M.J.P. Rohilkhand University

The oral microbiome comprises analysis of microbes within the oral cavity. Omics, molecular, and bioinformatic methods have significant functions in examining the diversity, composition, and function of the oral microbiome. Molecular techniques, especially 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing, have transformed the study of the oral microbiome. Analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequences of the oral sample creates a broad portrait of the species composition of the oral microbiome and both existing and new species of bacteria. It is instrumental in detecting bacterial pathogens at specific levels, specifically those involved with dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral malignancy. Paralleling the above, analysis by 18S rRNA gene sequencing elicits information related to the composition of fungal as well as protist members within the oral microbiome that plays significant roles for oral health. It can detect oral cavity parasitic infections, which may lead to oral health conditions. Omics tools are general terms for the use of high-throughput approaches to study on a large scale a variety of biological molecules. Applying these technologies to the oral microbiome allows researchers to determine the genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles of microbes in the oral cavity. These tools help to obtain an overall picture of the oral microbiome, such as its composition, function, and interactions. There are several databases offering useful information on the oral microbiome. These databases store curated information regarding microbial communities in the oral cavity, which aid researchers in the exploration of oral microbiome diversity, composition, and functional characteristics. Some of the examples include Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) and Oral Microbiome Database (OMD). In minireview, we have provided an overview of a variety of molecular and omics tools and databases utilized in the exploration of the oral microbiome.

In the present work, experimental study of incomplete fusion in the 19F + 93Nb system has been carried out in the energy range of approximate to 3-6 MeV/nucleon. The off-line gamma -ray spectrometry was used to measure the cross sections of evaporation residues populated in this system. The analyses of experimentally measured excitation functions have been performed with theoretical predictions from the statistical model code PACE4 to probe the associated reaction mechanism. The imitation of xn/pxn channels data grossly by the statistical model confirms the production of these residues via complete fusion process. However, the noticeable enhancement observation in alpha-channel cross sections hints at the signatures of breakup fusion in addition to the dominant complete fusion. Furthermore, the present study, in light of literature data involving the interaction of 13C, 16O, and 18O projectiles with the same target 93Nb, imparts the reliance of projectile structure on incomplete fusion, and the results may be understood on the basis of the projectile Q alpha value. An attempt has also been made to discuss the trend of incomplete fusion fraction through the Coulomb factor and total asymmetry of the interacting partners. For the present studied system, the fusion function calculated from the experimentally measured fusion cross section data is compared with the universal fusion function to get information about fusion supression.

This research explores the impact of V-shaped vortex generator rib attack angles on the thermal and hydraulic efficiency of microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) utilizing Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids across a velocity (v) spectrum of 0.75-6.78 m/s. Effective cooling for high-heat-flux systems necessitates geometrically refined flow paths, with vortex generator (VG) designs presenting significant enhancement potential. The effects of three attack angles of VG rib (45 degrees, 60 degrees and 75 degrees) are examined by 3D CFD simulations based on the Eulerian two phase model with the emphasis laid on the flow dynamics and temperature distribution, pressure drop, and thermo-hydraulic efficiency. The 45 degrees rib angle consistently provides exceptional thermal performance, occurring the highest Nusselt number at v = 6.78 m/s for CuO (Nu = 101.42) and the lowest passage base temperature (303.32 K). However, this arrangement is associated with the greatest friction factor and pumping power requirements as well. Al2O3 nanofluid has a relatively poor heat transfer capacity but shows a reduction in the resistance to flow as compared to CuO. The thermohydraulic performance parameter (THPP) peaks at 45 degrees for both nanofluids, indicating an ideal deal between enhanced heat transfer and minimized pressure loss. Finally, 45 degrees angle of rib and CuO nanofluid are the most effective ways on managing the thermal of MCHS, which provide useful insights regarding the cooling processes in small and highly functional electronic systems.

We present observations of SN 2023xgo, a transitional Type Ibn/Icn SN, from-5.6 to 63 d relative to r-band peak. Early spectra show C III lambda 5696 emission like Type Icn SNe, shifting to Type Ibn features. The He I velocities (1800-10 000 km s(-1)) and pseudo-equivalent widths are among the highest in the Ibn/Icn class. The light curve declines at 0.14 mag d(-1) until 30 d, matching SNe Ibn/Icn but slower than fast transients. SN 2023xgo is the faintest in our SN Ibn sample ( M-r = -17.65 +/- 0 . 04) but shows typical colour and host properties. Semi-analytical modelling of the light curve suggests a compact CSM shell (similar to 10(12)-10(13) cm), mass-loss rate between 10(-4) and 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1) with CSM and ejecta masses of similar to 0.22 and 0.12 M-circle dot, respectively. Post-maximum light-curve, spectral modelling favours a similar to 3 M-circle dot helium star progenitor with extended (similar to 10(15) cm), stratified CSM (density exponent of 2.9) and mass-loss rate of 0 . 1-2 . 7 M-circle dot yr(-1). These two mass-loss regimes imply a radially varying CSM, shaped by asymmetry or changes in the progenitor's mass-loss over time. This mass-loss behaviour fits both binary and single-star evolution. Early Icn-like features stem from hot carbon ionization, fading to Ibn-like with cooling. SN 2023xgo thus offers rare insight into the connection between SNe Icn, Ibn, and SNe Ibn with ejecta signatures.

Extragalactic jets are broadly classified into two categories based on radio observations: core-brightened jets, known as Fanaroff–Riley Type I (FR I), and edge-brightened jets, classified as Type II (FR II). This FR dichotomy may arise due to variation in the ambient medium and/or the properties of the jet itself, such as injection speed, temperature, composition, magnetization, etc. To investigate this, we perform large-scale three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of low-power, supersonic jets extending to kiloparsec scales. We inject a jet beam carrying an initially toroidal magnetic field into a denser, unmagnetized, and stratified ambient medium through a cylindrical nozzle. Our simulations explore jets with varying injection parameters to investigate their impact on morphology and emission properties. Furthermore, we examine jets with significantly different plasma compositions, such as hadronic and mixed electron–positron–proton configurations, to study the conditions that may drive transitions between FR I and FR II morphologies. We find that, under the same injection parameters, mixed plasma composition jets tend to evolve into FR I structures. In contrast, electron–proton jets exhibit a transition between FR I and FR II morphologies at different stages of their evolution.