M.J.P. Rohilkhand University

The oral microbiome comprises analysis of microbes within the oral cavity. Omics, molecular, and bioinformatic methods have significant functions in examining the diversity, composition, and function of the oral microbiome. Molecular techniques, especially 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing, have transformed the study of the oral microbiome. Analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequences of the oral sample creates a broad portrait of the species composition of the oral microbiome and both existing and new species of bacteria. It is instrumental in detecting bacterial pathogens at specific levels, specifically those involved with dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral malignancy. Paralleling the above, analysis by 18S rRNA gene sequencing elicits information related to the composition of fungal as well as protist members within the oral microbiome that plays significant roles for oral health. It can detect oral cavity parasitic infections, which may lead to oral health conditions. Omics tools are general terms for the use of high-throughput approaches to study on a large scale a variety of biological molecules. Applying these technologies to the oral microbiome allows researchers to determine the genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles of microbes in the oral cavity. These tools help to obtain an overall picture of the oral microbiome, such as its composition, function, and interactions. There are several databases offering useful information on the oral microbiome. These databases store curated information regarding microbial communities in the oral cavity, which aid researchers in the exploration of oral microbiome diversity, composition, and functional characteristics. Some of the examples include Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) and Oral Microbiome Database (OMD). In minireview, we have provided an overview of a variety of molecular and omics tools and databases utilized in the exploration of the oral microbiome.

In the present work, experimental study of incomplete fusion in the 19F + 93Nb system has been carried out in the energy range of approximate to 3-6 MeV/nucleon. The off-line gamma -ray spectrometry was used to measure the cross sections of evaporation residues populated in this system. The analyses of experimentally measured excitation functions have been performed with theoretical predictions from the statistical model code PACE4 to probe the associated reaction mechanism. The imitation of xn/pxn channels data grossly by the statistical model confirms the production of these residues via complete fusion process. However, the noticeable enhancement observation in alpha-channel cross sections hints at the signatures of breakup fusion in addition to the dominant complete fusion. Furthermore, the present study, in light of literature data involving the interaction of 13C, 16O, and 18O projectiles with the same target 93Nb, imparts the reliance of projectile structure on incomplete fusion, and the results may be understood on the basis of the projectile Q alpha value. An attempt has also been made to discuss the trend of incomplete fusion fraction through the Coulomb factor and total asymmetry of the interacting partners. For the present studied system, the fusion function calculated from the experimentally measured fusion cross section data is compared with the universal fusion function to get information about fusion supression.

We present observations of SN 2023xgo, a transitional Type Ibn/Icn SN, from-5.6 to 63 d relative to r-band peak. Early spectra show C III lambda 5696 emission like Type Icn SNe, shifting to Type Ibn features. The He I velocities (1800-10 000 km s(-1)) and pseudo-equivalent widths are among the highest in the Ibn/Icn class. The light curve declines at 0.14 mag d(-1) until 30 d, matching SNe Ibn/Icn but slower than fast transients. SN 2023xgo is the faintest in our SN Ibn sample ( M-r = -17.65 +/- 0 . 04) but shows typical colour and host properties. Semi-analytical modelling of the light curve suggests a compact CSM shell (similar to 10(12)-10(13) cm), mass-loss rate between 10(-4) and 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1) with CSM and ejecta masses of similar to 0.22 and 0.12 M-circle dot, respectively. Post-maximum light-curve, spectral modelling favours a similar to 3 M-circle dot helium star progenitor with extended (similar to 10(15) cm), stratified CSM (density exponent of 2.9) and mass-loss rate of 0 . 1-2 . 7 M-circle dot yr(-1). These two mass-loss regimes imply a radially varying CSM, shaped by asymmetry or changes in the progenitor's mass-loss over time. This mass-loss behaviour fits both binary and single-star evolution. Early Icn-like features stem from hot carbon ionization, fading to Ibn-like with cooling. SN 2023xgo thus offers rare insight into the connection between SNe Icn, Ibn, and SNe Ibn with ejecta signatures.

Extragalactic jets are broadly classified into two categories based on radio observations: core-brightened jets, known as Fanaroff–Riley Type I (FR I), and edge-brightened jets, classified as Type II (FR II). This FR dichotomy may arise due to variation in the ambient medium and/or the properties of the jet itself, such as injection speed, temperature, composition, magnetization, etc. To investigate this, we perform large-scale three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of low-power, supersonic jets extending to kiloparsec scales. We inject a jet beam carrying an initially toroidal magnetic field into a denser, unmagnetized, and stratified ambient medium through a cylindrical nozzle. Our simulations explore jets with varying injection parameters to investigate their impact on morphology and emission properties. Furthermore, we examine jets with significantly different plasma compositions, such as hadronic and mixed electron–positron–proton configurations, to study the conditions that may drive transitions between FR I and FR II morphologies. We find that, under the same injection parameters, mixed plasma composition jets tend to evolve into FR I structures. In contrast, electron–proton jets exhibit a transition between FR I and FR II morphologies at different stages of their evolution.

A first-principles study of two different two-dimensional (2D) polytypes (1T and 1H) of layered TaS2 is performed to find their application as anodes in lithium (Li), sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) ion batteries. The structural stability of these monolayers is confirmed through Ab-initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations at finite temperatures. The lattice constants of the monolayers are 1% larger than their respective bulk phases. The calculated charge transfer, low diffusion barrier and low average open-circuit voltage (OCV) makes 1H monolayer a promising candidate among anodes for Li and Na ion batteries, revealing a theoretical storage capacity of 437 mAhg(-1). The 1T monolayer reveals a capacity of 219 mAhg(-1) for Li while 437 mAhg(-1) for Na. Additionally, our calculations predict insignificant lattice strain between 0.3% to 3% during charging and discharging processes, critical for battery life and its performance. However, these monolayers are found to be inadequate for applications as anodes in Mg-ion batteries, we hope that the present results will help experimentalists and engineers to develop next-generation rechargeable batteries.