Universitas Terbuka (UT, literally Open University) is Indonesia's state university and employs open and distance learning (ODL) system to widen access to higher education to all Indonesian citizens, including those who live in remote islands throughout the country as well as in various parts of the world. It has a total student body of 1,045,665 as of 2019/2020 according to Indonesia's Ministry of Education Higher Education database. According to a distance education institution in the UK, UT, including one from "The Top Ten Mega Universities" UT-3 ranks after similar universities in China and Turkey.
Language and social development of children plays an important role in influencing further development. The objectives of this research are to determine the effect of drawing based on story- telling toward language development and social development of children age 5–6 years. Single subject research with reversal design ABAB was used in this experimental research. Four kindergarten children identified having language and social problems became the subjects. The observation was used to col- lect data. In addition, the data were put into graphs to be analyzed by using visual inspection. The results showed that drawing activities based on story telling could improve the scores of language development for each subject; and also improves the pro-social attitude of each subject. And at the same time the aggressive attitude for each subject decreased. It concludes that drawing based on story telling improve language and social development of children aged 5–6 years effectively.
Balancing rapid technological innovation with accountable governance has become a major challenge in decentralized web ecosystems where Artificial Intelligence (AI) operates with increasing autonomy. The expansion of distributed platforms, blockchain based infrastructures, and autonomous digital services creates complex regulatory environments that traditional legal systems often struggle to address. This study employs qualitative normative analysis and comparative policy review to examine emerging regulatory models, ethical guidelines, and governance mechanisms for responsible AI deployment. The proposed governance framework can be implemented through smart contract auditing, blockchain-based verification systems, and decentralized monitoring protocols to support transparency, accountability, and regulatory compliance. Findings indicate that an integrated legal architecture based on transparency standards, accountability mechanisms, algorithmic auditability, and decentralized coordination can strengthen oversight of autonomous systems without restricting innovation. The framework also improves regulatory enforcement and cross jurisdictional governance coordination. These findings provide practical guidance for policymakers, regulatory institutions, and platform developers while emphasizing the importance of aligning legal frameworks with evolving technologies to protect digital rights, maintain public trust, and support sustainable and resilient decentralized digital ecosystems.
This study explores the role of Orange Servant Leadership (OSL) and Orange Technology in empowering entrepreneurship and enhancing key happiness dimensions Quality of Work Life (QWL), Happiness at Work (HW), and Work Satisfaction (WS). The aim is to examine how leadership, rooted in care and ethical values, contributes to entrepreneurial success by fostering Subjective Well-Being (SWB), Work Engagement (WE), and Job Performance (JP). By integrating entrepreneurial behaviors within the Orange Technology framework, this research demonstrates how OSL can drive innovation, engagement, and performance. Using SmartPLS-SEM analysis, the study reveals that OSL significantly impacts entrepreneurial growth through happiness-driven leadership. The findings suggest that OSL enhances work engagement, while QWL, HW, and WS improve SWB. Both SWB and WE mediate the relationship between OSL and job performance, confirming their role as key drivers of entrepreneurial success. This study contributes to the understanding of how entrepreneurship, supported by ethical leadership and technology, leads to higher organizational performance and employee satisfaction. It provides an evidence-based leadership model aligned with Orange Technology, which integrates innovation, care, and well-being as strategic pillars for fostering sustainable business growth and success.
This study explores how smart contract based data strategies can support startup growth in digital business systems characterized by competition, limited resources, and increasing demand for transparency. In the context of rapid digital transformation, startups require reliable data governance mechanisms to manage transactions, automate business processes, and strengthen stakeholder trust. The background of this research highlights that conventional data management often faces challenges related to data integrity, operational inefficiency, centralized control, and limited transparency, making smart contracts a strategic alternative for supporting secure and automated digital business operations. The objective of this study is to analyze how smart contract based data strategies contribute to startup growth by enhancing data transparency, workflow automation, trust formation, and operational scalability. Employing a qualitative conceptual approach, this study synthesizes academic literature, blockchain related studies, and documented insights on smart contract implementation in digital business environments. The analysis focuses on key dimensions, including decentralized data management, automated transaction execution, transparency mechanisms, security assurance, and workflow efficiency. The results indicate that smart contracts function not merely as blockchain tools but as strategic data mechanisms that enable startups to reduce operational risks, improve process reliability, and strengthen digital business credibility. The conclusion reveals that effective smart contract implementation can support sustainable startup growth by improving data accountability, enhancing stakeholder confidence, and enabling scalable digital operations. This study contributes to blockchain and digital business literature by positioning smart contracts as strategic data capabilities for startup development.
This work of literature critically reflects on what appeared to be rude yet tactical communication styles by Islamic preachers on online platforms. This article, on the one hand, employs an integrated theoretical approach that integrates the Quranic communication ethics with pragmatics, critical discourse analysis (CDA) and politeness theory to understand how deviant practices of the classical Islamic communication norms are pragmatically used to forge solidarity, emotional closeness and authenticity of da’wah within a modern digital setting. This article, after studying the speech of well-known digital preachers in detail, demonstrates that strategic impropriety is not merely an ethical offense but a rhetorical maneuver for renegotiating religious authority in the online community. Based on the concept of qaulan in the Quran, this research provides a normative Islamic approach to the development of da’wah communication styles and to the relationships among politeness, pragmatic effectiveness and social relevance in the development of authority and audience interest in the digital world.
