Dar Al Uloom University

Among the strategic goals of Saudi Vision 2030 is aligning architectural education with real urban environments and strengthening the link between academia and the real world. Thus, this paper evaluates the transformation of the ART470 – Landscape Architecture course into an experiential, placemaking-oriented learning model. The redesign shifted the course from a primarily theoretical framework to a field-driven experience rooted in community engagement. Through integration with the concurrent Design Studio, students investigated actual public spaces in Unaizah City and proposed innovative and sustainable landscape interventions.The outcomes revealed substantial improvements in students' analytical and design capabilities, spatial awareness, and civic responsibility. Beyond achieving the intended course learning outcomes (CLOs), the transformation generated meaningful social and environmental benefits through collaboration with Al-Qassim Municipality. The findings affirm that place-based learning and cross-course integration strengthen professional relevance, foster innovation, and cultivate a deeper connection between students and their communities—supporting national efforts to enhance the quality of life and promote sustainable development in Saudi Arabia.

This study examines the organisational and technological determinants influencing the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies specifically data-driven decision support systems (DSS) and smart learning platforms in Saudi Arabian higher education institutions. Guided by the integrated Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework and Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, the study employs a quantitative approach using a structured survey administered to 300 academic and administrative staff across multiple institutions. The survey captures key constructs, including social trends, organisational culture, sustainability practices, waste management, technology compatibility, relative advantage, complexity, social drivers, innovation attributes, intention to use data-driven DSS, and government regulatory support. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to test the hypothesised relationships and evaluate the interplay among organisational, technological, and environmental factors. The results reveal that internal organisational conditions, particularly organisational culture, sustainability policies, and waste-management practices-significantly strengthen internal social drivers that promote technological change. Technological characteristics, including Compatibility with existing systems and perceived relative advantage, strongly enhance the perceived innovation attributes of AI technologies. These innovation attributes, in turn, serve as a major catalyst for both the intention to use and actual adoption of AI-enabled systems. Adoption within the higher education context was associated with improvements in teaching practices, enhanced learner engagement, and curriculum innovation. Moreover, government regulations and policy incentives emerged as crucial external enablers that facilitate institutional readiness and adoption. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on AI integration in higher education by providing an empirically validated model that highlights the interaction between organisational drivers, innovation characteristics, and environmental enablers. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers, higher education leaders, and system designers seeking to accelerate responsible and effective AI adoption in academic environments.

This research aims to examine how legal systems and courts have approached the principle of functional equivalence between written documents and digital evidence, more than three decades after its initial codification in the UNCITRAL Model Law of 1996. The study focuses on the Saudi legal system as a case study, in light of the provisions introduced by the 2021 Law of Evidence.The study adopted a dual-method approach combining a theoretical analysis of the relevant legal provisions with a quantitative and qualitative examination of a sample of judicial decisions issued by Saudi commercial courts. The data was collected and classified based on predefined indicators aimed at capturing how the judiciary has interpreted and applied the statutory framework governing functional equivalence.The findings reveal that the Saudi legal framework has successfully integrated the principle of functional equivalence into the new Law of Evidence in a manner that aligns with traditional rules governing written evidence. Judicial analysis shows a positive response to this principle. However, the inconsistent classification of evidence and limited engagement with the statutory conditions suggest that many rulings relied more on judicial discretion than on a rigorous application of the law.

Objective:To analyze the most cited plastic surgery articles from Saudi Arabia, focusing on publication trends, leading contributors, collaboration patterns, and thematic areas. Methods:We conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science Core Collection (1990-2025). Keywords covering plastic surgery subfields were combined with geographic identifiers ("Saudi Arabia," "KSA," "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia") using Boolean operators. Only English-language original and review articles were included. Citation metrics, authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence were analyzed with VOSviewer and the bibliometrix R package. Results:We identified 1,013 Saudi-affiliated plastic surgery publications, receiving 7,929 citations. The top 100 most-cited articles averaged 39.3 citations (range: 19-283). King Saud University was the leading institution, contributing 59 articles. Dr. Mohammad M. Al-Qattan was the most prolific author, with first authorship on 52 publications. Hand surgery dominated the thematic spectrum (36%), followed by peripheral nerve (14%) and aesthetic surgery (12%). International collaboration occurred in 21 articles (22.8%), mainly with the United States and Canada. Nearly half of the studies (49%) were Level IV evidence. Conclusion:Saudi Arabia has achieved a notable presence in plastic surgery literature, especially in hand and peripheral nerve surgery. However, the concentration of authorship and reliance on lower-level evidence highlight the need for broader collaboration, prospective study designs, and greater methodological rigor to strengthen future contributions.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, intensified by the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacterial cell division protein FtsZ, a key GDPase required for cytokinesis, represents a promising target for novel anti-TB therapeutics. This study aimed to identify potential FtsZ inhibitors among marine fungal metabolites using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MM/GBSA analyses. Docking was performed with AutoDock Vina v1.2.0, followed by 200 ns MD simulations using Desmond to evaluate complex stability. Among 100 screened metabolites, Xanalteric acid II showed the strongest binding affinity (− 10.9 kcal/mol), interacting with Arg140 and Thr130 within the active site, outperforming the co-crystallized ligand (− 9.1 kcal/mol) and moxifloxacin (− 7.7 kcal/mol). The FtsZ–Xanalteric acid II complex exhibited stable RMSD and compact radius of gyration throughout the simulation. MM/GBSA analysis revealed a strong binding free energy (ΔG_bind = − 74.77 ± 4.95 kcal/mol), dominated by van der Waals and lipophilic interactions. PCA, FEL, and DCCM analyses confirmed the structural rigidity and energetic stability of the complex. These findings highlight Xanalteric acid II as a promising marine-derived inhibitor of FtsZ and support the potential of marine metabolites in developing next-generation anti-TB agents.