Gobardanga Hindu College

In this study, we extend the Beddington–DeAngelis predator–prey model to rigorously analyze interactions under three critical ecological factors: fear effects, dynamic prey refuges, and supplementary food for predators. Our model incorporates a functional response where refuge effectiveness is inversely related to predator density, providing a more realistic representation of prey behavior. We investigate the model’s fundamental properties, including population persistence, boundedness, and the local and global stability of its equilibrium points. Our analysis reveals a rich array of dynamical behaviors, including subcritical Hopf, transcritical, and saddle-node bifurcations, which delineate transitions in population stability. Crucially, the model sheds light on the paradox of enrichment, demonstrating how increased prey resources can lead to system instability, a phenomenon often observed in real ecosystems. Through extensive numerical simulations, we corroborate all theoretical results, underscoring the ecological relevance of considering fear, dynamic refuge, and supplementary food in understanding predator–prey dynamics and their implications for ecosystem management

This paper investigates the evolving landscape of feminist digital activism in India by analysing Instagram posts from three major Indian feminist pages: SheThePeople, ThatDesiFeminist, and Feminism in India. The study asks how digital feminist practices on Instagram construct, contest, and reframe dominant cultural discourses around gender, power, and identity. Employing a multimodal qualitative methodology, it integrates Cultural Discourse Studies (CDS), netnography, and close reading to examine 300 posts as discursive interventions against patriarchal norms relating to marriage, motherhood, public safety, body politics, and emotional labour. CDS offers a culturally grounded framework for reading Instagram posts as communicative acts embedded in broader power-laden discourse systems. Netnography and close reading uncover how visual storytelling, symbolic imagery, and user engagement are mobilised as tools of resistance and feminist meaning-making. The findings show that Indian digital feminist activism is not only reactive to patriarchal backlash but also proactively builds alternative feminist grammars rooted in local sociocultural realities. By foregrounding India as a culturally specific site of feminist meaning-making and extending CDS to multimodal social media discourse, the paper contributes to scholarship on digital feminism beyond the West.

Two distinct crystal structures of a newly synthesized 1-methyl-5-(p-nitro-phenylazo)-6-aminouracil (LH3) and the previously known 1,3-dimethyl-5-(p-nitro-phenylazo)-6-aminouracil (LH2) were investigated. While LH3 has tetragonal symmetry with space group I41/a, LH2 has monoclinic symmetry with space group P21/c. Interestingly, unlike LH3, the projection of the azo-function relative to the 6-amino group of uracil in LH2 is entirely reversed. Both are E-conformer and planar and the plane of angle between the phenyl and the uracil rings reveals that LH2 (5.78(5)degrees) is more planar than LH3 (= 17.93(5)degrees). They are supposed to be formed distorted tetrahedral Ag(I) nitrate complexes, [AgI(LH3)(NO3)(H2O)] (1) with LH3 and [AgI(LH2)(NO3)(H2O)].4H2O (2) with LH2; the exact masses are 476.27 and 563.38, respectively, obtained from an ESI-mass spectrometry study. The complexes exhibit a strong stretching frequency of nu(NO3) at 1384 cm-1. The DFT structural optimizations of all the compounds were studied using the B3LYP method in DMSO solvent. The theoretically extracted bond parameters of the ligands are found in good agreement with their crystal structure values; for instance, the RMSD values for the azo-bond lengths are 0.0004 for the LH3 and 0.003 for the LH2. According to the DFT analysis, the ligands are preferably coordinated to Ag(I) through azo-N and uracil-O. The other two coordinating ligands are a water molecule and a nitrate ion. The Ag(I)-O(nitrate) bond lengths of 2.38385 & Aring; for 1 and 2.56253 & Aring; for 2, are comparable to values found in the literature. The coordination sites are supported by the molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The NBO charges on the uracil-O and azo-N atoms increase from -0.574 and -0.199 to -0.653 and -0.256 in 1 and -0.593 and -0.144 to -0.636 and -0.202 in 2. In addition, due to the coordination environment the developed NBO charges on Ag-atom is 0.687 e for 1 and 0.737 e for 2.

This study examines the epistemic gap between institutional narratives of marital consent and women's lived experiences of sexual coercion within marriage in India and Bangladesh. Legal frameworks presume permanent, irrevocable consent through marriage. However, digital platforms reveal systematic patterns of coercion, retaliation and silencing that contradict this presumption. Drawing on a netnographic analysis of over 600 public posts, 1,200+ user comments and archived digital testimonies from 2023 to 2025 across Bengali and English platforms, the research is grounded in Feminist Standpoint Theory, Judith Butler's performativity and critical discourse studies. The findings reveal four interlinked discursive patterns: "silent sex" and "fatal resistance"; the patriarchal logic of contractual consent, digital vigilantism by men's rights groups, and a culture of minimisation. Further analysis shows that despite hostility, digital spaces allow survivors to reframe their experiences of rape and push back against institutional and cultural silencing.PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENTBy documenting the narrative gap between legal presumptions of consent and survivors' lived experiences of coercion, this research reveals critical policy blind spots - particularly around non-physical coercion, retaliatory violence following resistance ("fatal resistance"), and the normalisation of routine sexual coercion as marital duty. These findings expose how legal erasure of marital violence fundamentally contradicts women's documented experiences, highlighting the need for trauma-informed policy reforms that acknowledge these systematically silenced realities.

This study develops a theoretical framework for gneissic banding formation in metamorphic rocks via reaction-diffusion dynamics, rooted in geochemical self-organization concepts. We propose that band- ing can emerge autonomously, independent of deformation, challenging conventional shear-dependent models. A Schnakenberg reaction-diffusion system is analyzed and simulated numerically to explore pattern formation. Linear stability analysis reveals a Turing-type instability with an analytical critical wavelength of λ c = 14.63 cm and a numerical fastest-growing wavelength of λ max = 17.41 cm, well within the natural gneissic banding range. Numerical simulations on a 400 × 400 grid demonstrate spontaneous parallel banding from anisotropic initial conditions. The felsic component u ranges from 0.256 to 2.486 and the mafic component v from 0.439 to 1.170, yielding a normalized felsic con- trast of 2.225 and a felsic-to-mafic ratio of 5.66. The dominant wavelength is approximately 17 cm, within the natural gneiss range (1–20 cm). Geological scaling with experimental diffusion coeffcients gives a formation timescale of 9.5064×10 3 years, consistent with regional metamorphism. Our find- ings establish reaction-diffusion systems as viable mechanisms for fabric development in low-strain metamorphic settings, offering an alternative paradigm for mineral segregation in crystalline rocks. The model shares mechanistic similarities with Liesegang banding and orbicular granite formation, suggesting a unified mathematical framework for diverse geological pattern-formation phenomena.