Perbanas Institute

Indonesia’s expanding gig economy has reshaped the labor market, offering flexibility while deepening social protection disparities. This study examines the gap in social protection coverage between formal employees and gig workers—online and local—within Indonesia’s employment landscape. Using microdata from August 2018, 2021, and 2023 National Labor Force Surveys (Sakernas), the analysis focuses on the service sector, where gig work is concentrated. A binary logistic regression with marginal effects was used to estimate the probability of workers’ participation in Indonesia’s social security programs. Findings revealed persistent, significant disparities: Online gig workers were 33% less likely and local gig workers 23% less likely to be covered than formal employees. These inequalities widened during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in health and occupational accident insurance. Further analysis showed that disparities were more pronounced among male and urban workers. These results underscore structural vulnerabilities in Indonesia’s dual labor system and highlight the need for inclusive, adaptive social protection reforms. Recommendations include integrating gig workers into national social security schemes through shared contributions, strengthening digital and social protection literacy, and establishing a legal framework that recognizes platform-based employment as part of Indonesia’s labor market.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Operational Excellence and Customer Experience on Customer Loyalty with Satisfaction and Word of Mouth as mediating variables in House of Metamorfit members. This study is motivated by the increasing competition in the fitness services industry, so companies need to understand the factors that can build customer loyalty sustainably. Customer loyalty is not only influenced by the quality of operational services, but also by customer experience and positive communication between customers formed during the process of using the service. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to House of Metamorfit members who met the research criteria. The number of respondents analyzed in this study was 396 respondents with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) with the help of the SmartPLS application. The results of the study indicate that Operational Excellence and Customer Experience have a positive and significant effect on Satisfaction and Word of Mouth. However, Operational Excellence and Customer Experience do not have a significant direct effect on Customer Loyalty. Satisfaction and Word of Mouth are proven to have a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty. Furthermore, satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between Operational Excellence and Loyalty, as well as between Customer Experience and Loyalty. Word of Mouth also acts as a mediator in the relationship between Operational Excellence and Customer Experience on Loyalty. The findings of this study indicate that customer loyalty is formed primarily through customer satisfaction and word of mouth communication, which emerges from the customer's service experience. Therefore, companies need to strengthen the quality of the customer experience, maintain consistent operational quality, and encourage positive word of mouth to increase customer loyalty.

In the period of 2023-2024, MSMEs in Indonesia were recorded as contributing 61% of GDP (Rp. 9,580 trillion) and absorbing more than 123 million (97% of the workforce), while the number of culinary MSMEs in Bekasi Regency was 15,156, which absorbed 410,000 workers in 2023. MSMEs in the culinary sector are included in the types of micro, small, and medium enterprises as referred to in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2008. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method through data collection through interviews and observations. A search was conducted on related laws and regulations (statute approach) to find out the fact that Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning the development of MSMEs is an important thing that should be a guideline in terms of issuing various policies, handling, and coaching for MSMEs in the culinary sector in Bekasi Regency in order to encourage halal-certified culinary. The halal certification policy provides convenience for consumers and makes MSMEs resilient and independent as stipulated in Article 5 of Law Number 20 of 2008. The results of this study indicate that MSMEs in the culinary sector in Bekasi Regency continue to increase, but awareness or belief in the importance of halal certification is not as it should be, so the Regional Government together with BPJPH and MUI needs to continue to encourage MSME awareness of the importance of halal certification and provide convenience to MSMEs to obtain free halal certification.

This study aims to understand the influence of content marketing, affiliate marketing, and customer review on consumer purchasing decisions through social commerce platforms. These platforms include social media channels that function as e-commerce such as TikTok Shop, Instagram Shop, Facebook Marketplace, Line Shop, YouTube Shop, and WhatsApp, The research employs a quantitative methodology, interviewing 200 respondents across five major cities in Indonesia: Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, and Semarang. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, targeting respondents aged 17 to 50 who actively shop through social commerce platforms. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The findings indicate that the most frequently used social commerce platforms in Indonesia are TikTok Shop (57.5%), Instagram Shop (18.5%), WhatsApp (10.5%), Facebook Marketplace (9.5%), and Line Shop (4%). The results of hypothesis testing reveal that while content marketing has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on purchasing decisions through social commerce, affiliate marketing, and customer reviews positively and significantly influence consumer purchasing decisions. These findings provide valuable insights for businesses leveraging social commerce, emphasizing the need to optimize the role of affiliate marketing and customer reviews to enhance online sales.

Type of the article: Research Article AbstractThis study aims to analyze the influence of financial performance, consisting of solvency, profitability, and liquidity, on financial distress moderated by good corporate governance (institutional ownership). The study was conducted at Indonesian joint venture insurance companies. This study used a quantitative method. The population in the study is joint venture insurance companies in Indonesia registered with the Financial Services Authority. The sample in this study amounted to five (5) joint venture insurance companies selected using purposive sampling. The data used are secondary data from the company’s annual financial statements for the period 2019 to 2023. The data were processed using the EViews 13 application to illustrate the relationship between independent, dependent, and moderating variables. The results of the study show that solvency and profitability have a significant negative effect on the financial distress of joint venture insurance companies in Indonesia Liquidity does not affect the financial distress of joint venture insurance companies in Indonesia. Institutional ownership as a moderating variable can strengthen the influence of solvency on financial distress, but it weakens the influence of profitability and liquidity on financial distress. This study offers original value by examining the moderating role of institutional ownership as a proxy for good corporate governance in the relationship between financial performance and financial distress.