The increasing use of digital documents in export-import activities, especially in government agencies such as the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, has the potential to pose a threat of leaks if not supported by an adequate security system. The design of this security system aims to design and develop a web-based digital export-import document security system by implementing the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256-bit encryption algorithm. The system development was carried out using the Waterfall method by utilizing PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and MySQL database technology. This system implements encryption and decryption mechanisms on export-import documents in PDF and DOCX formats. Test results indicate that encrypted documents cannot be accessed without a valid decryption process, and data integrity is maintained referring to the AES-256 validation results. This system is able to increase the level of digital document security and minimize the risk of data leaks in a web-based system environment. This research requires the addition of a multi-layer authentication mechanism, the implementation of a more comprehensive encryption key management system, and the development of applications for mobile platforms. The rapid development of information technology has changed the way individuals, organizations, and government institutions manage and distribute information. One of the main impacts is the increasing use of digital import-export documents as the primary medium for storing and exchanging critical data. These documents generally contain sensitive information, requiring security mechanisms capable of ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity during storage and distribution.
Global energy consumption continues to increase due to population growth, urbanization, and rapid technological advancement, creating significant challenges for effective energy management. This study proposes an energy consumption classification model using Support Vector Machine (SVM) to identify consumption levels based on environmental, temporal, and operational features. Data preprocessing includes feature normalization using StandardScaler and class balancing with SMOTE to improve model stability. Experimental results show that the SVM with a linear kernel consistently achieves the best performance on the test data, outperforming more complex kernel configurations. The proposed model attains an average accuracy of 88.15%, precision of 91.08%, recall of 88.16%, and an F1-score of 87.54%. Feature analysis indicates that temperature and HVAC usage are the most influential factors in determining energy consumption levels. These findings demonstrate that selecting a kernel aligned with data characteristics is more critical than increasing model complexity. The proposed SVM-based approach has strong potential as a decision-support tool for building energy management, enabling better identification of consumption conditions and supporting energy efficiency strategies.
Astro Car Detailing is a vehicle maintenance service company that still manages inventory through ledgers and manual recording sheets. This condition poses risks of data loss, recording errors, discrepancies between physical stock and records, as well as delays in report preparation that can take up to three days. This research aims to design and build a web-based Inventory Management application to integrate inventory data management at Astro Car Detailing. The system development method uses the Rational Unified Process (RUP), which consists of the Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition phases. Data is obtained through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The system is built using PHP with the CodeIgniter framework, MySQL database, and Unified Modeling Language (UML) modeling. Functional testing is conducted using Black Box Testing on the login function, category management, items, suppliers, users, incoming goods transactions, outgoing goods transactions, stock reports, and logout. The results show that the application successfully integrates master data and inventory transactions and generates stock information based on data stored in the system. All documented main functional scenarios produce outputs that meet the expected results. The implementation of the system accelerates the report preparation process, which previously took up to three days, allowing it to be presented in real-time, while also facilitating data tracing and reducing reliance on manual recording. The application can be accessed via browsers on computers and mobile devices.
The financial performance of mining companies is influenced not only by economic conditions but also by how they manage and disclose environmental aspects of their operations. Given the sector’s significant environmental impacts, firms frequently allocate environmental expenditures and expand environmental disclosure as a form of accountability to stakeholders. This study examines the effects of environmental costs and environmental disclosure on the financial performance of mining companies in Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed using secondary data drawn from annual reports and sustainability reports of mining firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2022–2024 period. Data were analyzed using panel regression with a Random Effects model. The results indicate that environmental costs do not have a significant effect on financial performance, whereas environmental disclosure has a significant negative effect. These findings suggest that broader environmental disclosure increases short-term burdens on companies, which may reduce profitability. Nonetheless, environmental disclosure remains necessary to maintain corporate legitimacy and to enhance stakeholder trust. Therefore, this study underscores the importance of optimal environmental management so that sustainability objectives can be met without compromising financial performance. Keywords — Environmental Cost, Environmental Disclosure, Financial Performance, Mining.
Access to external financing remains one of the most critical challenges limiting the investment capacity of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), particularly those operating under Sharia principles. While prior studies have extensively examined the relationship between financial constraints and investment decisions in large firms, limited attention has been given to the internal financial mechanisms that enable Sharia-compliant MSMEs to cope with such constraints. This study addresses this gap by examining the role of cash holding as a mediating mechanism linking financial constraints and investment decisions among Sharia MSMEs in Indonesia. Data were collected through a structured survey of 200 MSME owners or managers and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), with mediation effects assessed through bootstrapping procedures. The results reveal that financial constraints exert a significant negative effect on investment decisions (β = −0.938, p < 0.01), while simultaneously increasing cash holding (β = 0.347, p < 0.01). Cash holding, in turn, positively influences investment decisions (β = 0.643, p < 0.01) and significantly mediates the relationship between financial constraints and investment behavior (β = 0.325, p < 0.01). The structural model demonstrates strong explanatory power, with R² values of 0.932 for cash holding and 0.828 for investment decisions. These findings suggest that cash holding functions as a financial buffering mechanism that partially mitigates the adverse impact of financing constraints on MSME investment activity. By integrating financial constraints, internal liquidity management, and investment behavior within a single analytical framework, this study extends entrepreneurial finance research into the domain of Islamic MSME finance and provides practical insights for policymakers and Islamic financial institutions seeking to improve access to Sharia-compliant financing and support sustainable MSME investment.
