent an innovative approach to incorporate molecular tools into sugarcane breeding such as genomic selection, genome editing and/or genetic transformation.
Resumo O artigo analisa interações e conversas de dez famílias em visita à exposição “Ciencia del amor y del perdón”, do museu Maloka – em Bogotá, Colômbia –, que apresenta emoções sob perspectivas neurocientíficas e das ciências humanas e explora ferramentas da psicologia para o perdão, em um contexto de “pós-conflito”, após assinatura de acordo de paz entre o governo e o maior grupo guerrilheiro colombiano. Os dados, coletados em dezembro de 2022, por meio de gravações das visitas em câmera GoPro acoplada ao tórax de uma criança de cada grupo, foram analisados com uso do software Dedoose. Os resultados indicaram que a mediação dos adultos e a proposta expográfica possibilitaram interatividade física e mental.
El texto ofrece una visión general sobre la crisis contemporánea desde una perspectiva genealógica, histórica y filosófica. Explica cómo la Ilustración, las Revoluciones y el espíritu de la modernidad han dado lugar a debates sobre libertad, desigualdad y la naturaleza de los gobiernos. Presenta las principales corrientes políticas surgidas desde la Ilustración: liberalismo, conservadurismo y socialismo. Además, aborda los grandes acontecimientos del siglo XX y cómo el colapso del socialismo “real” permitió, aunque brevemente, la idea de una democracia liberal triunfante. Por último, destaca cuatro aspectos centrales en la constitución de la subjetividad. El neoliberalismo, el neoconservadurismo, la neoizquierda y el problema de la libertad como una posible salida frente a lo que vivimos en la actualidad.
