Invertis University is a NAAC Accredited private university located in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated on Bareilly-Lucknow NH-24, equidistant 250 km from the national capital Delhi and state capital Lucknow. The Chancellor of the university is Umesh Gautam and the Vice-Chancellor is Y. D. S. Arya.
Heavy metal contaminants are carcinogenic, poisonous, and persistent towards the environment and human life. In this view, for the eradication of harmful heavy metals from polluted water, there is a need to develop a novel and environmentally benign biosorbent with high efficiency and low cost compared to native biomaterial. In the present study, Tectona grandis (teak) leaves are utilized to synthesize an effective biosorbent (TGLB) and explored it for the adsorptive removal of cadmium (II) from wastewater. The structural and morphological characteristics of the biosorbent were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), point of zero charge (pHPZC), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) textural analysis. In the batch investigations, variables such as pH, time, dose of biosorbent, temperature, and concentration of metal ions were altered. 93.2
Background: Keeping in view the majority population under marginal and small category, dairy enterprise is considered as one of the major agri-allied sectors. It has capability to improve economics of rural households and hence hunger, poverty and sustainability. Using cutting-edge statistical techniques, this study assesses the productivity, resource allocation and economic efficiency of dairy farms in four significant bovine-rearing states in India. Methods: Four hundred farms (smallholder, family-operated and semi-commercial) in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Andhra Pradesh were selected using stratified simple random sampling. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) were used to analyze the data. Result: Findings indicate notable typological and geographical variations in profitability, input use and efficiency. Due to input misallocation and a lesser adoption of technology, smallholder farms fell behind semi-commercial farms in terms of technical and economic efficiency. Input access, customized extension services and best-practice scaling are highlighted in policy proposals. Additionally, the results provide solid benchmarks and practical advice for policy development and farm improvement.
Niosomes (NIOs), as non-ionic surfactant based vesicles, have emerged as versatile nanocarriers in the targeted delivery of drugs due to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, and ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Their utility has gained significant traction in addressing challenges associated with conventional therapies, for chronic and resistant diseases, Tuberculosis (TB), and cancer. This review critically evaluates the role of non-ionic surfactant in the formulation of NIOs, emphasizing their influence on clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and targeted drug delivery. It also explores the emerging patent landscape and translational potential of NIOs systems in TB and oncology. A comprehensive literature and patent database search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Elsevier, SpringerLink, and ClinicalTrials.gov, as well as Google Patents, USPTO, and WIPO, covering publications and patents from 2020-2025 onwards. The relevant studies, clinical trials, and granted patents involving NIOs formulations with non-ionic surfactant were systematically analyzed for their formulation design, therapeutic outcomes, and disease-specific applications. The study showed a notable rise in research and patents on NIOs drug delivery using non-ionic surfactant categories. In TB, these systems enhanced Bioavailability (BA), sustained drug release, and targeted macrophages. In cancer therapy, they enabled controlled release, minimized side effects, and improved tumor targeting. The recent patents highlight advances in combination therapies, responsive systems, and ligand-based targeting, reflecting a trend toward personalized medicine. Non-ionic surfactant play a critical role in modulating the performance of NIOs drug carriers. Their strategic application in TB and oncology represents a promising avenue for improving therapeutic outcomes. Continued research and innovation in this field, as reflected by patent trends, highlight the translational potential of non-ionic surfactant-based NIOs formulations toward clinical use.
In a blind signature scheme (BSS), the content of the document is non-intelligible to the signer. This property makes it useful for e-cash, e-voting, block-chain, and other scenarios. Lattice-based schemes provide security against quantum computers. In 2020, Chaoyang Li et al. designed an efficient lattice-based BSS using rejection sampling. In 2023, Fengyin Li et al. designed an ID-based proxy BSS over lattices. Both schemes have been claimed to satisfy blindness by their corresponding authors. In this paper, we analyze these schemes and find that their claim of blindness is not true. So, these digital signatures are no longer blind.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by stiffness, tremors, and walking difficulties, caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The main pathological features of PD include the accumulation of α‑synuclein (α-syn), which leads to the formation of Lewy bodies (LBs), and the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. TFEB (transcription factor EB) is a key regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, which are essential for breaking down protein aggregates. TFEB and autophagy-lysosome pathways contribute to the development of major neurodegenerative diseases by promoting neuroinflammation, disrupting synaptic plasticity, increasing oxidative stress, and causing neuronal apoptosis. TFEB exhibits neuroprotective functions that can be enhanced through increased expression via treatments like adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression, trehalose, and others. TFEB plays several protective roles, especially in diseases involving α‑syn production, autophagy-lysosomal pathways, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review focuses on the molecular role of TFEB in autolysosomal regulation, as well as the pathophysiology of PD, including its connections to α‑syn, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. It also explores potential strategies for modulating TFEB expression as novel therapeutic approaches, highlighting the importance of developing such treatments to prevent disease progression.
